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Bllllhingl (qlla/lo

ol/~

and

Ih~

fa nu Ihing, araqual

(JIU

anolhu;

nmfon alfo

Ib1~

trial/glo ,

&c.

~qua/

hetwwl

Ihanfilvr~.

T his obfervation will befound to hold inall

inl/ludia/~

canf flunw

whatfoever, infomuch that they are in faa

more than

enlh)'lhahU

of hypothetical fyllogifrns.

But then it is particular to them, that the ground on

which the concllllionrells, namely, its coherence with the

",il/or,

is of itfelf apparent, and ieeo immedlately tofiow

fromthe rules an,1reafons of logic.

The next fpecies of reafoning wc Ihall take notice of

iJ what is kno\\ n by the name of a

forilo .

This is a

way of arguing, in which a great number of propolitions

are fo linked together, th. t the predicate of one hecomes

continually the fubjea of Ihe nexI following unlil al lall

a conclulioo is formed, by briDging tOgether lhe fubjel!

of Ihe fi r(l propolilion, and Ihe predicaleof Ihe \an. Of

Ihis kind 'is Ihe following orgument.

Cad /¡ omnip.,m,.

An omnipolwl h,ing can doeverJ Ihing p.JJih/e.

Ihal can do everJ thillg poJJihle, call do

whatrv~r

invo/vo nol a conlradiflion.

n erifor, Cad can dowhal,vrr invo/vo

a contra·

¿i{liOl/..

This particular combination of propolitions, may be

continued to any length we pleafe, without in Ihe leafl

",eakening the ground upon which the conclufion rens.

TIe reaCon is, becaufe the

[orito

itfel f may be reColved

ioto as Qlany fJ mple Cyllogi(ms as Ihere are middle terms

in it

where Ihis is found univerCally to hold, that when

fuch a reColution is made, and the Cyllogifms are placed

in train, Ihe concluGon of the la(l io the feries is alfo

the conclulion of the

foriw .

This kind of argument

thmfore, as it ferves 10 unite fevera l fyllogifms into

one, mu(l fland upon Ihe fame foundation wilh the fyllo·

gifms of which it confifls, and is indeed, properly

Cp~ak

'ing, no other than a compendious way of reafoning fyl.

Jogiflically.

What is here faid of plain limpie propoli ,ions, may be

as well applted to (hofe llu t are condidonal

that is, any

numbrr of them may be

joined together in a feries,

that the conCequent of one (hall become continually the

anteadent of Ihe nexl following; in whicbcafe, byefla·

blilhing the antecedent of thefirll propolitioo, \Vee(labliOI

Ihe conCeqocot of Ihe laO. or, by reOloviog lhe I. n con

Ce·

qu~nt.

remove alfo lhe fi rn anlecedent. This way of

reafoning is exemplilied in the following

arguOl~ot .

lf"'elove an) perfoll,

011

el/l,tionl oj hatred toward,

hil/l erafi.

all e1J/oliMI

hatrrd I.,unrdl

pufon ((Ofi,

con/MIrej,ice

;11

hi,

miJforlulICJ.

'Jle rrj,iCt' mI in hil millorlune!, we cerlainly

"Uifo

hi1J/ IJQ injur)'.

n rref'"

if""'

love a perfoll ,

"'iJli

hil" no injurJ.

is evideot that chis

[nritn,

as well as the \nn, may

be reC"I 'cd iOlo a Ccries of diflin(\ fyllogifms: wi,h this

"nly tliírmoce, thal here the fyllogifOlS 3re all eondi·

tioo,'\'

We come now 10 lhat kind of argumeot which logi.

d. ns caUtd llld/lflion

in arder 10 the ri&ht undcrflano·

ing of whieh, it will be nccclTJry to obfme, Ihat our

geoeral ideas are for lhe 01011 part capahle of varioul

fubd,vilions. Thus the idea of lhe lowell fpet,es may

be Cubdivided inlO its fevnol iodividuols, the Idea of dny

genus ,nto the d,írorent Jpecees il cumprehends, and

of lhe rdl. If Ihen we f""pofe l!lis dillribulion 10 be

duly made, aod fo as 10

.ke in lhe \Vhol. extent of the

idea 10 whieh it beloogs ; theo it is piaio. th. l all the

CubdiviJions or pans of any idea

IOg~ther

conflilUte tha!

whole idca. Thus dte (cveral ind,vlduals of aoy fpecies

laken togelher eooaitule Ihe \V1.ole

fpeei~s,

and all the

various Cpecies comprehended under aoy gonus make up

Ihe whole genus. This be<og. lIowed, whatever may be

affirmed

01'

all the ¡'cm,d Cubdivilions and chlTes of any

idea, ougl1l to be alli' med of the whole general idea to

which thele fubdivilions beloog. What may be aRirmed

of all the ,nd,viduah of aoy fpecies, may be affi rmed of

Ihe . 'hole Cpecies. and what may be affi rmed of . 11 the

fpecies' of any genus may bo alfo affirmed of lhe \Vhole

genus; becaufe all lhe iodividu, ls lakeotogether are Ihe

lame with the Cpecies, and all lhe fpecies laken logelher

Ihe fame with the geous.

This way of arguing, where we infer tlOiverfally con–

cerniog any idea whal we had before affirmed or deoied

Ceparatel y of all its feveralfubdivilioosand parts, is call.

ed reaComog:,y

induflion.

Thus if we Cuppofe lhe whole

uibe of animals. fubdivided inlo men, bealls, birds, in–

Ceéls. Bnd fi (hes. and theo reaCoo concerning them after

Ihi, maooer :

AII

nrm h••,. p.w" ojhegillning m,li,n I

. 11 hraliJ, hirdl, . nd in/rfll, haoe .

P01J)"

oj h'gi1l1'¡ng

1J/olion ;

.1I ¡jha

hao,

•

power oj hrgillning molion

;

th"e(." all alli",./¡ h.v<

•

power

h'gillnillg molion :

Ihe argumcnt is an

illduflion.

When the Cubdi.ilioos

are jull, fo as 10 lake io Ihe whole geoeTdI idea, aod lhe

eoumer.tioo 's perfea , thal is, extends to . 11 aod every

of Ihe inferior c\alTes or partS; there lhe

inJI,fli' lJ

compleal, and the maoner of reafoning by

induflion

apparently conc\ufive.

The lall fpecies of CyllogiCms we (hall take notice of, is

Ihal commonly diflinguilhed by Ihe name of •

dii<mlJlo.

rlil,mma

is an argum¡:el, by which lOe eodeavour 10

prove the aLfurdity or falfehood of

Come

alTenion. In

order 10lhis we alTumea cooditional P;Opolilion, lhe ano

tecedent of whieh is theaírcrtion to bedifpro,ed, aodlhe

coofequeot a disjunai.e propofil ioo, enumeraliog all tite

pollible Cuppofi,ioos upoo wltich Ihal

,O~rtion

CdO

lake

place. If tlteoit appm s, Ihal all theCevm l Cupp?fitioo!

oughlolO be rejetled. il is plaio Ihal lhe antecldent or

alfertioo itfelf mufl be

100. When thmfore fueh a

propolition as that before·menlionco is made tile

lIwj or

of aoy fyllogifm; ir lhe

",ilJor

rej~as

all the furpofil<ons

cont,incd in Ihe confequenl, it

folJol~s

ncccO:llily, tltat

the rooclufion OUghl to rejca Ihe an'ecedcot, whlch, as

we have r.,id, is the very aírallon

he dil'proved. Tltis

particular '"'y of uguing is that ,"hi, h 10bicialts call a

dil",,,,,,!;

aod from Ihe account herc givcn of il, it al"

pears, th;¡l

may

lhe geoeral delinc it 10 be

~rpo.

Ihtfic?1

f;·II~~iflll.

where th,

COI//1"0'II1

r~~

mojor il

a diljul/{iiV( propvíliol/ , ?uhich

?uh,11y

Ifl¡~1/

",un; Gr

rmrov'" il/ Ih: ",il/Gr.

Of this kiod is the follo,"II'&:

1f6'od did Ilet mate the ,v.r/d p<rFfl ill it, "i/J': ir

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