1000000030

r;¡

BIs

M U T 11.

BISMUT H, known

~Ifo

by lhe oame

,in.g/np,

is a

f:mi·mm l, having almoll lhe (;,me appearance as regnl"s

of anlimony; yel il 1m

more dnlky can, inclining

f,lmewhat

red , , nd C"eo prcfems fome

changeabl~

n, raks, efpeeial/yafler Iying long in the airo

When expofcd lOthe lire il mdts long before il is

red , and confcqucmly with lefs heat lhao «gulus of ao–

timony, whi,h Joes

001

now, as was fhewo above, till il

begio

be red ho!. It becomes volatile, like al/ lhe

other femi·OIel."" wheo alqed

by a violeol hre :

Reing kCpl in fufion by a proper degree of heal it lofes

its phlogillon with its mmllic form , and luros

powder

or a calx ; and lhat agaio is cOnl'erled iOlO gl,fs by the

cootinucJ a<'lion of fire. The calx and

gl.fs

of bilmulh

may

reduccd, like any other mmllie calx, by rello·

ring lhei r phlogil:on.

Hirmut!'

m;:,:c;

",ilh all lhe melals in.fufion, and even

E. ólitates lhe fufion uf fuch as do not otherwife now rea·

¿iiy.

whitens them by its uoion, and denro)'s lheir

Ol.llht.ility.

amalgamms with mercury, if they be rubbed lO'

gelher wi,h lhe addilion of water : Yel after fome lime

thef~

lWO metal/inc fi,bn anees dcfen eaeh olher, and the

bi(mulh appears again in the form of

powder. Henee

il is plain lhal lhe union il contraéls wilh mercury is nOl

perfeél; ami yel it has lhe fingular propeny of altenua–

ling lead, and

~hering

il in fueh

manner lhat it afterwards

am.12amatcs with mercury much more perfeélly, fo as

el'en

pafs with it through n,amoy leather wilhout any

reparatioo. The bifmulh employed io makiog lhis a·

n1llgama afterwards fep"wes from it

fpon¡an~ollny,

cfll," ; bUl lhe lead Oill cominnes united with lhe mero

Cllry, and always rmins lhe propeny thus acquired.

The ,itriolic acid do'es oOt dilfoh'e bifmulh:

lIS

pro·

per fel,em is lite nitrous acid, which dilfolves il Wilh vi–

oJeoce, "nd abundanee of fumes.

Bir,nulh difiulved in lhe nitrOlls acid is precipitared

r.ot

only by all:.úis, bllt even by the bate addilion of

wata. This précipit:t;e is extremely \'Ihile, and known

by ,he

nlm~

1II.lgif!,,'j

bi/m"'h.

The aeid of

fta·r.h

al1d

IIqua

r(gil

likewife aélupon

bifmlllh, but wi,h Icfs

viol~r.,".

This :emi·met:.1.loes

r.Ot

fcnfibly

denar.r~te

with oi·

tre :

yet it is quickly deprive,1 of ilS phlogillon,

~nd

turned

i~to

a "itrifiable ealx, \Vhen expofed with it tO

Ihe afoioo of file.

lt.d.ly

uniles with fulphur in fufion, and forms

tkrcwith a compouod which appem tOeoofill of needles

adhe,iog Lter.dly

eaeh other.

(t I1lo1y b·! fep.rated from the fulphnr Wilh whieh it is

comoineJ, by on!y cxpofing it to ,he fire, wilhout any

~Jdital11ent:

for the fuJphur is either confumed or

fJ~'

limed, and lcms the bifmuth bchind.

N C.

ZINC

appem~ce

dilfers blll

littl~

from bifmmh,

~nrl

11",

eveo been conf.lUr.dcd Wilh it by frl'eral 3utho,s.

~lc,erthders,

b,f.des

t11Jl

it has fOOlelhing of a blu;!h

Ca! ,

wd is h4rdtr than birmUlh, it

dilfm

(ro/U it

ef.

fentially in ilS propenits, as will prcfently be Ihewn.

Th& tIVO melallic 1¡:bU.nces fca 'ce reremble m h olhl r

in any Ihing, bUl the qUal;lies common lO all feOli.

OIelals.

Zinc melIS themomenl it grows red io the fi re, and lhen

alfo begins lO turn

acalx, which. like anyother mctallic

"Ix,

mal' be rl'dueed hy O/e.n' of the phlngiflno: BUl if

lhe fire be

coofidera~ly

inere.fed, it fu'dimes, names, and

buros

li~c

ln.oilymatt¡:r; wl.ich is

proofofthe great quan–

lit

of I'hl')gdlon In ns compofiliun. At the fametime.bun–

dance

oi'

Rowers rife from it in the forO/ of white nakes, fiy–

ing aboul in the air likc very lighl bodies; . nd into lhis

fOflo may the whole fnhilance of lhe zinc be convened.

Several

""mes

have beeo girco lO

lhef~

flowers, fuch as

pOl/lp/,o/ix, phi/%phic 'Woo/.

They are fuppofed lO be

no olher than lhe. zinc itfelf dtprived of itl phlogiflon

yel no booy has hltheno been ahlt lOrefufcitare themin

lhe form of zinc, by rdloring lheir phloglnOn accordlOO

tOthe melhods ufed in dIe redu(lioo of mmls. Though

lhey rife io the air with very grral

e.fe

",hile lhe zioc "

cakir.ing, yet wheo once formed ¡hey are very hxed

for

rhey wÍthnand d,e utmoO violeoce of hre, aod are capoble

of being vllrified, cfpeciaIJy ii joined Wilh a nxed alw.tli.

They are foluble in acids.

Zinc lInites with aIJ mm!Jioe fubnaoces, excepl bif–

mUlh.

"as tI,is fingul" propeny, lhat beiog mixed

wirh copper, tVen in a confiderable quaotit)', fuch as

founh

part,

it does not gready lelfen the duélililY there–

or, aod at the farne time commun,cates

it a ,ery beau –

liful colour oot unlike lhal

oi'

fold: On which aceoun!

the compofi tion is frequendy made, and produces what

is caJled

bl'llji.

This lDetal

meh~

mlleh more eafily than

copper

aloo~,

bccaufe of the zinc Ilith which il is alloy–

ed. If il be expofed lO a great rlegree of heal, the ziné

whieh it eonlains takes fire, aod fublllnes in ",hile

now~rs,

jull as wheo it is pllre

is to be obrerved, that braf¡ is dufoile onl)' while it

is eold, aod nOl theo lInlefs the zioe ufed in makiog ir

was very pJrc; olhmvife the compofilion wiJl pro\'e but

IO/llbac,

prinu',

1n(1

ha'lÍog very li,,!e malleability.

Zinc is I'er)' \'olati!e, 20d emi" off wilh il any me–

taJlic f"bllanee widl which it is fufed, makiog a kinrl of

fuhlimm thereof. In the furoaces where they fmelt

ores

coot~ining

zinc, lhe maner thus fublimed is ealled

,adm;~

ftrll.cum.

tO dilltngllifh it from the nalive cad–

mia calJed alfo

ca/.JlJÚflf,

I.pil

(,rI.",inarÍJ

whi,h,

properl)'

fpea~ing,

is an ore of zinc, containing a gre.t

dea] of ,hat {emi'llletal, together Wilh fome iroo, and

nony f!lblhnee.

Tll~

name of

c,"'m;'1ftlfl.l cum

is not

approprioterl foldy tO lhe metall!, fublimatl's procured

means of zioc, bU! is given in general to aIJ lhe mmJl!c

fublirrms found io fm.ltir.g.hollfes.

a \'ioleOl aod fuddcn heat be aFFlied lOzinc, it fub·

limes io its metdJllOe form; there not being time.for it lO

bllrn an,1be rcfoh'ed inloflJlVers.

This (emi·mel." is foluble in aJl the acids, hut ef¡le.

cia!ly in fpi rit of nitre, which attaeks aod d,fial"s ir

Wilh I'ery grcat I'iolen«.

•

Zinc has

~r'lat<r

al!inity than iron or coprer wllh .

lhe vitri,llie IC'.!: and therefrlre il

~ecoru?ounJs ,h~

grcen and blue ritriols, pwipiwlOg thofe

111'0

m<tals