1032 / 1042
u
( 1009
b:!t\'fc.:n the hctJ anu {he n..:ck
tO
which the
mhl.r
ex:·
tremili" of Ihe lI"ngs
:!f0
ti",,!. In I'bring, ti,"
Ill'ior,s
M~
IIrud: wil"
Ih~
I'i,!:t h,IO.l,
~nJ
\,:j,.:,
Ih~
T.
T
J.
y
e
b,r\\'ccn
Gua ..
·us I:iog o( S·.ve.len,
~nu
Freuelicl
k¡"~
of Dcnuw k. \Vho bo:h agreed ro ellJbl,Ol LUlhe""it;,,
intho!irdominions: ¡¡nd now
LUlhcr's p;,:rru.¡/ion,
\Vhic!!
(ro", the
U
rper SJX(¡0Y h.d fpread iuto rbe nonlmo
prl)'.'io,ts , bogan
r~
be perfcllly ftltleJ in rhe dueni"
of Luoenbursh, !3runf',vick, M<cklenburgh, and Po·
m~rani.,
and !nth, archb:nlopri,-s
uf
MJgdcburgh
~nd
BreO/en; in lhe to'.\·ns of Hamburgh, Wifmar, Ro.
lIud, amI .100;: the Uallic as (ar as Livonia ,od
Pruflia. L"rher m.linrained lhe doélrine o( contubllan·
riation; aod al a general diel
al
R,tifboo (or recoo.
ciliog both p.nies, thedivines could agree ro no more
than five or Gx arrieles eonceroiog juniúeation, (ree·
\ViIJ,
ori~inal
Gn, baplifm, good IVorks, and cpif.
eop'.cy.
Ht
Ih. 1101's
:11
e pre!!'.:d.
Th~
I,,',s of ]l"I,::r." are
elk\'m:.1 the bell, 00
a~count
uf the WOJd, \Vh:.;I,
,¡
I:lld
ro h,,,'o
.n
uocommon Jifp,.litionfor
pl~Ibrl"~"
fwee t
fouod.
LU rH ER;\ NS , the
Chrilli~ns
,dio
(011011' the ooioions
o(
~1 ·,nio
LUlher, ooe of Ihc priocipall'cfo,,;,as o(
the
~hurch
io lhe tixteenlh centory.
This feéllOQk ilSrife from lh. d¡{\afle laken at tI:e
iodulg~occs
II'hich lVere graol"d io t5' 7, by pope
Leo
X.
to 1ho(e IVho
eontribol~d
lowarus fillillllog Sr.
POler's ehurch nt Rome. Joho SIUpliu, v:elr geoe·
ral o( lhe Augu'lioes io Gorm,loy,
~'lS
lhe firilwho
took OCClGOO to d«la:e
t.~ainfl
lhefe abufes, (or I'.'hich
purpofe hem.deu(e of Mmio LUlhor, the moll learo ·
ed o( all lhe Auguflioes. Lutl:er lVas a na:ive o(
Eifl~ben ,
i n lhe eou",y o( MansficlJ in SJxooy, ar.d
taughl divinilY
al
lhe uni,'erGlY o( Winemberg ; he
mouoted lhe pulpil, and declaimed I'chem,ntly againll
the abuf. o(
iodulg~uees,
aod even fixed oinely.five
propoGlicos upoo lhe church ·doors o( Wirtemberg. in
order 10 lheir being conGdered .od ex.m:ned io a pub·
lic eoo(ereoce : ag.inü lhefe John Tetzel, a Domini·
can, publinled a hundred and Gx poGlions a: Franc(ort
upon lhe Oder; aod by virtueo( his o/liee ofinquiGtor,
ordered lhofe of Luther la be burol; II'hen his ad·
herenls, lOrevenge lhe alfront, publicly burOl
al
Wir·
temberg lhofe o( Terze!. Thus lVar IVas declared be·
rlVeen the Dominicans and
Aug~flines,
and foon a(rer
berween rhe Rom.n ealholie and lhe LUlheran parry.
In 1520, Lmher fenl his book De Liberrate Chrif·
tiana, 10 Ihe pope ; in whieh he grounds juflifieation
opon(, ith alone, IVithout Ihe alMance o( cood works ;
a.d atrerrs, that Chrillian liben)' refcues us (rom the
bondage
o(
humao tradilions. and pdftieularly the
Ilavery o( papal in'poGlions ; aod a(ten' ards, in a re·
mooflrance IVrilten in high Dureh, he proceeded ro
deny rhe ,ulhorilY o( rhe chnreh o( Rome. He lVas
the (ame year ·:xcommunieated by the pope; upon
IVhich Lulher cauling a large Gre tObe madI' IVilhollt
the lVaJls o( Wi,temberg, t!mw lhe pope's bulJ inlo
il IVilh bis oIVn
h~nds, rog~lher
Wilh lhe deeretals,
extra"aganrs, aod clemeolioes; and this ex.mple IVas
(olJowed by his difeiples io othcr tOIVns, The next
)'car lhe emperor Charl,s
V.
ordered his bocks tO be
burol, and pur him under rhe
b~o
o( Ihe empire as
3
heretic and (chirm.tie; and aboul rhis lime king
Henr)' VIl!. o( England IVrole ag,infl him in de(enee
o(
lhe
r~ven
faerameOls, to wbich LurherIVrOle a repl)'.
T he dedor o( S.xony, IVho had (or (ame rime kept
him concealed in his callle ofWdburg, nolV g"e him
Jea.. lOreform lhe churches o(
W
incmherg as he
thnugh t fit; when this rcformer
propof~d ,
th.. lhe
bifhops, ab!>"IS, and monl:s, O,ould be expelJed; th' l
.IJ
rheI..nds and reveouel o( lhe bifhoprics, .hbe)'., and
monafleri~..
O,ould
cfche~t
ro lhe
r~(peélive
prinas ;
and thal alJ .he eon,'ents o( mendieaOl (riars n,ou ld be
¡urned inlo public (chools and h(¡rpilals: lhis y,ar,
L~tter
had the
f3ri~(ac1ion
la
(~e
3 Jcagoc
eonlrJt~,d
LUTH:O:RN, in archirellure, a kind o( lVindolV over lhe
eorniehe, in the roo(
oE
a building; flanding perpen·
, d¡eul. dyover rhe naked o( a lVaJl, and (""ing la iUu.
minare lhe upper flor)'.
LUlheros are of various (orms, as rqua", (emi'cir
euJar, round, called buíl.·.)'es, Aal arche"
&c.
LUTON, a market 101Vn, founeen miJes fourh of Bed
(ord.
LUTRA, in zoology. See
MUSTELA .
LUXATlON, io furgery. is \Vhen any bone is moved
our o( its place, or .arricularion, fo as 10 impede or
dcaroy it. proper morion Or offi« .
Se< SURGERY.
LUXEMBURG, the eapir.1 o( the duehy o( rhe fame
name, filuared an hundred miles (ourh eafl o( Bruf.
fels, is a fmaUbut flrong (ome(s: E, long.
6° 8',
N.
lal.
49°
4¡'.
LYBIA, a name ancient1y given to aJl rhe coafl o( Bar–
bary, efpceially rha! part lying wefllV"d o( Egypr.
LYCEUM, in Grecian anriquilY, ao academy fituared
uponrhe hanks of the lli(fus
at
Atheos. 11 w>! com–
pofed o( porrieoes and walks, where Ariflolle taughl
philo(óphy ; walking there eonUantly every day tiJl
the hour of aoointing, whenee he and his followers
lVere called peripateries.
LYCHNIS, in borany, a genos o( the deeandria penta·
g)'oia clafs. The ealix eonGn. o( one oblong fmoola
Ica(, and Ihe coroUa o( five unguiculared petals, with
a bifid limbus ; and Ihe capfule has rhm cells.
There are feveo (peeies, rhree o( tlremnarives o( Bri·
r.in,vito
rhe Ros cueuli, meadow·pinks, or euekolV'
Rower; thevifc,ria, or red GermancatehOy; and the
dioic3. or whitt"
campion.
L
YqUM, in boraoy, a genuso( Ihe pelandria monogy·
nia clafs. The coroll. is tubular, lhe (aux beingfhu I
up by rhe beard o( lhe fi lameOls; and the berry has
tlVO eell.. There 're three fpecies, none o( lhem
n~rives
o( Britain.
LYCODONTES, in natul.1 hiflory, rhe pClrified reer;
o( lhe lupus· pifeis, or 1V01f.fifh, (reqllently (ound
(oflilc. They are o( difFcrenl n"pcs; bur lhe moll
commoo kiod rife inlO a femiorbico l" (orm, anJ are
hollow wirhin, (omewhat rc(embling an acorn·cll p:
lhis holJolV i. (ounel fomerimes cmpt)', .nd fom"illles
filJcd lVilh lhe il"tllm in which ir is i",merred. M,ny
o( lhem hay! an outer eirele, o( adi«ereOl colour frolll
rhe reno
IIBtroTFfh~pONAl
DEL
pi
CENTRO
Bl8l1OGR~fICO
NACIONII
lir",l"
¡llelIlí" ..
Sofjj,ill llc
51
D
6
HAYO 1999