1000000030

G U N

757 )

G U N

il wilh pow,ler. Thal on Ihe Idl fmhcs Ihe powder

fr~m

Ihe titile magazine, aod

hll!

Ihe laOlt'o or I.dle

which his comrade hulds ; .fler wh,ch, he minds Ihat

the malch be very wcllli¡;hled, and rc. dy 10 fel li:e 10

lhe piece al Ihe hrll commaod of Ihe ollicer.

There mull be ¡hree foldier! 00 the righl. and Ihree

on Ibe leCt of ,he

piec~.

The I\VO firll 10 lake care 10

fam aod rpunge Ih. piece, each on his fideo The ramo

mer aod fpuoge mull be placed on Ihe leCl, aod Ihe lao·

tero or ladle 00 Ihe rig.,I. Afler having rammed well

Ihe wad pUl over Ihe po\Vder, and Ihal pUl over Ihe bul–

let, they Iheo lake <!ach a handCpike, whi,ch Ihey paCs

belIVeeo Ihe foremo(l Cpokes Of the whee! . Ihe ends

wbmof IVill

pArS

unJer Ihe head of the carriage, 10

nlake the whcel luro round, leaniog 00

Ih~

olher eod of

!he haodrpike, lowards Ihe embralure. .

is Ihe office of Ihe fecood Coldier on Ihe righl, 10

provide Ivad, aod 10 pUl il iOlo Ihe piece, as \Vdl over Ihe

I'owder as over the bullel ; aod ,hat

his comrade 00

Ihe leCI, 10 provide 50 bullels, aod every lime lhe pi<ce

10 be charged, tO felch one of Ihem and pUt il iOlo Ihe

piece, after Ihe powder has beeo rammed. Then Ihcy

bOlh take each ao handCpike, which Ihey paCs under Ihe

biod part of the whee!, 10 pulb it io

~me

ry.

T he 0f1icer cf artillery mul! lake care 10 bave the piece

diligently rerved.

In Ihe nighl he mu(l employ Ihe guoners and roldiers,

'fIho Iball relieve Ihore who have rer,ved 24 hours 10 re–

pair Ihe embrarurcs.

If Ihere be 00 waler near Ihe bauery, care mufl be

takeo 10 have a calk filled wilh it, 10 dip Ihe Cpunges io

it,

and cool the pieces. every leo or Iwelve rounds,

The Mo

RTAR

is a Ibon piece of ordnaoce, thick aod

wlde, proper for Ihrowiog bombs, carcalfes, Ibells,

/Iones,

&e.

There are chieBy 1..,0 kinds of mortars: the ooe huog

()r mouoled on a carriage with low IVheeh, aher the

manner of guns, called

pendwI

hanging

t¡/orlaT/;

Ihe

other 6xed 00 ao irnrnoveable

~Ce,

called

jlanrJing

/IIor-

1m.

(ihid.)

At the head of Ihe bore, or chafe of the monar, is

the

chamb~r

for the charge of the polVder. This is uCu ·

a1ly made cyliodrical, al! but the baCe which they make

hemiCpherical: though fome of the later eogioeers prefer

bemiCpherical chambers; as the furface of thoCe being

leCs. under equal capacilies, make lefs refinaoce to the

gun·powder.

The thickneCs of Ihe monar aboul the chamber, is tO

be much grealer Ihao about Ihe chaCe, by reaCoo the

gon·powder makes a m"ch greater effon aboul Ibe cham–

ber lhan etCewhere. The diameter

the cha01ber 10 be

Dluch leCs Ihan lhal of Ihe bore ; by reaCoo bombs, Ibells,

cre,

are much lighm than Ihe hallets of equal diamelC<S,

and cQnCequently leCs powder Cullices.

The firll mortar piece uCtd for IhrolViog nones, weighs

commooly 1000 lb. aod ",hoCe Ui010n random is ISO fa·

lhoms, loaded wilh tl'/O pOllnds of powder; it

h~s

¡oches of diamcter at itl moulh. and

root 7 iocRes io

hei~hl.

ThF deplh of il! bore or chafe is 1 fool 7 iochts. and

tbe deplh of iu ehamber, wilhout including the entraDce

VOL .

JI.

No.

58.

whe' e Ihe

t~mpino

is placed, BiDehes. The tauril!oo,

h.,ve 5inches of di.meler.

The chamber mul! enter .n ioch inlo Ihe tourillons

lhe thickoeCs of Ihe mml aboul the chamber, 3 ioches

the thickneCs of the beUy, 2 inehes ;

~nd

the lenglh of

Ihe chafe, I inch and

aboul eleh ring, I ioch and {.

Mortars, for IhrowlOg bombs, are of Ceveral kiods.

111ere are Come in Ihe ancieot manne

of 6. 7, 8" 9,

10, I 1, 12, and 18 inches diameter al their mou,h, aod

which coolaio in tlteir chambers 3, 4, }' 6, ;md 12

pouod, of powder.

The chamber where Ihe powder is pUl is cylindrical,

and a lillle rounded al bOllom,

Thofe Df "ew inveolioo have • concal'e chambcr. And

of theCe time are 'Come which have 12 joches aod

the moulh, aod cootaio in Iheir dlamhers 18 pounds of

pOlVder; olhen 12, and OIhers ,8.

The proporti()flS of mortan

ar~

:\S

follo'." : The monar

which Ih,o\\'s a bomb of 17 ioches 10 lines of diameter,

has the bore

27~

inches long.•nd 18 ioches 4 lines of

diameler: il has in thickneCs betlVee'n Ihe bourelet, aod

its C01311 reinforced ring,

incites; iu linal! reinforced

riog, is 3-1- ioches thick

ils great ooe, 4 ioches; the

eomnce

its chamber has

ioches of diameter; the

chamber, io

Corm

of apear, is 13 inches 10Dg, and

7.1.

inches

diamcler at its greate(l breadlh; IDd alCo

Ihick, and comaios 12 pounds

po't'der.

The lourilloos

Ihe mOrlar have 32 iDches in lenglh

from one end 10 Ihe olher, ano 9 of djameter, The

mortar has in height 4 foot 4 inches.

The bomb has '? inches IQ lines of diameter, is 2

inches thick every where, except Ihe bOllom, which has

inches 10 lines, The apenure of tite 10uch.J¡0le is

20 lines Wilhio and withoul.

The bomb coolaios 481b.

powder, aDlI weighs 49o'lb.

;md a liltle more.

The bore Df the coocave mortar, whoCe chamber COD–

tains 18 pounds-of powder, has 12"t inches of diameler,

:md is 18';' iDches Ipng.

has in thickners betlVeen·the

boure!et, aod ils reinforced riog,

inches; and irs

reinforced ring is

ioches lhick. !ts chamber has 9

ioches 7 lines of d,ameter at ilS greale(l \Vidlh: the

higher pan Ihereof has

inches

diameter, aDd 4 inches

in hejghl; and ils 10IVer par! 2';' ioches. The thjckoers

of Ihe metal rouod the chamber js of 26 inches 9 liDes.

The 10Ulilloos have, from one end tO Ihe other, 8 inches

diame:er. The mortar has io heighl 3 feet 5 inches

4 Iioes

throws a bomb of I1 ioches 8 lines diammr,

which is I inch 4 lin('S Ihick every where, except at il!

tullO!, which has I inch 8 lioes. The apenure of ils

touch hole is 16

lin~s

iofide and ou,fide. Tohe bomb

contajns 15 'pouods of powder, and weighs 130 pounds,

or thereabollt.

The bore or éh¡Ceof lheconcave mortar. whoCe eham·

ber coolams 12 pounJs of

po~'der,

has 12 inches'Ó liml

of diameter, aOO I? inches 6 lines io leogth.

lis

Ihick·

ncCs betweeo Ihe bourelet and il! reinforced ring, is of

ioches !ts rcinforced riog is 3 ioches lhick. lIS

ch~mber

1m of diameler, at its grcatcfl \Vidlh, 9 inches

6 li ocs The pOllioo

that chambcr a·top h:ri Sinches

4 lines of diammr, and 2 iDehes

buttom. The

Ihic~-

8 E

JIfIA