151 / 1042
12~
e
H
M
ce;':e' like
th~t
\lfOO in diflilling the fmoking fpirit of
ni
'e. .Ind lutc II
011
in
th~
11lle
Ill~nner,
or nuha more
exadlyil poniGle.
Th~n
tllI ongh the hole in the opper
cool"c\ity of .'le I'etolt pour a quantity of highl yconceo·
tratcJ oil of ":"'iol, cqll.d io II'cighl lOabotll a lhird pan
of YOllr falt, aod IIlIlllcdimly Ihul the hule very c!e,le
with a glafs lIopple, (¡rn
rub~cJ
thereio II'ilh emcry fo as
lOlit it exaélly.
As fooo as the oil of "itriul tollches lhe fall, lhe rc·
ton and receim will be lilkd II'idl abllnddOce of II'hite
vJpours; and (c,on afler, withoul liglHing aoy lire in lhc
fnln.lce, drops of
a
ydloll' liquor will dilliJl from lhe
oolt o( the rLlor!. Lel the dillillation proeeed in this
manncr withotlt fire, as long as yotl perceive any drops
come ; aftwvMds kindle
a
l'CI y fmall .fire under the re·
torr, and contintle dillilling aoel raifiog lhe fire by very
nolV degrees, and with great cantion, to the end of the
t1illillatioo; which will be fi nilheJ
bcfor~
you have oc'
cafion lOmake the reton red·hot.
U
olule
th~
vefi'els,
and l'.'ithoUl dday pour the liquor, which is a veiy
fmoking ¡'piril of f. lt, OUl o( the rcceiver iOlO a cryndl
bonle, like that direllcd fur the fmoking (pirit uf oitre.
Wheo the operatioo is finilhed, we liod a white, fa·
lioc mafs at the botrom of the relon as io a mould. If
this mafs be difi'oh'ed io water, aod the folution cryflal.
lizcd, il yiclds a confiderable quaotity of fea·fah lhal
h:uh oot been decompofed, and a neutral f:lll confiniog
of lhe "itriolic acid unitcd with the
alk~line
bafi! of that
pan which hath been decompoled. This neutral fah,
which bcars thenameof
Glal/tu
its inventor, dilfm from
vitriolatcd tmar, or the
Sal
d~
duoboJ,
which remains
aftcr diOilling the nitrous acid, efpecially in that il is
more fuGble, more fol uble in water, and hath its cryllals
diiFmntly 6gured. But as in lhefe lWO fahs the .cid is
lhe fame, the difFerences that appear between theO! muO
h~
attributed lOlhe peculiar nature of the baGs of fea·
falt.
Spirit of falt
dra,~n
by the procefs
abov~
defcribed is
tainted with a fmall mixttlre of lhe vitriolic acid, carried
up by the force of fire before it had time tOcombine with
IJ¡~
alkaliof (he Cea·fah; which happens likeIVife lOthe
nitroos acid procured in the Came manner.
Ir
you deGre
tOhave it pure, and abrolutcly free fromlhe acid of vi·
tr iol, it mulebe diOilJed a fccond lime Crom fea·fah, as
the atid of nitre IVdS befure dlte<led to be dillilled again
from írefh nitre, in order tO purify il from any vilriolic
taint.
r o dmlllPofe
S~a.¡.lt
by auaaJ
of
th~
NitrouJ AcM.
Aqoa regis.
Ie!,adraagular Nitre.
TAKt dried fca·Calt : bruife it
10
pOIVder : pUl il in·
tOa glafs rClon, leaving one half of the vcfi'd empty.
¡' our upon il a third of its wcighl of good fpirit of nitre.
l'lace your reton io thefand·bath of a reverberating furo
nace; pUl
00
the dome ; llIte tO the retvn a recciver
having a fmall hole 'o it, and heat lhe vefi'els very Oowly.
Thcre wiJl cOme over ioto the rcceiver fOllle vapouts,
and an .cid liquor. ¡'"creafe the 6rc graduaJly liJl no·
thing mure rifes. Then uolme the vcO'e1s, and pour lhe
liquor out of lhe rcceivcr iOIO
a
cryllal bonle, Ilopped
likc others containing acid fpirits.
s
T
R
Y.
The nitrou! acid halh a greater aRinity th.n lhe ma–
rine .cid wi'h fixed alkalis. When thmfore fpirit of
nit re and
fca-r~ll
are mixcd logether, the fame cor.!c·
'ItI~oces
will follow as when the vitriolic acid ia mlxcd
with Ihat Calt: that is, lhe nitrotls acid will, like lhe
vitriolic. decompofe il, hy diOodging in acid from its
alkalioe bafis, and aO'uming its place. BUl as lhe ni–
lrOU<l acid is confiderably weaker, and much lighler, lhan
the vitriolic acid, a good deal of it rifes along wuh the
acid of fea·falt duriog the operatioo. The liquor found
io the receiver is therefore a true
aqua "giJ.
If decrepitattd fah, and a righl fmoking fpirit of oitre,
be employed in this ptocefs, lhe
aqua
r~gis
obtained will
be very Orong.
Theoperation beine fioi!h ed, there is lef! in the reton
a
faline mafs, coolainiog fea·lah nOl decompofed, and a
oew fpecies of OItre, which having for its bafis the alkali
of Ie.-fah, ,hat is, an alkali of a peculiar nalure, ddfers
(rom the commoo nitre,
1'.
In lhe figure of in
cryli.ls;
which are folids of four fides, formed like lozenges :
2 .
In that il cryflalJizes with more difficuhy,
r~tains
more water io ilS crynals, am.,é!s the moiOure
of
the
air, and difi'oll'es
in
water with lhe Carne circumllances
as fea Calt.
Of
B
O R A X.
r odmmpo/<
B~rax
by
th~ m~am
of
AcidJ, aad to
fi·
paralr
¡TOla
it the S,datit'e Salt hy 'Sublimation
amI,
by CrJ'.Jla/lifati,a.
REDU CE
to a fine powder the borax fromwhich you.
inteod to extraé! the fedativc fal!. PUl this powder into
a IVide·oecked glafs relOr!. Pour upon it an eighlh par!
of its weighl of commoo waler, tO moillen the powder;
and lheo add concentraled oil of vitriol, to the weight
of[omewhal more than a foucth pan of the weigh! of lhe
borax. Set the relOn io a reverbera¡ory, make amode·
rate fire al firll, and augmenl it gradually till lhe retor!
become red·hot.
A
linlephlegm will firll come over; ano then, with thc
lan moiflure lhal lhe heat expels, lhe fedalive falt will
rife; by which meaos fome of
tt
will be diO'olved in tltis
laO phlegm. aod pafs lherewilh inlo lhe receiver; bUl moll
of
tI
IVill adhere '" the form of falioc ROlVers lO the
fore.pan of the neck of the reton, jun where it is clear
of lhe groove of lhc furnace
There lhey colleé! into
a heap, which thcfuccceding Rowers pufh infenlibly foro
ward till lhey nighdy lIop Ihe pafi'age
ThoCe which
rife after the neck is lhus noppcd Illck to the after part
of il which is hot, vitrify in fome meafure, and form
¡
cirde of fufed falt. In this
{late
the Bowers of lhe feda.
tive
(" J¡
fcem io ifi'ue OUl of lhe circle, as from their
bafis I They appear hke very thin. lighl, fhining fcales,
and mufl be brufhed off with a fcalher.
At the bolto", of the retorl will be left a faline mars :
Difi'olve.this in a fufficient quantity of hOl water; filter
lheCOIUlioo, in order tOfree it from a brown eanh which
il depoGtes; fet the liquor tOcvaporale, and crynals of
ferlati'e fah will form in it.
Though borax is of greal ufc in many chemical ope·
rations, efpeeially in the fuGoD
o~
metals, as we Ihall
hare