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E e e 465 E e H
c~roll;¡ h"s Illrdly any IVings; .nd lhe poo is h.,iry,
.rvl Cl,.... ins hlll one reed. 'fllere is UUt u..~ fpeClls,
a n;¡.iv(' of CI( (C.
EflIONITES, in church·hiflory, hcreti~s or the 6rfl
centnry, fo " lIen from their le.oer Ebion.
They held the fame errors with the 1.J.zarenes, u·
nitecl the ccremony of the Mofaic innitutin.. with the
precepts of the gorpel, obferved bOlh the JewiO, rabo
bath and Chriflian Sunday, and in ccléurating Ihe
euclmill made ufe of unleaveneo bread. Th, y ao·
¡l.ined flOro the ReOI of animals, aod even frommilk.
In relalioo to Jefus Chrifl, fome of lhem held, th.,t
he was born lilte odler men, of Jofeph and Mary, aod
acq~ired f.nélificauon only byhis good·works. Olhers
of lhemallowed, .thal he w.s burn of a virgio, but
neoied lhal he was lhe Word of God, or had any ex·
iflence before his human generalioo. Thcy faid, he
Was inlleed lhe only Irue Prophel ; bUl yet " mere
mao, \Vho, by his vinue, had arri,ed at beiog called
Chrin, aod the Son of God. They alfo foppofed,
that Chrifl and lhe de,il IVere two priociplts, which
Cod had oppofed to each olher. Of lhe NewTcfla·
ment lhey only rec.ived lhe Qf SI Mauhew,
which lhey called lhe gofpel accordmg 10 lhe He·
brews..
EBRO, ancient1y IBERUS, a large river of Spain, which
takiog ilS "fe in OJd C.llile, runs lhrough Bifcay aod
Arragoo, p;¡{fes by Saragofa, aod, cominuing ilS cuurfe
through Calaloni2, difcharges ilfelf Wilh great rapidi·
ty imo the Medilmanean, auout twenty miles below
the cily of Tortofa.
EIlULLITlON. See BOllING.
EBULUS, io botaoy. See SYMBUCUS.
ECBOLIUM. io bOlany. See AOHATODA.
ECCHYMOSIS, iD furgery, an exuavafation of lhe
blood from a vein in the arm bctwixt lhe flefh and O<Ín.
ECCLESI.'\.STES, a canonieal book of lhe Old Tella·
menl, lhe defign of whlCh is tO fhew lhe vanity of .11
fublunary t1llngs.
h was eompofed by Solomoo, \Vho enumerales lhe
feveral objtéls 00 whlch men place lheir happinds,
and lheo fhews lhe infuOicieoey of aJl worldly enjoyo
meols.
The Talmudifls make king Hezekiah 10 be lheaUlhor
of il ¡ GrOlius .fcribts it 10 ZorGb,bel, and olh. rs 10
lI~i.h; bUl the generahly of commcntalors belitl'e lhis
book 10 he lhe produce of Solomoo1's " pent,nce, afler
h,.'ng e.perkneed all,he follies aod plCdfures 01 Jife.
ECrL~SIASTICAL, an appellalionglvcn tO .·hdtever
belongs 10 the (hurch: lhus \Ve fay, ecde~Jllical po,
lily. j"rifJ i,qioo, hiflory, 6c.
ECCLESIN;TICUS. an apoeryphal boo!:. gencrally
bonnrl up wllh Ihe fcriplUféS, fu called, froOl i" IlCIng
read in Ihe church, rcclift." as a b"ok of p,uy aod
inflrnélinn, b"l 001 DI mfallible aUl horil Y·
The a"tlwr of lhis bc(,k Vlas " Jew, c,lIrd ]<fils
t~c fOil of $"ach. Thc Gmks ,,11 it lhe ",dJolII uf
Ihe fUII of S,,"rh.
EC(,OI'E, In li¡rgrry. See AMPtITAT ION.
ECCOJ'IWTI(,S, m ph?l'maey. See CATHARTICS,
and EVACUHTS.
VOL. 11. No. 46.
¡"CHAPE, in lhe menage, a hOlfe begol betwel'Tl a n.l.
Il(>n ami a mate of d:lTererol omus and <oumrics.
ECHA I'ER, in lhe mtna¡;e, a g.dlieifm ufed in lheaca·
demirs, implyiog to gire a horre head, or lO put 00 at
(,,11 rl!Ced .
ECHENEIS, in iehlhyology, agenos bdooging 10 the
order of lhoraciei. The head is , n.ktd, deprer.
fed , and marked Wilh a num~\er of tranf"erfe ridgcs .:
il has ten "ys in lhe braoehioUege memurane; and
lhe body is n, l:cd. There are llVO fpeeies, vi:. l .
lhe remora, wilh a forked lail, and eighleen Uri:!! on
the he.d. It is found in lhe InJian oce,n. ' . The
pellcr.lleS, Wilh ao undi,'ided lail, and llVeOly.fou r
IIrÍl! 00 the heud. Ir is hkewife a nalil'eof m. lodian
ocean..
ECHEVIN, in lhe French and Dutch polily, a magi.
llrale eleéled by Ihe inhabitanu of a CIIy or lown, 10
take eare of lheir eommon cooceros, and lhedecomion
and cI..nlinefs of the CilY.
At Paris, lhere is a prel'e l, and foor echel,ios ¡ in
olher 10lVns, a mayor anJ <chet·ios. Al Amllcrdam,
there are nine echevins ¡ and, al ROll"dJm, feveo.
lo Franee, lhe echevins l, ke eognizance of renl~
laXeS, and lhe n..igalion of ril'ers, tlc. In Holland,
lhey judge of civil and crimin.1caufes ¡ and if thecri·
mio,1confetres hiOlfeJf gUllty, lhey eao fee lheir fen·
lenee exeeuted Wilhout appea!.
ECHINATE, or ECHINATED, an appellalion given
10 whatever is priekl)', lhereby refembliog the hedge.
hog.
ECHINITES, in oalural hiflory, lhe name by whicn
aurhors c,Jllhe fo¡f,le cenlrooia. frequent1y fouod in
our chalk·pilS. See CENTRONIA. '
ECHINOPHORA, in bOlaoy, a genus of lhe pentan.
dria digynia dafs. The fruit has fuok pedundes.
There are I\VO fpecies , ooe of IVhich, viz. lhe fpino.
fa, or priekly f.mphire, is a o'live of Brilain.
ECHINOPS, GlOVE'TH ISTL E, in bOlao)', a genus of
lhe ryngt!ne~a polygami, fegregata clafs. The prorer
"Iix is ereél, imbliemd, and eonlains but a fioglc
Oo\Ver. There are tllIee fpecies, nooe of m~m Ill'
tives of Bril,lin
ECHINUS, in zoology, a genus of infcéls bclongir.g :0
lhe ordcr of verOles molluf,a. The bndy is roundial,
co'ereJ wilh a booy crun, aod oflen befel wilh move.
able pncklcs ¡ and lhe moulh is belolV, . nd conr.lJsof
h e .alvcs. Ther, . re fe" enteeo fpeeies, all Imil'es
of lhe fea.
ECIIIN US, io archileélure, a member or ornament neu
the bOltom of lhe [onic, Corinlhian, and COlllpo~le
capilals.
ECHIUM, VIPER'SnUG l OSS. in oouny, a ceous of
the peOl,ndnl mo.nog)'ni. d,[,. The eorolla is irre.
gul", \VidI a n,kt!d faux. There are fCl'enfpeci~s,
lltree of ",llIch are o"i,'cs of Ilrilain, vi:. lhe I'ul.
gm, '" ,'i~er's bnglnfs; lhe angl:cum, or EogliOI vi.
p"·s bnglo/s ¡ aoJ lhé il,licUIII, or \1 aJl·, ipel's bu.
glors.
El' li,), a frllnd rererbmled or reflc<~cd 10 the ear
f'OIll ('\Olo. li,lid ood)'. S('c PstUM.1TICS.
ECll o, In archlltélllre, a lcrm arrlicd 10 ecmin kincls
t 5 .'\. of