1000000030

Qci.1

kno\l'n to have a greater aAinity thao the marine with alkali!, they would abforb a confidmble quantit1

w .1 \\ Ith .Iblis, . no e\'en Wilh lhe bafis of lea·fall thereof.

ílrclt.

arf~nic

Illal' he eomhine.1

~'ith

lhe ¡"fts of fea·r.tll,

antl a oeutr,1 I:'\t thm"y oht.lttlccl, like that whieh re–

fults I'rolll the oecompoli tion of nitre hy "rfcnic: but for

11m purpore a quacl,.ngulJr nitre muH be litll prcpared,

antl . rfcnic

apl'lt~c1 t h~rclO

cOltllllon nilrc.

T he

r .•

lt pruJueed by uniting arfenie with tite bafis of

fed.lt

very Illueh r<fcmbles lhe neuual fall of . rfenie

ahove IrMe.! of, as wdl in the figure of ilS eryll.1s as

lIS

feverJI propenies.

Arll nic prdcnts anothet ftngular phenomenon, hoth

\Vith

lh~

"Ik.li

of nitre ami \Vith that of fca·f..II ; wlllelt

is, that if it bc combineu Wilh thefe falts in

lIuiJ lIate,

ít lorms with them a faline compound, quile diffaent

from the ncutral r.tltS of arfenie whieh rclitlts from the

.kcompr.lilion of nitrous f.1Iu.

Tltis fJline compouncl, ealle.1

liua

orfo/Ji.-,

takcs

up a much grcmr quantil)' of a.fcnic

th~n

js nectff",y

fur the perft':! falllmion of the alkali. It has lhe ap'

pMance of

glue, which js fu much Ihe Ihicker Ihe

mtlre arfenie jI conuins.

fmel l is dlf.greeable; jt

a:m,qs the moinure of lhe air, alltldoes not eryH.tllize ;

it is cJIJlyJeeompounded by any arid whmver, which

precipit.lles the

t~njc

antl unites wilh the alkali.. bH-

1)', the effe8s it pro<luccs on mmllie folutions are d.ffcr·

ent from thofe of our neutral arfenic.1 fala.

Arrenic is eafily reduced 10 a

re~nlus.

need only

nti~eci

witlt any ntatter eomainiog lhe phlogitloo, and

by Ibe Idp of a moneme heat a uue regulus will fub·

h te. This

rc~ulus

is ver)' vobule, and C1Icines with

the grcmtl

eaf~;

which is the rcafon wh)' it cannot be

obtaineo but in fntall quantitics; and ,tifo w!ty, in order

to oblaio

matr~,

of it, fome have thanght of adding

IhcrelO fome mml Wilh whieh it has a great aflinity.

fueb as eopper or iron; becaufe, by joining with the me–

HI, it is partly fi xed and letlraintd fl om fl ying off. But

it is plain the regulus obtained by Ihis means is not

pure, as it mutl partake confidcrably of the metal em·

ployed.

Arfenie readily Imites with fulphur, and rifes with it

in a yellow compound eoll,d .,

,ilN(nl.

SJlphur canoot be fepar,ucd from arfenie but by the

¡ntmention of tWO bodies only ; to wit, a fixed aJkoli

~nd

mereur)'.

The propeny whieh mercury poffelfcs of fepmting

fulphur froll1 arfeo.c is founded on this, th.t thefe two

met.llie

fubnanc~

are ineapable of contraéling any uni·

on; whereas, though moll Of the olher mm ls and femi·

mClóls havo a grcater aninity wilh fulphur tl"n mereury

hath, otvwhdef, they are all uoable 10 deeompound

arpiment; bec.ufc fOllle of Ihem have as glcat an aflinity

witb ar(¡'oie a. witit fulphur; otl.m havc

allinily

w.th

t'lher ; and "JUy,

f~lphur

Imh as grw an affinny with

arftnie a, with any of Ihem.

It mutl be obferv d, th.t, i(

fi.~tci al~alis

be employed

tu purify

ar~

Ole in this manner, no more mun be ufed

titan is nlCl trary to .bfu,h tlo" fulphur or the phloglnon,

of "

,h.eh

,lfO .t is thm oature tO deprrve . ,fenie; (or o–

I ~!r Nif~,

as it 1"., blco Ate'",n tbu

'Ir.

Die rcadlly uoites

il/

gmcrnt.

o•

is an unfluou! botly, w!ticlo burns and con–

fume! witll

R~me

ano fiuoke, and is nOI fuluble in wat«.

conlills of thc phlugitlon unitcJ with water by

me~ns

an acitl. There is. nWl cover. in ils eompofilion a cero

tain proponion of cmh, ntore or Icfs accorJing to eaeh

feveral fort Of oil.

The

.nll~ntmability

of nil eviciently provcs that il con–

tains the phlogitllln. Th.•l an acitl is one of in eontli–

tllent princ.ples

lII~ny

expcrinteOls dcmontlrale, of

wh.eh

thefe are the chief: Ir cenain orls be long trnuratcd

IVith an alkaline falt, and the alkili afterwar", ditl"olved

in water, eryAals of a true neutral falt will be produced:

fome metals, and panieu!.lIly eopper, are corrod,d dnd

rulled by

o.Is,

jutl as Ihey are by .•ciels: again.

~eid

c. yllals ,lIe found in fome u.1s tllolt h¡,e been long kcpt.

Tlti! aeid in oil ferl'es undoub.cdly

unilc its phlogi–

tlon with ilS IV;ter ;

beeauf~

thefe tIVOfubtlanees Ital'ing

allioit)' wilh eaeh olher eannOI be

untl~d

withoul1he

intervention of fueh a m:diunl 's an ae.u, whieh has an

aninitywilh both. As 10 Ihe exillenee of

W'Jtr

in oils,

it appears plainly when they are dccompofed by repemd

dilllldl ~lns,

efpccially arter mixing lhem with abforbent

wlhs. Latlly , \VheR . n oil is denroyed by burning, a

eemu. quamit)' of wth is contbntl)' left behind.

Oilsexpofcd tO the fire in clofe veO."ls pafs over almotl

wholly from Ihe cutlt,.inlllg I'elfd into ,lIIy other applied

to ree<ive chem. Therc rem.ins, however, a Im,1I

qll~ntity

bl.ek

mamr, whieh is cxtrcmcly fixed, and

eonlinue! IInaher.lble as long as it has no eommunreation

with Ihe extern,1air, be the force of Ihe fire ever fo vio–

lent. This matter is no otlter than pan of Ihe phloffi·

tIon of the oil united with its moJI fixed

~nd

grorren

eanh ; and

t1I1S

is what we ealled

charcoul,

or plainly

cDol.

CHARCOAL .

ti E

s oi! happens tO be united tO mueh mth, as il

is in '/egwble and animal bodies, it Jeaves a eoofiderable

quanllly of

" ol or

eh.ured mamr.

TllIs eoal, e<pufetl tO Ihe file in the open airo burns

aod

w~tles,

but wllhoOI

bl.z.ng

like o.her eombufitble

mattus: there appean ooly a fnull bl"ifu Rame, but not

the le.1I fmokc.

Mull

comntonly it only glows aod

fparklcs, anJ fo gradudlly falls

1010

a!llet. which are

nOlhing bUl the emh of Ihe bady comb.o.J wíth an ¡Ik.·

lioe f,lt in burning. This .•Ibline falt m.IYbe fepawed

from the emh, by

lixl\'i~ling

the JAles \Vllh wdter, which

diffolves

.JI

the fah, and leans the eanh quite pureo

CI.areoal is ur,aherable and rndcllruéliLle by any other

body but fire; whcnce

follows,

u.at

when it is oot

¡élu.lly iodltd and ignntd, the moti powerful agenl!,

fueh.s the aClds, Ihou.;b eler fo Ilrong and eon«nm–

~ed.

have not the

le~tl

effdl on

i .

The

e.re

other~'ife

IVhln

is liglllcd. that i., "hen

its phlogifion L<gtM 10 f.pmlc from itl eanh; (ur tiren

lhe purc a iJ' of lilnol bClOg Jomed tbllcwith eCDtr.8,

<11