1000000030

tions in whith they

~1c

IIfed. Mofl of theCe varnilhes are

1ranfparenl and colollrJe!!.

Such billllll(

ns.or

rcfins as fpirit of wine will not touch

are dill'olvcd in oils by means of fire, and rhen fOfln ano

otha kind of

v~roilh

which water docs nOI hun . Thefe

nrnifhcs are ufuall y coloured, and require nlUch longa

lime tO dry Ihan the fpiril.varoilhes: They are called

oi{.vamiJIUl.

Spirit of wine halh a much greater affinuy IVlth water

rhan IVilh oily matlers ¡ and therefore if a fohnion of

any oil or refinoin fpiril of wine be mixed wilh waler,

Ihe Jiquor iOlOlediately grows lurbid, and acquires a

whitilh OIilky colollr, owing enlirely to the oily pans be–

ing Ceparared from Ihe fpiriruous menHruum by Ihe ac–

ccllion of waler, and 100 6nely dil1dcd ro arpear in Iheir

n,rural fornl. RUI if Ihe liquor flands COllle rime quier,

fe,ml of thefe r:lrtieles umre logether, and gradunlly

. cquire a bulk

fu!lici~nl,lo

render tbem very perceprible

lbe eye.

~.cids

hal'e an afftnity wilh fpirir of wine, and may

combioed IVilh it. By lhis union rhey lofe mo!! of Ihelr

aci,lirv and on Ihar accoltnt are faid 10 be

dulcifi,·d.

On~'part

of highly concentraled orl of vitriol. being

mi~ed

\\'ilh four parlS of well dephlegmated fp'fll of

win~,

lhm arifes immedialely a

confid~rable

ebullilion

alld efl'crvefecnce, atlend,d wilh greal hear, and abun–

dance

vapours, IVhich Cmell pleaCantly, bur are hurt–

lul ro rhe lungs. Al the fame time is heard a hiffing

Irke thal produced by a piece of red·hol iron plunged in

waler. lndeed il is proper 10 miK the liquors very grao

dually ¡ for otherwife lhe ven'tls in whieh th.e operation

is performed will be in

~real dan~e~

br~al(lng.

mo liquors lallS nl1xed be Jlllllled IVllh a"ery gen–

tle heat, Ihere rifes firll a fpi rit of wine of a mon pen

trating and grmful odour: When

abo~l

hIlf lhereof

come over, whal follows has a quicker and more fulphu–

reous fmell, and is alfo moreloaded IVilh phlegm. When

the liquor begins to boil a liule, there coales off a

phlegm which fmells very Ilrong of Culphur, and gl'ows

gradually more

aci~.

On lhis

p!lle~m ~oals

f01~1I

quantity of a very Ilghc and very Irmp,d otl. In lhe

~III

Ihere remains a thick, blaeklfll Cubllance, Comewhal hke

reflO or bicumen. From this CubOanee may be fepara–

ted a good deal of a "itriolic

b~1

fulphureolls

ac.id

When lhat is extr.éled, lhere remalns a black maCs Irke

charred coal, which, being plll into a crueible, and

expofed tOa violenl heat, Im 'es afmall ponion of eanh,

very fixed , and even ,'itrifiable,

By reélifying lhe ardenl

fpir~I,

which came over in di–

Ilillin" the .bove,menlloned miXtUre, a very fingular Ir,

quor fs obtai ned, which dilfers elfemially bOlh from oi\;

~nd

fromardent Cpi rits, Ihough in certain refpeéls il re–

fembl<s them bOlh. This liquor is known in chemillry

bv lhe name of

",Iher,

and ilS chief propenies are as

f~1I0~·s.

iElher is lighter, more volatile, and more inAamllla–

bl~.

than che melf highly reélificd fpiri t of wine.

qllickly Aics olf when <xpofed 10 Ihe air, and

fud~enly

calches fire when a"y Aame approaches il.

buros like

fpiril of wine withoul the lean fmoke, and confumes en–

tirely Wilhoul Iming lhe Cmallen appearance of a coal or

of alhes.

.dilfolves oils and oily mattees Wilh grw

caJ'e

and r3ptdily. TheCe propenies it has in common

with an ardent fpirit. BUI il refembles ao

oil,

in Ihal il

js nOI

mifcibl~

with water; and lhis

m~kes

il elfeDlialJy

dilferenl from Cpiril of wine, the oalure of IVhieh is to

milcible Wilh all aqueous liquors.

~nothe~

very fingular

p~Operty

of :rlher is iu great

allinily wilh gold, :xceedlOg even

!ll~r

'qua

"Ci!.

does nOI IIIdced dlITolve gold wheo

a mafs, and in

it! mwllioe form: BUI if

fmall quanrity of :ether

added 10 a Colution of gold in

aqlla

regi!,

and Ihe whole

Ihaken rogether, rhe gold feparates from che

aqua rtgiJ,

joins lhe

~rher,

and renlains diITolved Ihereio.

The reaCon of all Ihe phenomena above·mentioned,

refulring from Ihe mixture of fpiril of \Vine wilh oil of

vitriol, is founded on the g.real affiniry between this acid

aod warer. For if Ihe vitriolic acid be weak, and as it

were over-dofcd \Vith walcry pam, neilher oil nor 3!lher

Cdnbe oblained by means lhereof: Bur when highly cod–

centraled, it attrdéls the aqueolls pans ''fry powerfully'¡

and therefore being mixed with fpiril of wioe, lays hold

of mofl of the waler contaioed in ir, aod even robs il of

Come ponion of thal which is elfeolial tOirs nalure,' and

neeeITary ro conltitule it Cpirit of wioe: Whence'ir comes

10 pafs, thar a cenain quaOlily of the oily panicles in its

compofition being Ceparaled from the watery particJes,

and fo broughl nearer 10 each other, they unite and af–

fllme lheir nalural farOl ¡ and thus !lle oil that fIVims

10p of Ihe Culphureous phlegm is produced.

The vitrialic aeid moreover lhickens and eveo bures

fome of Ihis oil; and hente comes the bituminous refidn–

um left al the bOtlom of lhe flill,

whi~h

looks like the

refull of a ,itriolic acid combined \Vilh common oil.

LaOly, the vilriolic aeid becomes Culphureous, as it

al–

ways dOlh whcn lIniled with oily maners, and alfo very

aqueous, on accounl of Ihe quantilY of phlegmwhich il

attraéls from the fpiril of wine.

JElher may be confidered as a fpiril of \Vine exceed–

ingly dephlegmmd, even

fuch a degree chal

oa–

lure is thereby ehanged ¡

thal lhe few aqueous parri–

eles Icft in il are nOl fuffi eient to diffolve rhe oily par–

lieles and keep thcmafunder

which Iherefore being now

much nearer 10 one another lhan in common Cpil it of

wine, the Jiquor halh 1011 its propeny of being mifcible

with warer.

Spiril of nitre, well dephlegmated, and combined wirh

fpirit af wine, preCents likewife fome very fingular ap–

pearances.

Firll, in the "ery innant of its mixture with fpirit of

\Vine, it produces a grealer and more violeol efl'erveC–

ceoce than lhe vitriolic acid oceafions.

Secondly, this mixture, IVilhout the help of dillilla–

tion, and only by Ilorping Ihe bOllle . in which the li–

quors are contained, aITords

(orl of 3!lher, produeed

prob, bly by Ihe "'pours whicb aCeend from, and fwim a-

10p of Ihe mixture.

Thirdly. fome aUlholl prelend. Ihat by rlillilling lhe

mixI¡lfCuuder confideration an oil is obrained greatly re–

fcmbling thal whieh rif.s froOl 'fpiril of \Vine combined

with vitriolic acid.

Founhly, rhe rwo liquo!'! we are fpeaking of, being

. iotimatcly