1000000031

1\1

as reprcfen'ed in the Iigure, ,he engine will be a

h.nd

· ,"'iCl, and (o caufing all the ribs of ,h: noe to lie in dif–

mili for grinding coro or malt in private

ramilies.

And ferent planes.

th<n . i, may be .u rned by a winch; intleod

01'

the wheel

L aH ly, ,hefe ribs ollght 'o

deere.fe

in length from ,he

the millHonc

m~kinc

three

reVOIUlions

for el/ery axis

lhe

eXtrCmilY,

giviog the vane! a

curviJineal

form;

one

the wineh. If a heavy' By be PUt upon ,he .xle

,ha< no

p.rt

ofehe force ofany one ob oe Cpent upon

H; ncar' the winch,

it:

will help'to regulate the metioo.] the re!l. but all move on ¡ndependent of eaeh alher. Al!

the cogs oflhe

whect

anO. rouhds

the

trundle

could

this ¡s'

requtrc:d

give the

f.ll

s of a wlnd-mill their true

be put in as exa!t)y as (he teeth are

CUt

in the whecl, Oind

fdrm:

and wc"

(ee

botb tbe twill aod tbe diminulion of

pinion, of a clock. ehen ,he trundle migh' di.ide ,he wheel the ribs exemplified in ,he wings of bi rds.

~xaélly;

lhat

fay.

the trundle might

make a

given

is ..

lmoO ir1tredible to think

with

what velocity the

nwnber or revolution'$ for one of the wlleeJ , withOllt a tlps of the

f.nl

, movc: when a!l-ed llpon

a moderate gale

fr¡(t:ion.

B Ul

a, any exaét number is nOl neceJTary in of wind, We h:¡ve feveral times counted the number oí

mili· \Vork, and che'cogs alld rounds can'not be {efin fo truly revolútions made by the

fails

ten

or fifteen

miout~s

;

as ,o'make aU che in,er.als between ehem equal·; a fkilful and from ,he length of ,he armo from tip to tip, have

nriU: wrikht wiU always give ,hewheel"wh., hee.U,

a hU"I-

éompu,ed, Ihat if 'a hoop of ,h.. diame,er wa. tO run up–

¡ng cog:

[hat is, one more

~han

what will an{wer to an on the groilnd 'whh the fame veloclty that

would move

exilél divifion of che whe'eJ

oy'

the ,rundle. Ana ·then, if pot "pon ,he Cail·.,ms, i, would go upwards of

miJe.

every cog come!) to th.s Hundle;

will,take the next ¡nao hour.

fiafF or rOllod beh\nd the'one whicliit

took in the former

As the ends of the (ai1s nearell: the axis canoot move,

r~vblution·:

'Da

bi"hat'n1eans,

wiU ' w~

. U ,he partS of with ,he Came veloeity ,ha, ,he ,ips or fartheCl ends do,

the eog' and rourtd¡ whieh

wór~

upon one anotUer equal- ahhough th. wind. aél equaUy Clrong upon them; pe,–

Jy, and·to e<jual' difl.nees·froril one' an·o,her in a

Jittle

hap. a better pofition ,han that of Clre'ehing them .Iuog

time";·and fomake¿: true uoiform motion

th¡'oug~ut.the

the arms direo'éUy from dre centre of

motioD,

might be

whole work_ Thús, in the above water-mill, the tlundle have them Cet perpendieularJy acrofs·,he farther enel. of

has

{(¡ves, ahd ,He \Vheel 6. eogs .

thé arros; "nd lhere adjuOed le'ogthwife to the proper

Someiimes; where ,here is a

Cuffiei~nt· quaotity

of \Va- angle. For, in tha,

e.fe,

both ends of the Cails would

ter, ,he cog.wheel AA

(Pl;ite· CIX.

Iig.

l.)

turns a mMe "'¡,h ,he

f.me

veloeity; and beiog farlher from the

l:trile trulidJe BS, on whoCe axis

is fixed the horizontal centre of nlation, they would

h.ve

mueh ,he more

wheel

with eog' all · round ' its edgé, ,urning two pOlVer: and ,hen, tljere would be nooceafionforhaving

trundles E aÍld F at ,he Came tinie; whofe axes or Cpindles them fo large as they are generaJly made, whieh IVould

G and

'urn two miIJClooes· I and K, upon the 6xed reoder ,hem lighier, and eonfequeo,ly lhere would be (o

flones L ·and M. And when ,here is not work for them rltueh the leC. friélion on tbe lhiek Deek of,heaxle where

both, ei,her may be made to

Jie

quiet, hy taking out one i¡·tutos in the ".Il.

or the llaves of iu trundle, and turning the vacant place

crane

an cngine by "hich great weights are raifed

low.rd.

the eog·wheel

ADd ,here may be 'a wheel 'o eertaln ·heights, o, le, down 'o e<"nain dep,h..

6)(1' on the upper end of the gre.t uprigh, axle

ror confiCl, of wheels, axles, puUeys, rop", aDd a gib o,

turning a eouple of boulting.miUs, and o,her work fo, gibbet. When the rope

(6g ,

2.)

i. hooked to lbe

drawing up the facks,

fanoins

and cJeaning the coro. weight K

aman turO'S the winch A, on the axis where·

Iha rpenih·g of ,ools. &e.

of is che truDdle B, whieh 'ums the wheeJ

on who(e

If. inOead of the eog-wheel AA and trundle BB, ho- axis

is ,he trundle E, which lurn. the wheel F with

rizon..I Jever> be

a""d

io,b the .xle

below the wheeJ ilS upright axis G, on whieh ,he grea, rope

wind. as

,hen, horCeo may be pu, 'o ,heCe levers Cor turning th. wheel lurns; and going over a puUey

at the end of

the

mili;

which is

oflen

done where watc:r

cannal

be had the arm

of the gib

cede,

it draws up (he heavy burden

for ,ha, purpo(e.

K, whieh being raiCed to a proper beigbt, as from a Ihip

The working parts of a wind·miU differ very Hede to the quay, is then brought over the quay by pulling

from ,hoCe of a w.cer milJ; only ,he (ormer is turned by the wheel Z round by ,he handle. z,z, whieb 'urns <he

the aaion of,hewind upon four Cails, every one ofwhich gib by meaDS of the half wheel

fix, on ,he gib·poCl

ce,

ough, (as is generaUy believed) to

m.ke

an angle of 54;- and che Clrong pinion

6xt on the axis of ,he whed Z.

áegrees with a pbne perpendicular to the axis on which lhe This wheel 1!ives the mao thu turos ir an ab(olute com ...

afms are fixt for carrying

them;

ir being demonfirable, mand over Ihe gib,

prevent it from taking any

,h. , when ,he Caíls are Ce, ' o fueh an angle, . nd the axis unlueky Cwing, Cueh as of,en happen. when it is only

turoed end .ways ,oward ,he wind. ,he wind h.. the guided by a rope tied tO its .rm

and people are fre–

greateCl p" ,.,er upon the fails. But this angle anC\Vers only quently hurt, Cometimes kilJed, by fueh .ceiden...

to the eaCe of a vane or Caíl juCl beginning 'o move: for,

The gre.. rope goe. between 'wo uprigh, upright

,vhen the vane has a ceu aio degree of motin..,

yields rollers

and

which turo upon gudgeoDs in tbe fixed'

to ,he wind; and ,hen that .ngJe muCl be inere.Ced to

be.ms

f andg: and as the gib is ,urned to\Vards ei,her

give ,he wind i" fuU effeél.

fideo lhe rope bends upoo ,he roll.. next ,hat fiJe_

Ag.in,

the inereaCe of ,his angle 010uld be different, W ere it not (or theCe rollers, thegib would be quite un–

.a.ccording to lhe difTc:rent velocitics rrom the axis

the

managcable;

for the moment

were turoed t:\'er fo Jitlle

extrcmity of che vane. A t th e axis i, O.ould be 54;- de- ,ow. rds any fide, the weigh, K would bcgio tO defcend,

gree" and thenee eontinualJy inereafe, giring tbe vane a bccauCe ,he rope wouJd be {bortcDed bet\V«n ,he pulky