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upoo eYel y projeétioo there arifes a detooatioo accom–

paoied Wilh a vivid flameo

The vapOnrs Meharged

this omfioo have the

miogled fmcU of a fulrhurcous fplrit aod fpirit of oitre ;

aod if they be coUeéted by meaos of a tubulmd rClOrt,

aod fuch ao appamus of veITds as was ufed io the pre–

eeding experiment, the liquor cootaioed in the reeipieot!

is fonod

be ao a{lual mixture of the aeid of fulphur,

Ihe fnlphureous fpiril, aod the acid of oitre; lhe firll be–

ing

of greater quaotity thao the other tWO, aod thc fe–

eood grearer thao the lall.

Nor is the remaioder after detooatioo a 6xed alkali,

as io the f"rmer expenmeots; but a oeutral falt , coofill–

ing of tbe acid of fulphur eombioed wilh

th~

alkali of

oitre; a fon of vitriolated tartar, koowo iD meJicioe by

lhe oame of

¡.I poJ;·ehrtj/um.

dmmpoft

Nilrt

m,am o/ Ih, Vilriolie Aeid.

Smoking Spirit

Nilrt.

Sal de duobns.

PurijealÍon o/ Spiril

Ni/f(.

AK I

equal pans of weUpurift(d oitre aod greeo vi·

triol : dry the oitre thoroughly, aod brl1ife it

a fioe

powder. Calcioe the vitriol to rcdoefs: reduce it like–

",ile to a my fioe powder

aod miogle thefe two fub–

n.o.es

wdl togelher.

Put

the mixture imo ao eaHhen

loog oeck,

a good glafs reton eoated, of fueh a fixe

that it may be but half fuU.

Set this veITel io a reverberatioe fl1roace covmd with

Íls do Ile; apply

laree glafs recciver, haviog a

fm~U

bole io its bod¡, 1I0pped wilh • litde lute. Lel this re–

ceiver be accurately IUled tO the retort with the fat Ime,

•nd the joiot covered Wilh a Oip of caovas fmeared wilh

te made of qu:ck-lime aod lhe white of ao egg. Heat

the veITels very graduaUy. The receiver will fooo be

6iied Wilh very deofe red vapours, aod drop! will begio

to dillill from the oofe of the retort.

Conlioue lhe dillillalion, iocreafioe the 6re a !iule

w\'~o

you obfem th e drop' to follow eaeQ other but

flowly, fo that aboye tWO thirds of a mioute paITes be·

tw« n them; and, io O/der to let OUt the redundaot va–

pout!, open lhe fmaU hole io

th~ recei~er fr~,:"

time to

rim~.

Towards the eod of rhe operauoo ralle rhe fire

fo as to make lhe rerort red. When you find mat, eveo

",he" the reton is red·hot, oothirg Olore comes over,

,,'nlule rhe rceeiver, .nd wilhout delay pour the liquor

it contaios il1to a cryllal boule, and clofe it with a cry–

Ual1l0pple rnbbed in its oeck Wilh emery. This liquor

l'Iill be oí a reddinl yellow colour, fmoking exeeediogly,

aod rhe botde eontaioing it will be eon!lantly filled with

rtd fumes like tltofe obftrved in the reeei"er.

Uy the procefs here dclivered, a very (lrooe, perfeétly

dephlegrnalcd, and vallly fmokine fpirit of oilre is ob·

talO~rl

Wh.n the operatioo is over, you will find a red maf!

at the bonom of the reton, call as it were io a mould .

Tltis

a ne"ml

fi.1r

of the nature of vitriolated rarrar,

reflll!ing from rhe nnioo of the acid of the vitriol Wilb

Ihe alkaline bafis of the nitre.

Tite ferruginous bafis of lhe vitriol, whieh is mixed

wi,lt lhis lalr, gi.e, it lhe red colOllr. To feparate it

~lt,reft o;n,

yeu mull pulverif. it, diGolvc it io boiling

water, aod lilrer lhe

fol~rion

feverallimes through brown

paper; beeallfe tlle fer rur,ioo,,! emh of the "itriol is fo

fioe, lhat fome of it will paf! through the firO time.

\Vhen the foluliun is very dear, and depofitcs 00 ftdi·

ment, lel it be ftt to Ihoot, aod it will yield cryO.I. of

vitriolated tartar; to whieh ehemiOs ha' e given lhe pe–

culiar tide of

¡al d, duobul.

Ni,re may alfo be decolOpofed, and its acid obtained,

by the ioterpufition of any of the other vilriols, alumsl

gypfums, boles, days; in nlOn, by means of aoy com–

pound in which the vi,riolic aeid i¡ found, provided il

ha'e oor

fixed alkali for its bafis.

The diflillers of

oqua/orIÍJ,

·",ho make large quaoti–

tic! at atime, and who ufe the lean chargeable methods,

dotheir bufinefs by the

me~ns

of earths impregnated with

the ,itriolic acid; fuel, as

cI.ys

and boles. Wilh thefe

eanhs they aeeuwdy mix the nirre from whieh they in–

tend rodmv their fpirit: this mixture they put inro large

oblooe earthen PO!s, hal'ing a very Ihon curved neck,

which enrers a recipient of the fame maner and form_

Thefe veffel, they place io two row, oppofite to eaeh o–

ther io loog furnaees, and cover them orer with bricks

cemented with Windf"r·loam, which ferves for a rever–

beratory : Ihen they light the fire in the furnaee, makiog

it at fidl .ery finall, only to warm the veITtll; after

whieh they throw in wood, aod raife the fire lill the por!

grow quite red·hot, io whieh degree rhey keep it "p till

tbe dinillation is entirely finilhed.

MoO experimcllts require rhe fpirit of oitre to be ab–

folutely pure; and if it be inteoded for fuch, it mull be

perfeélly eleanfed from rhe .itriolie raint•

This i, eafily dl'.élcd by mi xing your fpirit ",ith very

pure oitre, and dilltlliog it a fceond time. The vitriolic

acid, Wilh which Ihis fpi rit of oirre is adolterated,

coming in cootaét with a great qllantity of undeeompofcd

oitre, unires wirh its .Ikalioe bafis, and expels a propar–

tionable quaotity of the nitrous aeid.

Of tbe

A R

N E

(,,'ran S(afal/

[.0111

S,a'1ua/u, and /rolll Brin,–

jpringl. Epfom Sall.

FrLTH the fah·water from which you intend to ex–

traél the falt ; e"aporm it by boiling, lill you fee

il!

furface a dark pelhde: tbis confins wholly of liule cry·

1I..ls of

f.lt

jun beginningro Ihoot : now ftaeken rhe fire,

that thc brine may evaporate more flowly, and without

any agitalioo. The cryOah, which at firll \Vcre very

fmal!, will beeome larger, and form hollow 1runealed

pyramids, the ariees whereof·will poiot downwards, and

their bafes·bec'en Wilh rhe furface of the liquor.

Thefe pyldlnidal cr) nals are only culleélions of fmall

cubical ery{\als coocreted inlo Ihis fotm . When they

ha.e acquireu • celtAio magoitude they fal! tO Ihe bOllom

rh~

liquor. Wlten they come to be io fueh hcaps as

almilI! to

re.eh

the fllrface of the liqnor, decaol it from

them, and coorin"e the ev.lporalioo

1I1!

no more eryllals

01'

f~a·falt

will OIOOt

The aeid of fea.fah is fearee ever found. either io fea–

\Vatet or in the eanh, otherwife thao wnitcd with a fixed

ill..Ji