967 / 1042
1.
·A
w.
945
joindy, they mliahlc, nol
fr, rala
oClhe;r Cem,1 in·
tronIlOi,,"s, hut
fro ,·i,i/i.
28. The wh,·le oi" a d,bIOr's eflm is fubjeéle" 10lhe
p')"IlI<nl of IlIs ", bIs; and thcrrfore, buth his heirs and
exceuturs aré li3hle for them, ,n
a
qutllion with eredi ·
tors; hut as fueeel!ion is by 1.11' dividcdiuto the heritable
and the more"ble cflm, edeh uf lhcfe ought, in a que·
Ilion belwcen the fcveral fu"dlors,
10
bear lhe burdens
",hieh n<tur.dly afl':ét it. Aétion of rdief is aeeordingly
eOmpetenl 10 the heir \Vho h,s paid a mOl'cable debl, a·
gainn the exeeutor; and
vie~
verja.
This rdid is not
eUl olr by the deeeafed 's having difponed eilher his
land·enate or his moveables, wilh lhe burden of his
'Who/t
debts; for Cueh burden is nOl tO be
eonl~rued
as an
alter.tion of Ihe legal fueedlion, bUI, merely as a fanher
Cecurity lO m ditors, unlefs theeontrary Ihall beprefumed
from lhe fpeeial fiyle of the difpofi tion.
Tit. 29. O[
lajl
Heirl
al/d Bajlal'l/¡.
By
our aneient praa iee, feudal granls taken to the
va{J'al, aod 10
a
fpeeial order of heirs, Wilholl! fcnling
Ihe Jafi ternlÍoalion upon
h,irl 'Whatjo,ver,
reluroed 10
Ihe fuperior, upon failureof lhe fpecial heirs lherein con·
laioed, bUl now Ihat feus are become patrimonial righls,
lhe fuperior is, by Ihe general opioion,
hel~
10 be fully
diyefied by fueh grant, and lhe righl dcCcends to lhe
va{J',I's heirs at Jaw. And even where a vaff.1 dies,
\Vithout leavingaoy heir who C30 prove the remotefi pro·
pinquilY to him, il is nOI lhe fuperior, as the old law
/lood, bUI the King, who fueceeds as lafl heir, both in
Ihe herilable and moyeable enate of Ihe deeeafed, in
eonCequence of lhe rule,
~Iod nulli~1
11,
edil domino
R'gi.
~ .
Iflhe I.nds, to \Vhieh theKiog fueeeeds, behold·
en immedimly of himfelf, Ihe property is eonfolidmd
\Vith Ihe fuperiorilY, as if refigoatioo had been made io
Ihe Sovereig'o's haods. If theyare holden of a Cub·
jea, the Kiog,
~
ho eanool be valTal·tO his own fubjeé!,
names a dooatory; who, 10 eomplele bis title, mufl ob·
laio deerte of declaralor ; and thereaflcr he is prcfented
10 the fuperior, by Jwers of prefentatioo from lhe King
uoder the
~uarter.feal,
io \Vhieh the fuperior is charged
10 eoter the donatory. The wholeefiate of lhedeceaCcd
js, in lhis eafe, fubjeaed lahis debls, and
10
lhe \Vido,,'s
. legal proyifioos. Neilher Ihe Kiog nor his donat.ory is
Jiable beyood thevalue of lhefuectllion. Aperfon II'ho
has no heir la fueeeed 10 him, caOOOI alien his heritage
in
Mio,
to the prejudiee of the King, who is iOlitledto [et
afide [ueh deed, io the eharaaer of
u/li1ll"1
han .
3.
fI
baflard eao have no legal heirs, exeepl thofeof,his
o\Vn body ; fio ce lhere is 00 fu ceellioo bUl by Ihe f. lher,
and a b,fl ard has 'no certain f' lher. TheKiogthereíore
fueeeeds
10
him, f,iliog his lall'ful i{J'ue,
as
lall hcir.
Though lhe ball...d, as abfulule propriclOr of his OWO
11I
ate ,
eao difpofe ofh;s heritJge in
luce
P'''f1i"
anrl of
"i! movcables uy . oy deed
;lilu
v;t'OI; yet ho i¡ dif. u!.
d,
I x
"1'...'/"
nala/II/III ,
from bcqucathillg uy te/I.'mellt ,
i,hout Ime,s of
Ic~itim.,tion
flOlII Ihe Sovrre'gn. If
lhe U.fidrd has I.,wíul children, he m"y tdl, "Hhout
f~eh
IUlcrs, . nrl name lUlors alltl curdlO" 10
I,i~ ifl~c,
vo~.
Il,
No.
ú6.
2
Leners of Iegilimation. lel their dau Ces ueel'cr Coflrong,
caooOl enable lhe ba!lu d
10
fuececd 10 his Aalural falher,
10 lheexclufionof lawCul heirs.
4.
Thc legal righls of fucecllion. beiog founded io
marriage, can be d.imed únly by lhofe who are born in
lawfu l marriage; lhe i{J'lIe therefore of an 1I0la wfulmar·
riage are incap. ble of Cueecllion. A baflard is excluded,
J.
Fromhis f,lIher's fueeellioo; beeaufe law knows no
fathcr, who is not marked OUl by marr iage.
2.
From
all herilable lueeellion, whelher by thefalhcr or mothcr ;
beeaufe he cannol be prooouoeed lawful heir by lhe in·
qllcfi . inlerms of lhe brief; aud,
3.
Fromlhe moyeable
fueecllioo oí his mother; for, though lhe mOlher bc
koowo, lhe bafiard is nOl her Ja",ful ehild, aod legiti.
macy is implied io all foeeellion eonferred by law.
A
ballard, though he eaooot fu eeeed
j lm
fa nguiniJ,
may
fueeeed by deflioatioo, where he is fpceially ealled tolhe
fueeellioo by an entail or lena.meo!.
5.
Cenain perrons, lhough boro in lawful marriagc,
are ioeapable of Cueeellión. Alieos are, from Iheir alle·
gianee to a foreigo prioee, ioeapableof fueeeeding in
¡,•.
da/ righll,
WilhoJJl naluralizalion. Children boro in a
foreigo flate, whoCe íalhers were natural born fuhjea s,
and oot altainted, are held 10 be natoral boro fu bjeas.
PerCoos eduealed io, or profelling lhePopilh religon, ir
they nlall negleé!, upoo lheir auainiog lhe age of fifteeo,
10 renounee its doarines by a figoed declaradon, eaooot
fueeeed io
h!f;log' ;
bUl O1uí! give place 10 the oext
Protellant heir, wbo
\ViII
hold thc eflale irredeemab!y, if
the Popiih heir doos nOl, wilhin len years afier ioeur·
ring the irrilaoey, figo
lheJormu/a
prcCeribed by thefia·
tUle
1700,
e,
3.
Tit. 30. O[
Amonl.
HITH ERTO of.
pujom
.od
righlt,
the IWO firfl ob·
jeas of law;
aflionJ
are its third objeé!, whereby pero
fons make Iheir rights elfeé!ual. An aétion may be de·
fined, • demaod regularly made and infifled io, before
Ihe judge eompelent, for lhe attaioing or reeoyeriog of
a righl; aod il fulfers feveral divifions, aeeordiog 10 the
dilTereot natures of lhe righls purfued upon.
2.
Aaions areeither real or
perfon~1.
A real aaion.
is that IVhreh arifes from a righl in the thing itlelf, aod
whieh lherefore may be direl!ed agaiofl all po{J'e{J'ors of
lhal lhiog : Thus, ao.aioo for lhe reeovery, eyen of
a
moyeable fubjca , when foooded ona
jUI
in
", is in lhe
proper aeeeplation real; but rcal aaions are, in vulgar
fpeeeh, eoofined 10 fu eh as are direaed
a~ainfl
heritable
fubjeéts. A
pcrfon~1
aélion is founded ooly 00 anobli·
galion uodemken for the performaoee of COOle faél, or
the delil'Cl'y of Come fu bjel! ; and lhercfore eao be ear·
ried on againfl no olher lhan Ihe
perC~o
obJiged, or his
heirs.
3
Al!ions aretilher orJinary or (( feinory.
AII
ae·
tioos are, in the feo fe of Ihis
dil'ifi~o ,
ordio:l ry, \Vhich
,rre 001rcfeiITory. Refeiffory aétioos
are
ciivi¿ed,
,l .
In·
to
~aions
of proper iOlprobalion
2.
¡laions of renue·
lioo.improbalioo.
3.
Aaiooscf fimpl, rednélion. rro·
per iOlVrohalions, which are b"'''ghl
f~r dcd.rin~
I'Iri·
liogs f,d Cc Or forged, are II c,l
~
of belo,", Til.
33·
l'
1o f
Rcdu,qion·