1000090429

aspiration of stops and fch/ for the voiceless affricate. This

situa tion could only

avoided by using a single phonemlc symbol

for

oh/ (that is, something 111m

11 )

and a single phonemic symbol

for the aspirated stopa ( that is, something 111m small capa or

itaHcis or underline). Having chosen the technically unsatisfactory

"h" for aspiration on the grounds of printing and writing. the

Conference preferred to be consistent even in the faca of this

diffi cul ty.

Conaideretion wes given al so to the use of

for the espiration

of stops, rether than "h".

~ymara

this seemed to be 1mpossible

without giving ambiguity, inas!!luch as "j" was already being used for

a velar fricativa es in Spanish and this fricativa occurred i n

clusters after stops: so that such an ambiguous situation would be

able to develop as sequences like fapja/, and /apbB.f, both of which

would be written as fapja/ if

fjf

were usad for aspiration. Compare,

for example, Aymare / jupha/

'quinua (a grain) '• and /utji/

there are'·

But the tests with semi-literatas showed a further diffioulty to the

use of

for aspiration, in that "pja" and the 111m were usually

read

~ja1

in whi-ch the stop was completely omltted and the fricativa

rea

In the technical analysie of the aspirated atops and the glottelized

stops as separata phonemes for Cuzco, ssverel features should be

noted, namely, that the eyllable division nevar separetes the aspira–

tion from ita stope nor the glottal ralease from its

correspo~ling

stop. Further, thsse Cuzco

~uechua

sounds occur only syllable–

initial, nevar syllable-final.

consonant clusters in the ml ddle

of words, therefore, they aot 111m phonetioelly simple phoLeme s, both

in that they contain no syllabic division and that they foll ow the

ayllable divisi<l!l. The clusters which occur in the middle of a word

are therefore composed exclusively of certain permitted syll el:le- final

consonants, like

f sf,

jf, /nf, and the like, plus permi tte d syllable–

ini tial consonante, which in this case include the aspiratfi d &nd

glottali zed stops as well as the phonetically simple consonauts like

/m/, / s/, /1/ and the unaepirated stops. Assuming then that the

complex phonemes like /Ph/ and

are actually units, the statement

can be made for Cuzco that clusters of consonant phoneme s occur only

in the middle of words and are composed only of two sound unit s, of

which ene is syllabified wi th the preceding eound and the other wi

the following sound. At the lleginning of the syllable, the simplest

stetement is aleo achieved when one seas that the pattern is of a

maximum of ene consonant befare the first vowel, but that this

consonant may be

phonetically simple like /m/ or /s/ or phonetically

complex 111m the aepireted and glottalized etope and

./ñ/,

/eh/ or /11/.

Thi s leads to the ewnnary statement that the permltted syllable

pattern for

~uechua

dialect of Cuzco has a maximum of consonan t-vowel–

consonant, in which either consonant may be omitted, and that the

maximum size of any single morphame is two such syllables together

making ( now using e for coneonant and V for vowel) the maximum

formo.J.a: CVC.CVC.

This simple fornula (grenting that tba consonants

can be euppressed) gives a complete picture of the pressures which

force the phonemic interpretation of aepirated and glottelized stops

into oingle units."