1000000030

994

il a general ¡dcl, reprerenting

catain fpe eies of human tbemth:ir pOlllcrs, propcnies, anJ relaeioos. But

wh~

.aions. Reafon tclls us ehat che puni{hment due

it we. have caken chis previuus lIep, and brought particular

d,alh .

HeDee every particular a

/l.on

cOming under obJeas undu general n'mes; as the propertie! "'e,fcribe

the notiol1 of

","rJer,

has

th~

punilhment of

dealh

allot· eo ehcm are no olher eh. n thofe of Ihegeneral idea, it is

ted eo ie. Hcre theolile apply the genenl truth to fome plain, Ihae in order tO

fueecfsfwl rrogrefs io this pm of

obvious iallaaee, and this is \Vhal properly coallitutes the koowledge, we mull ehoroughly acqu,iat aurfd,es with

reafoning of enmmOnJife. For men, in lheir nrdinary tbe feveral (elations and ¡uribules

thefe nur general

tranf./!ions and intereourfeone with another, have for Ihe ide,s. When this is done, the OIbe! part will be eafy,

mol! part to

ooly IVilh particular objcéb. Our friends aod require CCJlCe any labour of Ihoughl, as Leing

and relalioos, their chmaer! aod behaviour, the eonni·

m~re

tltaO

an applicaeion of the general form of reafoni0l:

tucion of the Cevml bodies ehat furround us, and Ihe reprefeneed in Ihe

foregoiog/J'lJogifm. Now

as we have

ufes to wbieh Ihey may be applied, are what chieay en· already Cuflieiendy !hewo how we are lO proeeed io deeer.

gage our amneion. In all ehefc we reaCon aboul pani. miniog che genera and fpeeiesof ehings, all ehaeisfareher

cular ehiogs; aod che whole reCule of our re,fooiog is, wantiog eowards a due explanAlion of ie is, eo olfer fome

the applyiog Ihe generallruehsof Ihe feienm eo che ordi· coofideralion." to

th~

manner of in,(llig. eiog che ge–

,nary eranC,aions of human life. Wheowe fce aviper, we neral rdaeions of our ideas. This i, che highell ex<rc,fe

avoid ie. Where·ever we have oee.lion for Ihe forcible of the pOlllers-of che underfianding, and ehat by means

aflion of waeer, to move a body ebu makes confiderable whereof we mive ae che difcovery of univerCal eruehs,

refinance, we take

c~re

co confey ie io fueh a manner infomueh that our dedu9ions in chis w'y eonllieute ehle

thac ie !hall fall upoo che obje/! with-impecuofity. Now panicular Cpecies of reJfoning which we have before faid

alllhis happens in conCequence of our familiar and ready regards principally che fcienees.

~pplieaeion

of IheCe elVo general muehs.

The

bite

But eh.e we may condua our ehoughes wieh fome oro

viper

j¡

lit1rta/.

1I'.'tr

folling "pon a

61.&

'UJith imp.·

der and meehod, we !hall bcgin wieh obferving, thae che

tUo/lty, ,as ver} forciMy tO'W,rds¡elling it

;/1

lIIoli...

relaeions of our general idcas are

CiliO kinds. Eieher

In like manner, if we fel ourCelm to

conGd:~

any par· fuch as im:nediaeely difcover themfelm, upon

cODlpa~Dg

ticular charaéler, in order to deeermine che !hare of praiCe

the ideas ooe with anoeher; or

f~eh

as, being more re.

or difpraife IhiC belongs eo ie, our greae concero il, to moee and difhnt, require lile and cootrivance to bring

.afeenain exaélly the proportioo of .inue and vice. The themineo vielll. The rel:ieions of the firll kind furnifh

reaCon is obvious.

jun deeerminaeion .io

.11

eafes of us wilh inloieive and relf·e.ident truths; thofe or Ihe

this kind depends

~nlirely

upon an application of thefe fecond are traced by reafoning ,nd a due applimion

.general maxims of morali!y:

Virl.O"S ,mOnl diferve

of incermediale ideas. le is of chis lan kiod thJI we are

Jraifl. Vicioulllmonl diferve

h!ame.

to fpeak Itere, having difpaeched whae was

neeeff.ry

with

Henee ie appem, thae re,foning, as ie regards eommon regard to tbe oeber in cheformer par!. As eherefore, in

Jife, is no more ehan the aferibing the general propercies of tncing Ihe more dillant relaeions of ehings, we mun al–

thingl to chofe feveral objdl. witb whieh we are more waY' have recourfe eo ineervening ideas, aod

~re

more or

immediaecly coneerned, according as they are found eo lefs fucceCsful in our refearches, aecording to our ae·

be ehat

~articular

divifion or claC. eo which che proper· quaintanee wilh ehefe ideas, and abiliey ofapplying them

. ti

bdong . The Ileps thtn by whieh we proceed are il is e.idene, thal lO make a good reúoner, two things

manifefllyebeCe. Firfl, we refer che objea uoder confi· are prineipally reqaired.

Firjl,

an exeenfi.e knol>ledge

deneion to fome general idea or c1aCs of ehings. We of thofe inlermediaee ideas, by mean! of whieh things

then reeolle/! tlle feveral mribuees of thal general idea. m.y be comparcd one

wil~

aoolher.

S<c..

d~"

,he /kili

Andlallly, aCcribe all eboCe .!tributes eo eheprefene obje/!. and ealene of applyiog Ihem happily, in all pareicular in·

Thus, in coofideringeheeharaaerof

Snllp"niul,

ifwe find !lances tbal come under

c~nfideracion.

ie eo beof lhekiod caBed

virtu,.! ;

whenwe ae the f,.me

lo order eo our fuecefsfu l progrefs 'in reafooiog. we

time refleél, ehae a

vi,tuo.,

chara/!er is deCerving of mufl have .n exeenfive knowledge of chofe intermeJiaee

e/leem, it naturally and obviouOy follolll' Iha!

SOIl/,ronÍlu

ideas by means of which thing$ may be comp,red one

eoo. Tbefeehoughts pudoeo a

f;'IIogifm,

in order eo wieh anolher. Foras il is nOI "ery

id~achal

will anClller

exhibil che form of reafoning here requcred, run chus. the pqrpoCe of our inquiries, bue fuch only" are pecu-

Evt'J

virtuo.1

man

is 'UJlJrth}

rf/wn.

euliarly relaeed eo Ihe objeas aboue whieh IVe reafon,

EMPRON

virtllo.,

/nan.

as, by acomparifon wieh ehem, eo furni!h evidene ,nd koown

n"ejorc

'Worlh} o[

rf/mn.

truths; no,hing i. more apparene, ehan th,! che grealer va-

By tbi.

/J'''ogifm

ieappears, thaebeCore we aflirm any rieey of eonceplions wecan ,all into vielll, che more likely

tbing of a parc;cular objea, chae obje/! mufi be referred IVe are eo find fome aOl?ng them thJI will help us eo the

fome general idea:

Sem/"o.iuI

is pronounced 1V0rchy Hucla here rtquired. Aod indeed it is found eo holt! in

of elleem, only in confequence of his beiog a vinuous experience. Ihae in proporcionas

\Ve

enlarge our .ie..s of

mano Henee IVe fee the neeeffAry eonneaion of che vario

thin~s,

and grow aequainted with amultitudeoC diffcrent

(lUS

parls of reaConing. ,nd the dependence Iheyhave one objca., the reaConing faculey gathers Ilreogth. For by

\Ipooannther.

The det~rmining

Ihe gentraaAd Cpecies of cXlending our fphere I·f koowleJge, Ihe mind aequires

things is, as

\Ve

have faid, one excrciCe ofhuOlanreafon; certain furee and peneeration, as bcing accl1fiomed lO ex·

~nd

here we

r,,,d,

ehat Ihis exercife is Ihe lirll in ord", aOline Ihe fc"cral

arpearan.es

il! ,d:¡s, anJ obCerre

ebe oehcr, whieh coofi[ts in

afcribin~

eo what lighe ebey call one upon ano.her.

Tbi,