1000000030

968 / 1042

L ¡\
Redll,'lion improb.lIi~n i! an aa ion, wh~r~hy a perfon
who m~y be hlln or ;tO'cétcd by a wriling, inlill¡ fur pro–
ducinS or cxlnhilin~ '1 in coun, in order 10 h.,'<il ret
o. ils dln'l Jfccmined, und. r Ihe cCllific'liun Ih~t
lhe wrilin~, il nOI prodoced. nlall be declared falfe and
forged. T his cerllficJtion is a 6{lion of I.w, inlrodoced
tlUllheprodu{tion of wrilings m,y b~ Ihe OIore effeétud lly
forced, and dwrefore il operms only in f,vour of lhe
purfuer. Rec.luf, Ihe lummons in Ihis .{lion proceeds
on alitdJed ~rounds 01' fJllehood, 11ISM"jel!y's Ad"o
Cate, who is lhe public p'OrCC\1lor of crimls, mul! con–
eur in i,.
4. As the Ihis procefsdr~ws afler it fo
heavyeonrequenees. two terms are affigneJ lO lhe de–
fenders for produaion. Afler lhe recond lerOl is elapfed,
inlim~lion mul! be judicially 10 lhe defender, 10 fa–
lisfy Ihe produ{lino wilhio len dAy, ; and 1I11 1hefe are
expired, no cenification can be pronounced ·
tion cannol pafs againl! decds m orded in Ihe books of
Seffion, if lhe defender (hall, before Ibe fecond term, or·
fer a condefcendence of Ihe dales of Iheir regillralion,
'lnlers falfehood be objeélcd; in which cafe, lhe original
mul! be broughl froOl lhe record 10 Ihe cour!. BUl ao
extrall from lhe inferior court is no bar 10 cenific¿lion;
Ihe priDcipal writin; m"1! be bid before the C?urt of Sef·
Gon on a proper wamnl.
S. In an aétion of Gmple redu{tioo the certific_tion is
only temporary, deelaring the wrilings ealled for, null,
until lhey be produced; ro lhu they mover lheir full
Torce afler produllion, even agaiol! the purfuer himrelf ;
for whieh re.fun, lhat procefs is now h:ldomufed. Be
caufe its cmiGcatioD is not fo fevere as in –
probation, there is but 00 lerm affigoed tOthe defender
for produciog the dceds called foro
6. The moll ufual grounds of redullioos of writiogs
are, the""aot of the requiGte folemoiti.-, ; lhatthe granter
was mioor. or intercliéted, or iohibited; or lhat he Ggn–
eJ the deed oodeath bed, or was compelled or frighteoed
ioto il, or was circumvented; or that he graDtcd it io
prejudice of hi! Iawful c:cdaors.
7. lo reduétions 00 Iheheld or force, or fear, or fraud
aod circum.enlion, the purfuer mul! libel the parti–
cularcircumllances from which his allegalion i, tobepro·
ved. Reduétion is nOI competent upon el'el'y desree of
force or fnr; it mul! b: f"ch as would (h,ke a mao of
coollancy and rerolution. Neilher is it competenl, 00
Ihat fear which arires (rom the jull aUthority ofhulbands
or parents over Iheir wives or childrto. nor upon the
fm ariGog from Ihe regular execlltiooof lawfuldiligeoce
by caplion, provided the d:eds granted uod"r Ih. t
re1m 10 lhe gronnd oCdebl com,ined in the dllj~eoce ;
bUI if Ihey have no relatioDto tl\JI debt, they al'~ redu–
c,bleex me/u• .
8. AI,en.tions sraoted by deh,or! afler contra,9i n~ of
I.wful debtl. in lavour of conjuna or conlident PCIlOl\!,
wilhout jul! and neceffary c.,ufes, and ",i,hoUt a ¡ull
p,ice really rai~ . are null. On~ '.' ,Iernml A prior ~re.
Jilor, whole gl'Ound of debl cXlllcd h, fOle Ihe IIght
gr Inl~d hy Ihe dcblOr; I nnu ~h IhelI'rimn "ouchcr 01Ihe
"ebl II"),,I.} h:" a dHe poll .. rinr lu it \'ell,,"; .". •c·
(.)Unh.J conj~ll~¡, wl!o(c r..:Lt'lt/,l to dI!: ür.u\t\!r I~ fu
W.
ncar, as to bar themrromj"clging io. h:; caufe. ConG–
delll perfons ;re lhofe ",1,0 ' ppear to be in the granter's
conr.d, nce, by bring cmrloyeJ in his . ff.irs, ur aliout
his perlon ; as a Jucr, lIewdfd, Or dOO1dlic [ervant.
9· Rignls. lhough graluiluus, are 00\ reducible, ir .he
nrJOIer had, al tI,. ddle lhereof, a [uRiciem fund for
Ihe payment o[ his c.edilors . Provir.oos to ch"dren are,
io Ih< judgmeot of law, graruilous; lo Ihat Ihei , elfd l,
in a qudlion IVith ereditors, depends on lhe fol veocy of
Ihe granlll': But fculeOlents 10 wives, either in mar–
coolrJéls, or even a[,er ,"miage, are onerotls, in
fo far as they are r. tioual ; and confequeotly are nOI re.
duclble, eveo lhough the graoler was iorolvent. This
rule holds alío in wlon.1 toche,s coom{led tO hulbaods:
Hm il mull, in all carel, be qualified wilh Ihis limitalioll,
ir /h. infolvencJ .¡ /h~ gran/u 1J.taI n./pub/iel)' lm1JJn ;
for i[ it was, fraud is prelum:d io Ihereceiver úf the righl,
by cootraéting with thebJnkrupt.
lb. The receiver of the deed, if he be a coojuna or
conr.dent perfon, mul! allruét or fupport lhe ooe.ous
caufe ofhis right, not merely by his OIVO oalh, bUI by
fome circumllances or idmioicles, But where a right
is granted 10 a IIraoger, the nmati"e of it expreffiog
an onerous caufe, is fufficieot pe'ft 10 fecure it againl!
reduétioo.
11 . AlI volllnlar; paymeril! or risl 15 made by abaok–
rupt to one credilor, to difappoint Ihe mOre timeous di–
ligtoce of another, are red uc,ble at the inl!ance of Ibat
credllor ",ho has ufed the prior diligence. A mditor,
though his dili~ence be bUI beguo by citatioo, may infil!
io a reduétion of QlI pollerior voluntary right! granted 10
his prejud,ce; bUI Ihe creditor who negl<éts to complele
his begun diligence within a rea:ooable time, ií Got io–
titled 10 redllce any riSht granted by the debtor, afler
the time that the diligeoce is coofidered as abandoned.
r2. A prohibited alieoalion; when conveyed by the
recei"er 10 another who is DOt pril'y 10 the fraud, fub–
Glls io the perron of thebona fid. purchafer. lo ,he cafe
of movcablerights, Ihis nullily is receiv.ble by exception;
bllt it mul! be deelmd by reduétioo, where Ihe "Sh l is
heritable.
13. By aa 1696, C. í. all alieo,lioosby a bankrupI,
withio GXly days befure his bankr~p:cy, 10 ooe credilo r
io preference 10 another, .are reduc,ble, at Ihe inlboce
c ..en of ruch co/credilOrs as had not ufed the leal!llep of
diligence. A bdnkrupt is Ihere dcfcribed by Ihe rol-
10IVing chmélcrs; diligence ured againíl him by hOl ning
. nd "ption; and iorulvency, joiocd ei,ha wilh imrri–
fonment, rctiriog to the fao{luary, ab!conding. or for–
cibl y defeocling hllllfclf fromJdigcI:ce. 11 is ("l1i,i. lit
tila! a "ptioll is raifcd againll lhe deblOr, lholll:h il be
not excculed. prol iJed he hAS r<lired 10 Ih"n it. 11 is
prOlidcJ, lhat alJ helilable booJs or l i~l\lS on whirh I~ i·
lin ma)' foll,,,I', fllalJ be rtckone,l, in.1 q".'!lilln ",i,h ,hc
grantl'r's other cleditOrs upon this al') , 10 b.: of tlw 11 tI?
ni Ihl' r,ifi n r\lllvwln~ Ih'''<1n. BUI Ihis .1111'.'5 (IIulld
10 rd.t\¡,; ohl" tu !...curitlt:s for fonntI d:bts, .In~! ro",,' tv
IIIJT·.I /;';.j,(IJ ,'
14. :\.:ons ~ rc dil'idcd in:o ....i tr,.(...."/ "¡.r. an.l,. , .
IId/: r. By Ihe ,i,.lI, Ihe 1""li,.·,. ¡ulills d:: t.l ,, :,1<', '
lhe f~hJc:1 Ih.:115IIIS, 1" I!I: d .~1 CII: 1\1 h,m; "",1.:·i.
i!l,!;'J' s