408 / 1042
D
y
E
( 460
ef
me
decuriones; chey had great
p~wer
aod aumeri ·
ty, werernembers of the public couoeil, aod had twO
liCloís te walk before tbem.
D uu~tv Illll U ~
tel
P4 L
El, were tWO magiArates in fo:ne
mies of
th~
empire, anfwering te wh:u the confuls
were at Ronte: they \Vere choleo out of the body of
¡he ucculiodes; their olliee la!led eommonlyiiveyears,
lI.pon which account theY'were frequeotly termed
quin·
q,tÍlI'/es nJogijlratul.
Their jurifdiElion was of great
exteot: tbey bad oJlicm walkiog before them, carry–
iug a{mall fwitch
i~
thdr haods; aod fome of
them
afluOIed tI,e pri,'ilege ' of haviog lidors, cmying
axes and tbe rafm, O¡ buodles
of
rod., !¡efore
tbem.
DUUMVIRI
NAVALE S
were the commilrariesjlfthdleet,
fi ra cleated at the rcqu& of. M. Decius, tribuoe of
tbe -people,
in
tb~
ti'me of the "\\lar with the Samoim..
The duty of lheir ollice,confilled in giling orders forthe
fittiog of Ibips, and giviog thcir c9mmi/lions 'to ¡he
marioe o/licers,
&c.
DUUMV IRI lACROR UM were magiarates created by 1'<.r–
quimos Superbul,
Eor
Ihe performance pf lhe facrifite,
andkeeping of the fybils books. They were che)feo
fromamooS'tbe pmiciaos, aod held their ollice for
hfe: l11ey \Vete exempred from ferving io the wars,
aod from the ollices impofed en the other cilizeos,
aod without them the oracles of the fybils could not be
eoorulted.
DUYVELAND, or DIVELAND, one of the iOands of
Zeal¡¡¡d, io the Uoited Provinces,. lyiog eallward of
Sehooeo, from which it il only feparated by 'a narrow
cllannel.
DWAL, io heraldry, rhe herb nightlbade ufed by rDeh
as bLlzoowith flowers and herbs, infiead of metal! aod
colours, for fable or black.
DWARF, io geoeral, ao appeUation given to thiogs
grmly inferior in fiz.e to that which is
~fual
io their
feveral kinds: thus there are dwarfs of the human
fpecies, dwarf-dogs, mrf-trees,
&c.
The Romans were fo palliooately food of dwarfs,
that they oflen ufed arti6cial methods to prevenl the
growth of boys defigned for dwarfs, by inclofiog them
io boxe!, or by' the ufe of tigbt baodages. In Italy,
eveo al prefeot, they walb young puppies every day
wilb aariogeot liquors, ioorder topreveot their growth
by hardeoiog Ihe pans.
DWINA, the oame of two large rivers, ooe of which
rifes io Lilhuania, and, dividiog Lirooia from Cour–
laod, f.lIs iOlo !he Baltic fea a linle below Rlga: the
other gives name
10
the provinee of Dwina, in Ruffia,
difchargiog iúelf ioto the Wbile fea, a liule below
Arehangel.
DYE,
in arehiteéture, aoy fquare body, as the trunk or
nOlehed pan of a pedefial: or it is rhe middle of the
p~Jefbl,
or thu pan iocluded between the bafe and
the eoroiehe, fo called beeaufe it is ofteo nlade in the
forro of a cube or dye. See AatHI TECTURE.
DYER, a perfon \Vho profelres the
3rt
of dyeing all mao–
ller of colours. See DYEI NG.
DVER'S
\YUD,
io botaoy. See RSSEDA.
DYEING, the art of giving a bJliog eolour to filks,
D
y
E
c1oths: and Olher fub!laocet, whereliy úieir beauly.i¡
much improveo, aod
~aI~
euhaDCtd.
This
art
depcods chie8y
00
three things,
wz.I.Dir.
pofing the furface of the aull's tO receive 20d maio
the colours; which is performed bywalbjng them io dif–
fereot Iyes, digeaing, be2tiog lhem,
&c.
in which hU:
mao urioe putri6eJ, a Ibarp fah of albes, divers foap!,
aod galls of'.nimals, Rre of principal ufe
i
by
l~caOS
whereof the vircousgluten of lhe 6lk·worms natural–
Iy
aClheriog
!()
Oleir tbreads, is walhed
and
cleaofed
f,om tbem, aod tbus they become 6ued gradually te)
imbibe lhe colours.
By
t~efe
alfo the greafy fouloeft
adherirtg to 1\1001 aod tlax js fcoured off. . '
2.
To grigd the colour¡,
al
that lhe, Rlay e9ter
the body duly prepared: aod preferve tbeir briglItoef.
undimioilhed.
3· The third coofias
in
having beaDtiful colours. .
Accordiog xo Sir W. Petty'a account of what
¡.
dooeip panicular tradesby the
3rt
of
~yeiog,
l.Tilere
is a whitening of
W3'X,
aod feveral fom of jiotn aod
cOlton clolbs, by the fuo, air, aod reciprocal ·dfufionr
of water.
2.
Colouriog of wood and leather,
by
lime,
falr and liquQrs, al in aoves, caoes, aod marble ka·
rhers. 3. COIOUriDg of paper, viz. the mar-bled paper¡
bydiflemperiog the colour! with ox-gall, and applyÍll&
them upoo a í1iff gummed liquar. 4' Colouring,
o~
J1lrher difcolouring, the colours of filks, tiffaoies, "(,
by brimaooe. 5. Ce)louriog offeveral iroo and copper–
works ioto black wilh oil. 6. Colonriog of leather io:
to gold.colour, Qr rather filvet-Ieaves ioto gold by vzr–
oilbes, aod in olher cafes by urioe and fulphur. 7.
Dyeing of marble and alaballer, with heat and oolour–
ed oils. 8. Colouring film intothe brafs-colour¡
w!1~
brimaooe or urine.
9.
Cclouring the barreis 20d lockl
of goos ioto blue aod purple, wilh tbe temper
df
fmall:
coal heat.
10.
Colouringof glafi (madeoffaods, Biotl,
(¡c.l
as alfo of c'rylhls aod eartheo \Vare, wilb tbe
ruas aod folurions
of
metals.
1\.
The colouriog of
live hair, as in Poland, horfe aod man's bair : as airó
the colouring of fun.
12.
Eoameling and annealing.
13. Applyiog colours, as io the prioting of books
~od
piéjures, aod as io making of playing cards,
beiD~ e~ch
of them performed in a ditrereDl way.
14'
GlldJOg
aod tiooiog wilh mercury, block-tiD, fal armooiac. 15'
Colouring of metal!, ascopper withcalaruy, iDtO
~rafs,
and with zincor fpelter iOlo a goldeD colour, or InlO a
filver ooe with aneoic; aod of iron iOlo a refemblance
of copper Wilh Hungariao vitriol.
16.
Makiog paint–
ers colours by prepariog of eartb, chalk,ajld fines
i
as
ioumber, ochle, cullen·earlh,
&c.
as
aI10
out of calces
of lead, as cerufe and mioium; by fublimales o( mer–
cury aod brimfiooe, as io verrnilion; by tinging whole
mths varioufly, as in.verdeter, and fome of tbe
I~es)
by coocrete juices, or freculre, as io gambogium, JOd.,–
go, pinb,fap.green, and lakes; as alfo by rufis, as JO
verdigrcafe,
6c.
17.The applyiog thefe colours by.Ihe
adhefion ofox'Call, as in the marbled paper aforefald
¡
or by gllm-waler, as by limoing; or by clammy
dry–
iog oils, fueh as the oils of liotfced, nUlS,
oc.
18.
The wateriog of tabbies.
19.
The colouring of "001,
lineo, conon, filk, bair, feathers, horo, leather, andthe
threads