1000000030

",ilh Iho[e

pr~.ious

propofilioos, that lead to Ihe cooclu–

finn we are io quelrof. Aod if il [o happen, Ihmhe

pr~

.vious propofilioos Ihem[elves are nOI [ullicitody evidenl,

we endeavour by oelV middle lerms

a[cemio Iheir

HUlh, nill .mcing Ihiogs

backw~rd

in a coolioued [eries,

.unlil

Icoglh we arme al fome [yllogiflll

wh~re

Ihe

.premiffes are firfl aod felf·eviJeol priociples. This dooe,

.....e become perfeélly falishtd as 10 Ihe ([Ulh of alllhe

.cooclufioos IVe

hav~

paO,d Ihrough, io as much as Ihey

.are now feeo

!land upon Ihe (¡rm aod immoveable fouo–

.dOlioo of OUr imuili"e perccplioos. And dS lVe arrived al

,lhis cemimy by lracioe Ihings backward 10 Ihe origioal

priocip.les wheoce Ihey80IV, fo mal' we al aoy lime reoelV

jt by a direél contrary proce[s, if, begiooiog lVilh lbefe

,priociples, IVe carry lhe traio of Qur Ihoughls forwud,

uOlil Ihey lead us by acoooeéltdchaioo[ proofs 10 Ihe very

lan coodufioo of Ihe feries.

Heoce ilappe...., lhal io di[pofiog aod pUlling logelher

,eur Ihoughls, eilher for our OIVn ule, Ihal Ihe difcove –

¡ ies we hal'e made may at all times lieopen

Iherevi,,,,

of the miod, or where we meao 10 commuoicale aod uo–

fold Ihe[e d,feoveries lO olhers, Ihere are IIVO lVays of

proeeeding equally IVilhin our ch_,ice. For we may [o

propofe lhe trUlhs relaliog lO¡oy par! of knowledge, as

Ihey prefemed lhem[e!ves lO Ihe mind iD Ihe manner of

.iovdligadoo, carrying on lhe feries of proors io a rmrfe

,arder, unlillhey al Jan terminate in r,rfl principies: .or,

beginning wilh Ihefe principies, we mal' take thecontrary

way, and rrom themdeduce, by adireél min or re,fooing,

alllhe feveral propofilions we want tOe!labh!h. This

piverfilY '" Ihe manoer of arranging our Ihoughls gives

.rife to Ihe tworold divifion of melhod eflablilhed among

lo¡:ieians, For melhod, acc'"dlng 10 Iheir ufeof Ihe word,

is nOlhing elfe hUllhe orderand difpofition of our Ihoughls

,e1ating lO any fubjeél_

Wh~n

Imths are fo propofed and

put IOgelher, as tbey were or mighl have been difcuvered,

lhis is called lhe

ana&'/icRlII(/h,d,

or Ihe

l1u/hod 01 re–

jo/u/ion ;

in as much as it Iraces Ihings backIV"d 10 their

fource, and

rifo/va

knowledge inlO its urfl and original

principies. \Vhen, on the other hand, they are deduccd

{rom Ihefe principies, and cooneaed according

Ihcir

mUlual dependencc, infomueh Ihal the trulhs úrn in or–

der tfJld always lO IhedeOlon!lrationof thole Ibat follow,

L O

LOHOCH. or

LocH,

in pharmacy, a compofilion of a

middle confi!tence bmveen a fofl cl,élúaryand a fyrup,

principally ufed in dirorders of Ihe lungs.

There are feveral kinds of lohochs, denominaled

fromIhe principal ingredient Ihat entersinlO Iheir com '

poúlion.

T~e

eommon lohoch is made Ihus : takcof

fre(b·drawn oil or fIVeel almond,. and or peéloral or

balf. OlIC fyrnp, oneounee : while,fug,.r, tIVO drams :

mix, and make I"eminto a lohoeh,

LOINS, in analOmy, 'lhe 111'0 1.lml pans of Ihe IImbi–

li,,1

r~gi~n ~f

Iheabdor.leo, Se. ANHO'1 Y,

t orRE,

Ihe I"gen river in F"n:e, rifes in the moun–

tains uf Ihe Ct'cnoel, and, af,.,

nJnnir.~

a eourle of

abQul fi ve hundred mi les, fdlls into Ihe h:!y or H'Ccay.

LOLlUM,

DAf.N EL,

in botany, a

gc~uHf

the tri.nJlla

1003

this conOilutes "hat IVe e.1I toe

JjI/1.lrld

/llft/,od,

'or

mClhod

,ompojilio/J

for here we proeced by ga1hering

IOgelher the beral fcanercd pans or knowi<dge, antÍ

,oll/billiJ/g

theminlo one whole fyfleOl, in fueh manoer,

thallheundcrflandiog is m hlcd di(linaly tOfollolV HUlh

\Irrough all her dilTercnt !tages and grad<tions,

There is this farlher to be taken nOliee of. in relation

to Ih& IIVOfpecies of melhod ; that the fir!l has alfo

ohlained Ihe name of Ihe

1I/,¡hod

inven/ion,

becaufe it,

ohfer,es the order in IVhiehour Ihoughs fueceed ooe ano–

Iher in Ihe

invw/ion

or di[eovery of truth. The other

again is often denominated Ihe

me/h."

doflril/'

in–

¡Irumon;

in as much as, in layiog our Ihoughlsbefo,e 0-

thm, IVe generally chufe tO proceed io Ihe

fil//he /id

manner, dcducing Ihem from Iheir r,rll principies. For

IVe are to obrerve, that ahhough Ihm is great picafure

in purfuing Huth in Ihe method of inve!ligation, hecaufe

.il places us iD the condilioo of the inveotor, and !heIVI

Ine p:utieular traio and procefs of t1linking by which,he

arri,ed at his dircoveries; yet il il nOI [o IVell ,ceommo–

dated to Ihepurpofes of evidence aod conviélion.

Fo~

our firfl fcuing OUI, we are commonly unable to divine

IVhere Ihe analyfis willlead us, infomuch Ihal our re–

fe,rches are for fome time liule bemr Ihan a mere gro–

ping Ihe dark. And even after lighl begins lO beak io up–

on us, IVe arenill obliged to many reviews, and a frequent

comparifon of the.feveralfleps of Ihe inve!ligadon among

lhemfelves. N,y, IVhen we have unravelled Ihe wholc,

and reached tbe veryroundalion on which our difeoveries

Iland, all our ceminty iDregard 10 Iheir ([ulh will be

fOUDd in a grm meafure

arife from Ihat conneélion we

are now aole to difcero hetlVeeDIhem lnd fidl principies

taken in the order of compofilion. ' BUIin Ihe fymhelick

manner of difpofing our Ihoughls, Ihe cafe is quite dif–

ferenl. For as IVe here begin wilh intuilive trulhs, and

ad_anee by regular deduélionl from Ihem, every llep of

the procedure brings evidence and conviélioDalong wilh

it; fo that in our progrefs from onepar! 01 knolVl,dge to

.nother, IVe have al",ays aclear perceplion or Ihe ground

on which our ,ffeot rells. In 't:ommunicaling Iherefor.

our dircoveries toolhm, Ihis melhod il appm ndy 10 be

chofen, as it IVonderfully improns and enlighlCns Ihe un–

der.lan¿ing, andJeads to an immediate pe:cepdonof trulb.

L O .N

digynia cla[s, The iDvolucrnm confi ns of one lear

hasno calix; and Ihe llipula confiOs of many fio",ers.

'f.here are Ihree fpeeies, IIvoof Ihemoalives of Britain,

viz,

Ihe perenoe, or perenoi¡1 darnd -grafs

and Ihe

r,mulenrum , or annual darnel'g"fs,

LO;\JIBARDY, • kiogdom IVl,ieh comprehendeJ almofl

all Italy,

was ereaed byIhe Longob4rds, or Lom–

b.rrJs, a Cerman nadon, aboul lhe year 599, and lall–

td 1ill e harlemainpUl an end toil

,h~"1

Ihe year 760.

LOMMOND, a lake in.lhe,courny of I.enox, iu Seot–

[ar"l, "hichruos. I01ofl the wholeI, nglh or the eouoty.

LO!~C:

11TISI SPL EE N'IVO RT, in oOlany, a genns of

Ihe cryplogdnud [¡Ii. umclars of plams, Ihe f,,,[trl;ca–

tions of which are arranged iolO l"o"I.,l<d feriéS, aod

rlifpofcd feplfately uoder the Gn,Ufé¡ al' dIe lcaves.

T!terc_