1000000030

559 / 1042

F 595 F s
tbm is not ~ fund of uufincls to hrcld and employ
f~amen, \Vithnut any expcnee 10 Ihe publie ; and no
traJ~ is fo well CAlculmJ for m ining "p thefe ufdul
memhers of Ihis roei~t)', as liOleries.
The fitualion of the Britilh eoans is Ihe moll adran.
ugeous for carching lilh in Ihe \Volid: Ihe Scoltlfh
illands, pmicularly Ihole \O Ihe nortl: and \Vell, lie
mo/l eommodious lor earrying on the fillltng trade 10
perteélion; for no eountry in EurQpe can prelend \O
confe up 10 Seotland in Ihe abundanee of Ihe finen fifh,
",ilh whieh ils .arious ereeks, bays, ri.ers, lakes, and
eoan are re d. King Charles 1. was fo l"enfible
of the greal tage 10 ue derived fromfifh eries, rhal
he began Ihe experiment, tOgelha wirh a eompany of
merehanl! : bUI Ihe civil \Vars foon oeeafioned Ihal pro·
jeél 10 be fel afide. King Charles !l. made a hke al·
lempl ; but his prefling \Vants made him wilhdra\V \Vhat
money he had employcd that way, whereupon themer·
ch~nts Ihat joined \Vilh him did fo 100. Sinee Ihe u·
nion, feveral atlempts have been made 10 retrie.e the
filheries, ~nd a corporalion feuled to Ib~1 effd l, enli·
tled the Roy.1 Briulh Fifhery.
rn Ihe ym r750, Ihe parliament of Great Brilain
taking Ihe /lare of Ihe fifheries inlo eon/ideration, ao
aél was paffed for Iheeneour~gemenl of Ihe",hile·her·
riog fifhery, granling ~ eh~rter, whereby a eorpomioo
is ereated, lO eonlinue t\Venly one years, by tbe name
of the Soeiely of Ihe Free Brilifh Fifhtry, to be un·
der Ihe direélioo of a go.ernor, prefidenl, vieeprefi.
deot, eouneil, &c. who are tO eonlinue in ofliee the
Ipace of three years, with power 10 make bye.laws,
&c. aod 10 raife ,a capital of íOo,ooo 1. by way of
fubfcriptioD. And aoy number of perfons, II'ho, io
any pan of Great Brilain, /hall fubfcribe 10,000 1.
iOlo Ihe Ilock of Ihis focielY, und e name 01' Ihe
Filbing Chamber, and carry on the filbery on their
OIYOaccount of profil and lofs, Iball be eOlitled 10 Ihe
fame bounty allolYed to.Iile fociel]'. The bouoty is
;os. Ihe lun, to be paid yearly, ¡or fourteen ym s,
befides 3p" unl. for the money. ad.aneed by ead.
chamber. The aél eontains olher proper regulalions
relalire to Ihe neIS, m~rks on Ihe herring.barrcls, numo
ber of hands, and the quantiry of lah Ihat is entitled
to Ihe bounty, &c. lt is then by Ihe eneouragement
givenby Ihis aél, \Ve now fee a laudable emula·
lion prevailing all the tWOkingdollls, aod filh ing
buffes filted out from almon e. ery pOrt, in order to re·
pair tothe Shetland iDands, where Ihe herring-filhery
is earried On with an ardor becoming fo important a
br~neh of trade. Seodand, "hieh fu!Tcreu inmdibly
from the oegleél of this ..Iuable and nalural produce
of Ihe fm , has nOI hetnback"ard 10 join in a feheme
th~1 lends fo el'idently to ils olVn advaotage ; for Ihe
ciries of Euinbnrgh ~nd GI.fgow, Ihe IOlVns of Mon·
trofe, Dundee, Perth, In.eroefs, and fome other bo·
roughs, ha.e raifld tht proper fum, and eh.mbm
have been ereéled in eaeh nf Ihem; Ihe glntlemen of
ellale! atljoining to Ihe refpe,qi.e pi>ces ~ho.e· menti·
on~d. liberall y eontriuuling wilh mereltants, IOIVards
Ihe profceulion of an undu "king fo vifib ly lending 10
Ibegood of Iheir counlry in g~ncral.
C.J· FI ~ 11 [R v. Tltere aretIYO kinds of cútl·filh. Ihe ~n~
greco 01' while eod, aod Ihe olher dried or eured eod ;
Ihough il is all Ihe (,1mt lillt uifl'erently preparcd; the
for;n"r being lomelimes /alteu and barrclkd, Ih,nI,keo
OUI ror and Ihe I,mr, ha.ing lainfome eompelent
tinte in dried io Ihe fun or linoke. We flrd ll
Ihm fore fpeak of each of Ihefe ap"'; and fidl of
G,u",cDd FISHERv. The chief lil~eries for creeneod
bay of Canada, on Ihe &rCal b~nk el NelV.
and on IheiDe of S¡ Peler, and Ihe iOe of
able, 10 II'hieh plaees vefl'ds refort from divers pans
bOlh of EUJOpe and Ameriea. Tltey are from 10010
1íO luns burden, and will cateh betll'een Ihirty aod
forty Ihoufand eod eaeh. The moll elienlial pan of
Ihe fifhery is, to ha.e a maller \Vho knolYs holY 10cut
up lite eod, one II'bo is !killed10 take 0/1' Ihe head pro–
perly, and above all a good faller, on whieh Ihe
preftr.ing of them, and eqnfequently Ihe fuecefs of Ihe
voyage, depends. The bell feafon is from Ihe begin–
ning of February to Ihe eod of April; Ihe hlb, II'hich
in Ihe \Vinler relire tOIbe deepell water, coming Ihen
00 Ihe banks, and famning extremely. What is
caughl from Mareh 10 June k~eps lI'el! ; but Ihofe ta.
ken in July, Augull, and Seplember, whenit is \Varm
on Ihe banks, areapt to fpoil foon. E.ery filber takes
but one at a lime: the mo!~ expert \Vil! lake from 350
tO400 10 a day; but Ihat IS Ihe moll, Ihe lI'eight of
the hlb and the great eoldnefs on Ihe bank faliguing
very mueh. As foon as Ihe cod are taken, the head
is taken off; they are opened, gUlled, and (alled ; and
tbe faher lIows Ihem in Ihe bOllom of the hold, head
to I.ail, in beds a f.lhom or 1 re; laying layers
of lah.and filb ahernately, but ne.er mixingfifh eallghl
on differeot days. When they have lain thus Ihree
or four days to drain off the waler, Ihey are replaced
io anolher pan of Ihe fh ip, and fahed agaio; where
Ihey remain lil! Ihe vefTeI is loade~. Somclimes they
are eUI in Ihiek pieees, and pUl up in barreis for the.
conl'cnieney of carria~e.
D~¡ ·r~:1 FISHCRV. n e principal fifhe ryfordryeod js,
fromC. pe Roí~ tooIhe ~ay des Exports, along Ihe
eOdll ~f Plaeen"a, 10 II'hleh cpmpafs Ihere are divers
cOlllntodious pons for lite hlh to be dried in. Thcfe
t"ollgh of the fame kind lI'ith Ihe frclb cod, are mllch
fmall r, and Iherefore filler 10 keep, as Ihe f,lt pene.
trales more " fi ly inlO Ihcm. The filbery of bOlh is
mllch alike ; o~ly ¡his latICr i9mall expenfive, as il
lakes IIp more lime, cmploys more h, nds, and yet
fearce half fo mlleh is fpenl in Ihis as in Ihe olh~r.
The bail is Iterrin~s, of IYhieh grm ~re
taken on lite coall of PI.cemia. When fevcrdl.en"ls
meel and inlcnd 10 filb ill Ihe fame pOrt, he whofe
fhalloop firll 10llchc! ground, beeomcs entitled to Ihe
qu?lily and pri.ilcges of admiral: he has Ihe choice
of his Ilalion, and Ihe refu f.11or all Ihe wood on Ihe
rodl al his mi,,!. As fall as Ihe ",,/1m atri.e, Ihey
un. i~ all Iheir .tllels, leaving nOlhing bUI Ihe Ibrouds
to "lll.lin Ihe mans, aod in Ihe mean lime Ihe maleS
prol ide a tent on Olore, coyereJ wilh brallehes
nI mes, and f,ils ol'er Ihem, wi lh a feaf[old or
grtAt truní.s of pin(s, twdvc, lifleen, fixleen, ~nd
oflen.