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· XVIII. Inte1·ncdional Cong1·ess of Ame1·icanists.

from it, with knobs or balls on the ends of the strings. Arriaga says about the

pc61'Ícmas,

as he calls them :-

"Estos son oficios que se eligen cada año para la guarda ele las chacaras. Anclan con vnos

peWejos ele Zorra en la cavega, y bordones c0n vnas borlas de lana en la mwno, ayunan aJl tiempc;

que dura el oficio, que es dos meses poco mas o menos, no comiendo sal ni :tgi ni durmiendo con

sus mugeres, y'mudan al hablar la voz, hablando mugeril y a.feLa.clamente."

At sorne places, as Arriaga asserts, the task of these field-guards was to gather

the first cobs of maize, to make a particular strong kind of chicha for offerings.

J. J.

von Tschudi has in his "Beitrage" collected sorne notices of the

pa1·icmas,

and Dr. Max Schmidt has pointed out that they are represented on Peruvian

textiles.

In Huaman Poma's time, he tells us, the

1nistizo chtwclo M6a,

the "mestizo

thief of green cobs," had to be driven away also.

In the ancient religious creeds Huaman Poma is not much versed.

mentions that he has never li.ved among the non-Christianized tribes of Peru. A

very curious picture shows the

Ip.ca

Ttlpac Yupanqui. He has brought together

bis

hucwa

idols and calls them to account for not having sent rain, but frost and

hail ; the guilty should confess it :-

Uacabilcaconcc pim cann cunamccnta ama

pw·ach~tn cazach~tn

ncntochwn ninqui •imacri cha.ylla.

They answer : "As far as \Ve are concerned, "e are innocent, oh Inca ":

manc6m

noccwunc6ca yncc6.

The superstitious ludian is shown surrounded on all sides by animals of evil

presage. " Away with it!" he moans, " I shall die":

astc6yc6 ucmozcwmi.

There is a

great night-butterfly, the

tcwpcmco (tcwnpaCA6).

vVhen it is observed coming in to

tl1e Indian's dwe1ling place, he says to himself:

tapc6C76Y yaycucm t¿anozacmi,

"God

forbid, it comes in, I shall die! " Another ominous sign .suggests to him the

worcls :

nincmina tllrttcta c6yzaycuuc6n uann

tóanonca,

a scorpion is dragging in to

me a spider, it is my wife that shall die !" A fox tearing at his own tail

forebodes death either to the husbancl or to his wife; ancl so on.

Processions are also shown ; the Inca fasting, the burial of a dead Inca and of

other persons according to the custom of the four clifferent regions of the realm ;

ancl the

acclaconas

or chosen

virgin~.

The administration of justice and the infliction of punishment are illustrated by

many pictures. There we meet the

huchc6yoc auqt6i,

the " criminal prince of blood

royal" in prison for trial. His low spirits and his yearning for freedom are expressed

by a song, which Hnaman Poma has added in a corner of the picture ; it runs as

follows:-

Yo,ya,y>ni

apa~can,

uacayrni apauan,

caycan soncoyta.

nacaycosaami.

l!atay lwtaui,

pi1W8-U(1Ci,

uatai-uaci,

auclwriuayÚzc.

"Thinking takes away from me,

Weepiog take away from me,

Just my heart.

I am goiog to kili myself.

Harai haraui,

Oh prison-house,

' Oh fetter-house,

Pray, Jet me loose

Zeitsch.-ift fü•· Etlmologie,

Bd. 42, 1910,

. 161-162.