1000000030

~haio· bullets

eoofin of two halls joined by a ehaio,

three or four foot a parto

Braoch hullm are two halls joioed hy a har ofiroo,

Ji,e or fix ioehes a-parto

Two-headed bullets, ealled alfo angels

heiog two

hal~es

of a bullet, joined by a har or ehdio: thefe are

ehiefty ufed at fea, for euuiog of éords, eahles, Cails,

&c.

As bullets, as wdl as the pieecs of ord oaoee, are of

differeot caliher, wbieh ealiber, io a pieee of ordoanee,

is the diameter of the mouth mercof; aod io a buJlet, its

eireumfereoee; there are meaos flluod to proponioo theCe

two calibe... to ooe aoother,

viz.

with ao inlhumeot eal–

led a ealiber·rule. wherein a right lioe is fo divided, as

Ibu the firn part beiog equal to the diameter of ao iroo

or leadeo ball of ooe pouod weight, the other parts are

lO the

6rfi,

as the diameters of balls of

t~o,

three. four,

ó,.

pouods, are to the diameter of ooe baU of ooe

ponod.

The Cólliber confills of tlVO thio pieees of hraCs. fix

ioches Jong, joioed by a rivet, fo as to move quite rouod

eaeh other: the head, or ooe eod of me pieee, is eut

circular, aod ooe half

its eircumfereoce divided ioto

uery feeood degree. 00 the other halC are divifioos f,om

ooe to un ; eaeh agaio Cubdivided ioto fou

the ufeof whieh

diviGoos aod fubdivifioos, is wheo the diameter of a bul–

let,

be.

oor.exeeediog teo ioehes. is takeo, Ihe diameter of

me femicircle wiN, amoog the di,ifioos, give the length

of the diameter, takeo betlVeeo Ibe poiolS of Ibe ealibers,

.iD

ioehes aod founh pans.

The degrees 00 the head ferve to take Ihe quaotity

of ao aogle, Ihe melhod of whieh is obvious.

Ihe

aogle be inward, apply the outward edges to tbe planes

Ibal Corm the aogle; Ibe degree cut by Ihe diameler of

Ihe femieircle. /hews Ihe quaotity of Ihe aogle Coughl.

For ao oUlward iogle, open the braoches tiU Ibe poiots

be outward, aod applying Ihe nreigbt edges to Ihe plaoes

Ibu form Ihe angle, Ihe degrces CUI by Ihe diameter of

Ihe femicircle filew the aogle required; reekoniog from

180

towalds Ihe right haod.

00 or.e braneh of Ihe cal,hm, 00 Ihe fa me fide, are,

fira, fix ioehes; aod eaeh pf theTe fubdivided iOlo leo

pam. Secoodly, a Ccale of uoequal divifions, begiooiog

al IWO. and eodiog al leo, eaeh CubJivided ioto (our pam.

Thirdly, two other fcales of lioes, /hewiog, IVheo ths

diammr

Ihe bore of a pieee is takeo with Ihe poiols

of the calibers OUlwards, the oame of the piece, whe–

Iber of tbe iroo or bra(s,

the weighl of the bullel

it carries, or Ibat il is fueb or fueh a

pouod~r,

from ooe

fonY 'lwo pouods.

On Ihe othtr braoeh 'of Ihe ealibm, 00 the fdme fide,

lioe of eords 10 .haut Ibrce ioehes radius ; and a lioe

Ot lioes 00 both hraoehes, as 00 Ihe (e80r; IVilh a lable

of the oaines of the

f~veral

pieees of ordoaoee. 00 the

f~me

face is a haod

gr~ved,

and a right lioe dra':l'0 from

Ihe fioger towards the centre of the mel, O\ewing, hy its

cuttiog eemín divifioos m. de 00 th. ci,cle, Ih. IVcight

itoo /hOt, wheo the diameler is I.keo by Ihe poiots

Ihe c.libcrs.

Laflly,

00 the eirele

head, 00 Ihe

fame fideo . re graveu (everal gcoDlwical figures, infcri–

btd in.eaeh other, witlo oumbc!5;

aeuhe,whofeGde

fup.

755

pofcd ooe

f~ot;

a pyramid on tbe fame hafe or akilude.

and thc proponions of their weight,

&c.

(phere in–

fcribed in a eube;.

cylioder, eooe, eircle, fqoare.

&c.

The outfide of the caliber ferves 10 take the diammr

of tbe mouth of the pieee; aod tbe iofide, ealled tbe

heel, Ihat of the bullet.

There is "<loother mcthod of lakiog Ibe "Iiber of the

pieees, whieh is tO have a rule very weU divided, on

whieh are graved tbe ealibers bOlh of the pieees aod.

hullets. That rule. mun be applied 00 Ihe Dlouth of Ihe

pieee. aod Ihe ealiher is prefeotly found.

Sometimes, io lieu of hullets, the pieees are eharged

with eartouches, whieh are eafes loaded with mulket-balls,

nails, ehaios, and pieees of old iroo ; fometimes, alfo,

wilh fmall eaooon-balls. See Plale

XCVIII.

There are eanouehes made io form of grapes, whieh

~re

mulkel-balls joined together with piteh, aod difpofed

00 a fmall board, io a pyromidal form rouod a \\'ooden

lIiek, whieh a\ifes from the middle of Ihe board.

(ibil.)

The eartouebes made of tio are the ben, beeaufe they

carry funher.

There are alfo eartouches made in (orm of pine.apples,

whofe figure is pyramidal. Their bafe i. equat to the ca.

liber of a bullet, propofed. for tbe Fieee Ihey are to be

fired with; their height is of a ealiber aod a balf; they

~re

dipped io

lar,

aod afterlVards rolled 00 mulket-balls,

aod wheo wel! eovered wilh thof. balls, dipped agaio iD

Ihe fame tar, afler wbieh tbey may he u(ed, Ihruaiog

the biggen foremon ioto the pieee. Thefe pioe-apples

are , ery good at fea, he'caufe, beGdes that lhe mulket-halls

Eyiog about wouod a great oumber of people, the hullet

whieh is al the bonom of tbe eanoucb does lIlfo mueh

execution.

There are feveral fons of

earri~ges

for ordnaoee,

viz~

ballard earriages, with low wheels, and high wheels.

Sea,earriages, made in imitalion of thofe for /hip guos :

and emiages for fidd-pieecs, of IVhieh there ara tIVO

kiods

The earriages muO he proponiooed 10 Ihe pieees mount–

ed 00 them.- The ordloary proportioo is, for the ear·

riace to hlve

I-}

of Ibe length of the guo; the wheels 10

he half Ihelength of the pieee

heigbt; fllll( times the

diameter 01 eal,her, gives Ibe depth of Ihe pl.nks tbe

f~re

end, io the middle

3f.

The pieee thus mouoted on in carriáge, feveral inaru>

meotll are employed. lome

plepdre the pieee 10 be load–

ed, fome 10 load il, othcrs to point it. aod. 0110

cleanfe it,

Tho(e inaruments have eaeb tbeir pro–

per o,me. whieh are

follolVs:

he laotcro or I,dle

(ibid.)

whieh fmes 10 carry Ihe

pOlVder intu the pieee, and IVhoch eQofills of tlVO pam .

viz.

of a wooden box, appropriated tO the " Iiber. of tloe pieee

fo~

whicl, ,t is iOlended, and of

ealiber aod a h,lf io

leog,h wilh ils vem; aod,

o.f

pieee of eopper o¡¡led tO

Ihe box, al the heig"t of a

h.lf

diber.

Thos I"otero mul! have three e"libm and

half io

leoglh, and twOealihers io brcadth, beillg rouoded

the

eod tOload, he ordinary pieees.

The "OlO,cr.

(il,id.)

"hieh is a round pieee of 1V00d,

comononly

e~Ued

hox,

f~(lcocd

10 a

!I,d

tIVelvc fOOl

loog,