1000000030

cf Ere

a~lIalll'

exinill&

priocipl~

io Ihe comroGlino

uf budies, aod Ihofe which il CXlllblls wheo cxilling le–

p,r.mly ao,1io ils oalural Hale: oor IldI'e proper d"lill''l

appd1.mons beco deli¡:ned lOil in Ihole dilfcreol Clrellm–

n,oc~s.

lo Ihe lauer Ilale we m,y proprrly glve il Ihe

n,m~s

of fire, mmer uf Ihe fun, 01 liehl, aod of heal ;

and

Ola)'

(onlider il as a fubU"n.:e compofed of ioGoilcly

óu.1I parudcs, conlioually agHAted by

mol! rapid mo–

li,lO, aO\I of eoofequeoee

eflcnli~lIy

fluid.

This fubllaoce, oi' whieh

lh~

luo may be ealled lhe

;¡~o,ral

"fer\'oi r, fetms

flow ioce{f.ody from lhal

l,)urce. di{fuGoe ilfdf over Ihe \Vorld, aod Ihrollgh all

tI'e

bodies we koo\V; bUl nOl as a priociple, or clreOli,,1

pIrl of Ihem, lioee lhey may be dcpril'ed lhereof, at

I,al! in a great meafure, WilhoUl fu{feriog aoy decompo–

fi lioo. The grealeH change produeeo 00 Ihem, by il!

prefeoce or ils abfeoce. is Ihe reodering lhem fl uid or

f(,lid : fo thal all olher bodies may be dcemed naturally

(nhd; fire a"lOe e{feolially fluid, aod lhe principie of

fl uidilY in olherl.' This being preful'pofcd, air ilfelf

n,ight bccume lolid, if il (ould be COllltly depriwed of

Ihe lire il (oolaios; as bodies of nloll dillicull fufioo be–

C\1>ne fluid,

w~eo

peomaled by a fullícitO! qllanlÍly of

IhepUlides of lir:.

üoe oi' Ihc d>Ícf propenies of Ihis pure ore is 10 pe–

nelrJle eafily lOtO all bodles, and lO dl{fufe ilf,lf among

Ihlm lI'ilh a Ion of uoiformilY aod cqualily: for if a

h" led bcdy be coOliguous 10 a cold one. Ihe former

enmmuni" les

Ih~

laII.r all ils excefs of hcal, cooling

cxaa proponion as Ihe olher warms, lill bOlh come

h" e Ihe very fame degree of heal. lIeal, however,

is nalurally communicable fooocn 10 Ihe upper pans of a

buJ)'; and

conl~(luendy,

when a body cools, Ihe uoder

ns become ,foontn eold.

ha,h beeo obrerved, for

mllaoce, that Ihe 10l\'er eXlremily of a hwed body,

frtely fufpended in Ihe air, erows col{Coooer Ihao lhe

ui'per; and Ihat when a

of iroo is red· hol al one

clld, and cold al lhe olher, Ihe cold eod is much fooner

hem d by placing Ihe bar fo Ihat Ihe hOI end may be

undtrmolt, than wheo Ihal end is lurned uppermon.

Thc le\'ily of Ihe mmer of fire, aod Ihe vieinity of Ihe

earlh. m.,y pollibl y be Ihe caufes of Ihis pheoomenon.

Aoolhtr properly of lire is

dilm all bodies iOlO

II'hi,h il peowaICs. Thi, halh already beeo Ihewn lVilh

r'e"d

air and 1I'31er

and it produces lhe fame e{feél

oo.arlh.

hr. is Ihe mon powerful

ag.nt

we can cmploy 10 de–

compofe botli,

aOll lhe grealcn degr.e of

h.al

prOllu–

e'ble by man, is Ih,1exeiled by Ihe rays of Ihc fu ncol–

leélcd In Ihe focus of a large buroioe·glafs.

¡he

PHLO CIS TON.

",hal halh bteo (.11d coocerning the oature of

fire. il is ev,deody Impollible lor us 10 fix aod conGoe il

in aoy body. hl Ihe pheoomeoa auendiog Ihe combu–

Ilion of

IO~Amm.ble

boJi" IhewIhal lhey really conlaio

Ihe Olllllr 01 fire a5 a cuollilueol prioeiple. By \Vhal

mcch. r¡lm Ih:o is lhis flUId, fo Cublile, fo aaive, fo

dl,licull 10 coofioe, fo cap.ble of peoetraling iOlo evcry

oUler fu)U. nce

nalure, (o fixed as tO mlke a com-

pnnent pan

Ihe mon 1;llid hodics

I h

is 00 cafy m,(

ler

give a falisr.lélory !lor",cr lO Ihis

~udlio~.

BUI,

widlOlIt prmodiog lOguefs Ihe caufe of Ihr phcoomeooo,

lel us rdt cuntelllcd \\ ilh Ihe ceminly of lhe f"q, lhc

koolVledge of II'hich will "ndouhlcdly procure us confi–

dmble ,dvanlages. Lel us Ihercfore (x.mioe Ihe pro–

.l'trlies 01'

firc

Ihus fi xed and become a pliociple 01' bo–

'O,,,.

To Ihis fuhll,oce, in order lO dilhnr.uifll il from

p"re aoo unlixed fire. Ihe

chemin~

have anióntd lhe pe–

culiar lide of Ihe

Phlogij/?n,

IVhich is i. deed no olher

dIJO a

reek word for lhe inAamm.lble maller;

w~ich lalt~r

name, as lVell .as by Ihal of Ihe fulphureou!

pnnclple, 1I

alfo fomcllmes cal"'d.

diffm from

elementary Gle io lhe follolVing paniculars. l. When

uoimllO a body, il commlloiCales 10 il ocilh" heal por

lighl.

prOlluces no chMge in ilS

II.II~

\VhelllCr u(

folidilY or Ruidil)' ; fo lhal

folid boov does nOl be–

come fluid by the acecllion of Ihe phlor,i'non and

"ice

ver/a;

lhe Colid bodics lOIVhich il is joined beiog only

rcndered

lherl~y

mOre apl lO be fufed by Iht fOlee

Ihe tulioar)' fire.

We can convey il from Ihe body

"'Ilh wlllch il is joiocd inlO aoolher body. fo Ihal it

1h~1I

enler iolO tI,< eumpofilioo Ihercof, and ,ell\din fix–

ed in il.

Ihis omfioo hOlh lJ'efc bodies, lhm ",hich il de–

prived of Ihe ph!(1giHoo aod Ih.1 \Vhich reeeives it, un–

dergo

coolidmble ahmlioos; and il

Ihi5 lal!

circumll.nce io panicular Ihal ubliecs us 10

dinio~uilh

Ihe phlogiHon from pure fire, Md 10 eoofidtr il as Ihe

clemenl of 6re eombined with fome olher fubnJnce,

which ferves it as a bafis for conniluling a kind of fecon –

dary prin(iple

For if Ihere \Vere no dl{fcrence bel",ctn

Ihem, we Ihould be able lO inlroduce and fi x pure fire

ilfelf where·ever lVe can inlro uce and fix Ihe phlllgiflon:

yet tI"s is whal we can by no means do, as will 'ppear

from experimenls 10 he afler\Vards produced.

Hitheno chemilts have oever beeo'able

ob"io Ihe

phlngiHon quile pure, and free from emy olher fub–

naoce: for Ihere are but 1\1'0 ways of fepamiog it from

a body of which il makes a pan ; to lVil,

~ilher

byap–

plying fome olher body wilh which il ma)' uoile Ihe mo–

meol

quils lhe farmer; or elfe by calci"ing aod burn–

iog Ihe compound from which you defire 10 fever il.

11\

Ihe former cafe, il is evidem Ihal we do 001 get lhe phlo–

gillon ')y ilfelf, becaufe it onll' pafl'es from one combi–

oalioo ioto another; aod in Ibe Lller, il is enlirely dif–

fipmo ioIhedecompofilion, fo Ihal

pan ofil canpolli–

bly be fecured.

The inRammabililY of

body is an infallible fign lhal

il comaios a phloginou; bUI froma body's nOI bcing in–

fl~mmJble,

il cannol be infcrred IhJt il

tom~ins

none ;

for experimenl5 have demonnmed, thal cenaio metals

abound lVilh il, which yet are by no mcao! inri.mnMble.

We have nolV delivered wlm IS moll necclrary to be

koown coocerning Ihe principies of b",lies in géncral.

They have many olher propenies befide. Ihofe above–

mcmiooed ; bUI lI'e canool prop<::!y rakc nouee of Ihem

hcre, becaufe Ihey prefuppolc an

acquaiol~nce

\Vilhfome

mher things relaling 10 bodies, oí whidl

\Ve

hal'c hll:,erto

faid nOlhing, inlending 10 Irut of Ihem in Ihe fcqud as

occafion fll311 olTer. We

Iba!!

only obfcrrc in t!;::

r'm,

dIal