1000000031

M E

Jine of direélion

CdD

falling \Vithin the wheel BF, the ear–

riagl!

\ViII

nOl a,'er(ct .

But

tllt! wheels be inclined

eaeh otha a' the ground, as AE .nd RF (fig. 6) are,

and the machinc: be loadc:d as before, (rom

C;,

che

line of diree'!ion

CdO

f.lls \Vithout ,he wheel BF, .nd

the wholemachioe tumules overo When

is Joaded with

heavy goods (Cueh as lead or iron) whieh

lie

low, i, may

~,.vel

C.rely upon an oulique road

long as the centre of

gravity is at C, and the line of direélion

(fig 5) fal/s

\Vilhin the wheels; but if it be loaded high with lighter

g009$ (Cueh as woolpacks) from C

L, (fig. '7.) the

c(orre of gravity is r;¡ifed from

to K. which throws

the line of direélion Kk without the lowell edge of the

wheel BF, and then the load overCets the waggon.

there be fonte advantage Cro01 Cma1l Core.wheels, on

1\1ECHLIN, a large we1l buil! and

f~ified

eity of Bra–

bant, ,\Velve

mil..

oonh eall of BrulTe/s.

MECHOACAN, a provinee of

Mexieo,

bounded by

Panueo, on the nonh; by Mexieo Proper,

the

eall ;

4Iíty

the Pacific oeean, on the foutb; and by Gua-

daJajara, or New Galicia, on the \Vell.

MECKLENBURG DUCHY, a provinee of Germany.

in the pro'Yince of Lower Saxony, about

100

miles

long, and 60 broad; bouoned by the B.ltic fea, on the

nonh ; by Pomerania, on the eall; by Brandeoburg,

on the fouth ; and uy the duehies of Holllein, Lunen–

burg, and L awenburg, 00 the well.

MECON, a grea' river, \Vhieh rifes iD the nonh of

further India, and, running Couth through the king–

do,",s of Laos and Cambodia, fal/s inlo lhe Indian

ocelO .

MECONIUM, in medicine, a black thick f",ces gather–

ed in the intetlines of infants, and brough, Wilh them

inco the \Vorld

{he time of their binh.

MECONIU>1, in pharmacy, the extratl of Englin, pop–

pies.

Mecooium

ha~

all tbe virtue, of the foreign opium,

bUI

in a

fomewhat lower degree. S ee

QpI Uto"

n-IEOAL, a piece of melal in the form of

coin,

inteod–

ing

convey to pollerity the portrait of fome great

perron, or the memory of fome il/utlrious aélion.

The parlS of a med.1 are the tWOfides, one of whieh

i. called the face or head, and tbe other the

reverCe.

On each fide is che area, or fieJd, which makes the

middle of the medal; the rimo or border ; and the

exergum: 2nd one the '\VO fides are dillinguifhed the

t yp' or the figure reprefented, and thelegend Or inCcrip–

tion . .

IheantiquilY of medals. theGreek are certain–

Iy the moti ancient; for long before the building of

Rome the Greeks had beautiful money in gold, filver,

.nd copper. This plainly appears from feveral geouine

medal, of Macedon, older Ihan Philip and Alexa nder;

from Gre<k

med.ls

with the names of fevenl magi–

{lrates prior to the Macedonia" empire;

which \Ve

mayadel Come Sicilian coins of nil/ gre>!er antiquity.

As the Gretk medals are lhe mofl ancicnl, fo .are they

",ceaunt of lhe carriage turning more

ea(jly :lnu

filOr!

than

can be made to do whcn

chey

.-re Jarge ; lhere is at

lean as great a difadvaotage atlending them, whích ¡s,

Ihat as their aKle is beJow

lhe

level of

lhe horres

ureafh.

lhe horres nOl

only

have the

loadt:d

carri.ge

to draw a–

long, buc alfo

pan

of its weigbt

bear;

which

tires

them faoner, anJ ¡nak..:s them grow much lbffer in their

hams, Ihan they would be if they drew on a level \Vith

the (ore axJe: and for chis reafon, \Ve lind coach·hor(es

foon become unlir

foc

cic1

llg.

So rhar on all 2CcOunts it

plain,

thar the

rore· wh~els

all carriages ought to be

high,

as to have their axles even

\Vith

the breaCts of

the

horres;

which wouto not only give rhe

horres

a (air

dr.ugh" bUI likewiCe cauCe the machine tO be

dr.wo

a leCs degree of power.

M E O

the

mon

beauliful ; they have a defign, aceuracy. (orce,

and delicacy, that

exprelfes

ev~n

lhe

murcies

and · ..eiD!,

and

are fhuck

with

fuch exquiGle

art, as the Romans

could oever come up 'o.

hofe ftruck when Rome

\Vas

governed

conruls,

are Ihe moft ancient

among

the Romans: bu!. Ihe copper and filver medal, do no,

eo beyond the 484th year of Rome, nor the gold be–

yond the year 546. Among the imperial medals, we

dillinguifh between the upper and 10\Ver empire: the

¡¡rll commenced under Julius Crefar, and ended A. O.

about 260; the lower empi re ¡neludes oear 1200 years,

and ends at the laking of Coollantinople.

is Ihe cu–

flom, howéver,

accounl all the imperial

med.rs

tilJ

,he time ()f the Paleologi. among Ihe antique; though

we have none of .ny confiderable beamy later Ihan the

time of Heraclius, \Vho died in 64 [. The Gothic me–

dais make pan of the imperial ooe'. Modern medal.

are thofe ftruck within thefe 300 years. There are no

true H ebrew medals, except a few fhekels of copper

aod filver, bUI none o( gold; tbough ,here is mention

made

one in the king

of Deomalk's

cabiDet.

There was formerly no dilference between money

.nd medals. An old Roman had his purfe fu1l of the

fame pieces that

we now prererve

io cabinets. As

foon

as an emperor had done any Ihing rem.rkable, as gain–

íng a viélory, givjng up a tax,

lhe like, it was ¡m..

mediateJy fiamped

a coin, and

became

current thro'

his whoJe dominioos. This was a

pretty device to

fpread

abroad

the virtues

emperor,

and

m.lke

his

aliioos circulale; and (hus a f refh

coin

was a

kind

gozette, thal publifhed the latell news of Ihe empire.

Several of OU r modern coins have the legend round

the

edges: bUl the ancients were toO wift:

regitler

their exploits on

nice a Curface. As to [he 6gures

upon medals, ,he Romans alw.y. appear in the proper

drefs

their couolry, fo thar wemay

obrcrve the

little

variations of the

mode

in the

apery of [he

m~dal:

they wouJd hilve thoughr it

ridiculous

luve

drawn

emperor o[ Rome in a Grrnan cloak

a Phyrgian

mitre.

tht:

contrary,

oflen

fee a king

Eo–

gl.nd

or France drclTed up like a J ulius

C",Cor,

as if

they had a mind tO rafs themCelvJ:s upon pollcri ' y fo r

Rom;:n