1000000030

ioch"b the d.ollge fufl. ioed; for ooe is

tr uly

futrerer in Iris pmiruuoi,rl ioterdl by tlrat 1I.lIl1age, as by

tire luli of the fuhjc,q irf, If. lop"o¡I .lélioos, IVhieh al

W¡ys arife

dair¡"

fometlriog is ,Ifo demaoued by IV.y

01' peo¡hy.

15 . Mlioos of fpuilzie, ejellioo, aod iotrufioo, are

penal. Ao .aion of i'puilzie is competent 10 one

Jif–

pnffdl'ed of a n"lve.'.le fubj ea violentlv, or IVirhout or–

d~r

l.\\', acainll rhe perfon drfpofft!fliog: nor onl)' for

lieiog rdlored ro the putreflion of rhe fubjea. if eXlartr,

or lor ¡he valuc. if it be dellroyeJ, hUI a!fofor rhe vio·

kot profils, in cafe Ihe aaion be brought wirhio three

years from Ihe

fpoli~rion.

Ejelliooand iotrufion are, in

heril.ble fubjeéls, whal fpuilzie is in moveables The

ditrmoee bet",een Ihe IIVO fi rn is, rllat io ejea,on, vio·

lenee is ufed; wheTeas the inrnrder eoteTs iOlo the "oid

poffeffion, wirhoul eilher a litlt! fTom tire pToprieloT, or

rhe wmanl 0( . judge Tire allions aTilrng (roru all rhe

time aTe ofIhe I¡megeoeral nalUTe.

16.

The aaion of cootTaVenttOn of law·borrows is alfo

penal.

pTocecdson I:mrsoflaw·borrows, (from

horgh

caurioner), whieh eonraro awarrant 10chaTge rhe paT'

tyeomplained upon, thar he m'Y give fecurilY, nor 10

I¡UIt the complaineT in his perfon, family, or 'ellare.

Thefe leuers do not require rhe previous eilarion of the

party complained upon, becaufe rhe caution which the

1,,111

requires is only for doing what is every man's dury ;

bot,

befor~

rbe lelIers are execoted agaion him, Ihe cQm·

¡ilúner mun

m.ke

oath Ihat he dreads bodily harm from

him. Tite penalty of contrdVention is afwrained tO a

fpeeial fum, according rorhe otrender's quality; the half

10 he applied to the fill<, and Ihe h¡lf ro Ihe complainer.

Contravenlion is oot incurred

Iheorteriog of reproach·

fui IVordl, where they are nut aeeompaoied, either lVith

alls of violeoee, or al lean a real injury: and as the

~aion

is .pena!, it is elided by. any prob.ble grouod of

excufe.

. 11 Penaltles are the confequenCtS of deliél, or mnf·

creffion; aod as on heir oughr 10 beaeeountable for tite

delta of his ancefior, farther rhan tbe injureu rerrnn

mlly fuffered by it, peoal .llioos die wírh the delioquent,

aod

.re

not Iraofmiffible agaioll heirs. Yer rhe allioo,

i'f il has been eommeneed, aod lilifeontened io rhe de·

lioqueor's I,ferime, may be cuorinued agaion the heir,

rhough Ihe delinqueol (hould die duriog rhe depeodence.

Some ,Ilions al<

'tÍ

p"/uulori,,

on the part of rhe. puro

fuer, wbeo he infills for Gmple reílirution; whieh yet may

be pen,1 in rerpea of rhe defender;

t .

rhe allioo 00

Ihe p, ffive ritle 01 vilious iotromiffion, by whieh rhe

pUTruer freq ueody reeovers rhe debl dile tO hirn hy rhe

,Ieee,fed, Ihough

(huuld exeeed the value ofrhe goous

inrermeddled IVirh by Ihedereoders.

18. Tire OIon eelehrored divifiooof allions in our lall'"

is into

p,lilory, f" ff'ffir)',

and

,cI.r.l.ry.

1',lilffY

ollioos are rhof", where

fomerhin~

's d<ollndcd froOl tire

dcf~ndrr,

io co Jequenee or a

rt~hl

of propmy. ,'r of

(rtdrt io rhe purfoer: T hus, aa,oos lor rdlirutl

ntove,~les,

,lli,rns of poioding, of fe:rt heomlng. aod i,.·

derd

,11

perfu,nl aAioos upooeootraéls or qu.r. ell'lI

",q"

~rc plli'~ry.

Po.!

; ;")

aaions are

,Ir"r,

wludl , re

f~unJcd, ellh~r

upoo

p~fl,ffioo

alonc, as fprulms;

'vV.

94 1

upun rotrdT:oo joiocd wirlr anotlrer tirle, as rcmOl'iogs ;.

"oU

di,')'

a:e competeot eirher for getting into

poff~ffioo,

for holding ir, or for reeol'eringir; aoalogous ro rhe io–

ttruills of rhe Romao laIV,

q/lorulII con.rulIJ , uli

/'0IJi

J,.

IÍ/ ,

,od

undr

oi.

r6.

Ao allion of' molenarion is a poffetrory ¡Ilion,

eompeleol ro rhe proprtelor of a land· ellate, .eaion thofe

",lro dinurb his pofrcffioo.

is ehieBy ufed rn quefiioo.

of eomOloOly, Or of eootrol'wed marches. Where

declaTaror 01' propeny is eoojoioed with 3 proeefs of mo–

Idlarion, rhe feffion alooe is eompeteot to rlre allion.

Allions 00 brieves of perambclation, have Ihe (ame leo.

dency

~'ith

molc!latioos,

.iz.

the felrliog of marches be–

tweeo cooterminous lands.

The aaion of mails aod duries is fomelimes peti–

lory, aod fomelimes potreffory. lo either e¡fe, il is di.

relled ag¡ion rhe leoaOIS and oarural pofrcfforl of laod–

ellates, for paymeot 10 thepurfll" of Iherents remaining.

due by them for pan erops, and of the full renl for Ihe

fUlure. Ir is eompeteot. not ooly ro a.proprielor whofe

right is perfelled by feifio, but to a fimple difpooee, feir

a difpofirioo of laods includes

right to rhe mails and

duties; aod eonfequeotly to 30 adjudger, for .ao adjudi–

ca,ion is a judicial difpofillon. lo rhe petitory allion,

tire purfuer, fioee he founds upoo righl, oot potreflioo,.

mul! make the proprietor, from whom rhe tenaotsderive

their righl, party 10 the fuit; and he m.n fuppor! hi,

c1aiOl byt,tles of property or diligeoees, preferableto rhofe

in rhe perfoo of his compelitor. In lhe potr,ffory; the

purfuer, who libels Ihat he, ·his aoeenors or aurhorl,.

have beeo feveo years in poffeffion, and Ihat Ihcrefore be

has the beoefit 01' a poffeffory judgnreol, need produce no,

other tirJe rhao

feifin, wbieh is • title fuffi eieol lomake

the potreffioo of heritage lawful; aod it is enough, if he

calls the natural poffenors, rhough he (hould oeglea Ihe

proprietor.

pofreffory judgmenl founded 00 feven

years poffeffion, io eoofequenceeilher of

feifio or

"ek,

has rhis elfeEl, Ihal though one flrould c1aim uoder a

tid~

preferable to that of thepoffetror,

c¡nool compete wilh

himio Ihe pofrcffion, till io a form al procefs of redu.'1ioa

he (hall ohtain rhe potretror's litle declared vnid .

21.

dtclnrnlDry

allioo is thal, io whieh fome right

is eraved to be declared inf.vour of rhe purfucr, bur 00-

rhing foughr to be paid or perfornr:d by tht! defender,

fueh as declarators of marri¡ge, of irrilaoey, of expiry

of rhe leg¡1reverfioo,

6c.

Under rhis c1afs may be alfo

eomp'rehended refeiffory allions, which, without aoy pero

foo.1eooclufioo 3Caion Ihe defender, reod fimply ro fet

afiJe the righrs or wriliogs libelled, io coofequeoee of

whieh • eoolrary right or immunilY arifts ro rhe pur–

fuer.

D~erees

upoo allioo thar are properlydeclaratory

eoofer no oew righr; Ihey only decl;re wh¡t was rlre

pllrrUe" righr before, aoel fa have • rcrrofpell 10 rhe

perro" al whieh thu right firn eomOleoeeJ. D,c1m–

Ion,

~eeaufe

rhey

h.ve

00 perfonaleonclufioo agaion rhe

dt frn~",

roay loe pttr(tted agaion an¡PP Irenl heir IVnlrout

• previollscharge gil'en hilO tOeoter 111 Iris aneenor; uo.

Ids

",he' e fpeci.1eireumn.oees

re~llire

a elrnrgc.

2~ .

Ao allion for proviog rhe reoor. whereby a "'ri–

liog, \\ hieh is ddlro)ed or amiffing, is eodc3\'C,¡ ro he

fel rved, is io elfell declararory. lo

O~ll:~arillos

rhal

are

cxlingltiflllb!e