1000000030

( I OQ 4 )

There are four fp.ei.s, none

thcm nltives of Ilri–

taíno

LONDON, the

m~tropolis

of Great Britain, where the

lirft meridi,1O is fixeJ on the Britilh m,lps, lies in

51 ° 32' N, bt. on the river Thames, and the greatefl

part on the

n~rth· firle

of that river. T he form of

London, incJuding W

tfi~linfier

and SouthIVark, comes

,pretty nelr an oblong fquare,

F.ve

miles in Icogth, if

me,fured il! a d"eét line from Hyde· Park to the end

of Linuhoufe, and fix miles if we follow lbe windings

of lhe (lreets; the greltc(l breadth is t\Vo miles and a

half, and the eireumferenee of thc whole fixteen or

feventeen miles, but it is not eafy to meafure it exaét–

Iy, on aeeount of its irregular form, The principal

Hreets are generally level,

eKee~ding

well built, and

extendeu to a very great length; thefe are inhabited

by tradefmeo, whofe houfes and OlOpS m,lke a mueh

beBer figure than thofe ·of

~ny

tradefmcn in Europe.

Peopleofdillinétion ufually refide in elegant fquares, of

whieh there are great numbers at the wefl end of the

towo near the eourt, What mo(lly eontributes to the

riehes and glor)' of this eity, is the pon, whither fe–

veral thoufand Ihips of.burden annually refon from all

eountries, and where the greatell Oeets nel'er fail to

meet with weahhy merehantsready tOtake off the rieh–

ell eargoes , The nomber of perfons in the whole

place are eomputed

beabout eight hundred ¡houfand.

.LONDONDERRY, a eity of lreJand, in the provinee

ofUlller, and eounty of Londooderry, fituated onthe

river Mouro, near its mouth, io W, long. 7° 40" N.

lat ,

54° 52'·

LONG, an epithet given to whatever exeeeds the ufual

fiandardof leogth ; thus, \Ve faya long·boat, loog ae–

eent,

&c,

LONGJEVITY, length of life,

•

Lord Baeoo obferves, that the fueeellion of ages,

and of the geoeration of meo, feems no way

filonen

Ihe length of humao life, fioee the age of mao, down

from Mofes's time to Ihe prefeot, has 1I00d at about

eighty yms, without gradually decJioing, as one might

have expeéted. The greateil inllaoees of loog:rvity in

thefe our iilaods, are that of old Parr, who lived al–

moll 1

3years; of Jeokins, of Yorklhire, who lived

169 years; or of Ibc eountefs Defmood, or Mr Ee–

kleilon, both of h elaod, who eaeh exeeeded 140

years.

LONGFORD, a eounly of IreJand, in Ihe provinee of

Leinller, bounded by the eounty of Letrim aod Cavao

on the nonh, by Meath on the can and fouth , and by

Rofcommon

the lVen.

LONG·tSLAND, an iiland belooging

NelV·York in

Nonh America, lyingbctlVee071° aod 74° W. long.

and in 41° 30' N.. lal.

LONG1METRY, the

art

of meafuring lengths, both

acee!Tlble aod 'naccellible. Sec GEOM

ETR

LONG l lCO, a tOIVO of the Morea, in Europe, filua–

led on the river Alpheus, fifty miles fouthof Lcpanto;

bein~

the ancient Olympia, \Vhere Hcrcub iollituted

theOlympic gImes.

lONG lSS~1US

DORSI, in anatomy. See ANAToMV,

218.

LO:-lGlTUDE

.,¡

jI"r,

in ailronol1Y, an areh o( the

eclipue, interceptcd betweenthe begioOlng of aries, and

the poiot of the ecliptie cut by the {lar's eirele of loa–

gitude.

L ONG tT UDE

ora

pl.1CC.

See GEOGRA PHY.

In the philofoplllcol tranfgétioos, 0°

we have aQ

aecOunt of

fueeefsful expetlmént in findin;: Ihe loo–

gitude at fea, made with twO peouillum·\vatehes by Ola·

jor Holmes, in avoyage from the eoan of Guioea home·

wards. This and fome olher fueeelfts cncou raged Moo–

fieurHuygens fo far, thal,aflerhe had,improved the IIrue–

ture of thefe walehes, he publilhed an aeeount allarge

for Ihe Olewing

how.od

in what manoer thefe wm hes

are to be ufed in finding the longitude al fea, with di- (

reétions for adjulling ofthemand keeping ajouroal by

them; which aeeount the curious reader may fee at

Jarge in the Philofophiealuanfaétioos, 0° 47.

The ch,ef obj,étioo ag,inlt pendulumdock! and

walehes, is Ihe efÍeéts that heat and eold have upon

Ihe fpring aod pendulum, whieh make the fpring ia

watehes draw IIrooger atfome times thanat other limes,

and eaufes Ihe pendulum .to lengtheo and Ihorten, ae–

cordiog as Ihe weather is hottCr or eolder; but Ihefe

, /Feéts are fo regular, thal without doubt Ihey mar be

accounled foro

But the moll ingenious and fueeefsful machines for

Ihis purpofe havebeeninveoted by Mr. Joho Harrifon,

who, al di/Fertnt times, eootrived Ihree diffmnl time–

pieees for determiniog the longitude at fea ,

The 6r(l of Mr. Harrifon's machines was tried ia

May 1736, when il was pUl on board aman of war;

aod by its exaél meafure of time, io its retoro from

Lif~

bon, correéled an error of almo(l adegree and an halr

io the computations of the reekoning of a Ihip, In

1739, Mr. Harrifonfinilhed hisfecood machine, whieh,

from various experiments made uponit, was fuflicieody

regular aod exaét for findiog the longitude of

fhip

wilhio the nemlllimits propofed by parliament.

p–

on the fuecefsof this. Mr. Hanifoo, io 1741, under–

look (lill a more advanlageous maehioe, whieh he

niOled in 1758, IVhen he applied

the eommillioners

of longilude for orders to' make a trial of that inilru–

ment

fome pan in the Well lodies, as direéted by

Ihe flatutes for Ihe difeovery of the longitude at fea,

In confequeoce of this appliealion, Mr. Ha'rifon re–

ceived orders for his fon tOproeeed from Portfmoulh

to Jamaica, io one of his majelly's Olips of u'ar, with

hiS'third ioilrument, io November 176 1; and the com–

millioners having direéted thal every requifite (lep and

precautionOlould be taken, for making, wilheare, Ihe

properexperim(Dts, and afeertaihing their

ae~uraey,

not

ooly going tOJamaica, bUl in Ihe returo.,

appem,

from theealculations madefrom Ihe experImeot'

go–

ing

Jamaica, that the

di~

reneebetween the longi–

tude, as found by Ihe time.pieee, and calculated by Ihe

o~f<rvations

of rhe mofit of meteury in t 7-13 at Ja–

maica anu London, is five feeonds of lime, "hiel! at

Jamaica is litrlemore than a geographieal mile:

DUling the

voya~e,

Mr. Hmifoll's

ti~le.plece

eor–

reéled the Olip's rcekoning, \\ hieh fomeumes

cl{ed.

a–

bout

dcgree aod

hJlf: anJ

3clng from lIIadwa