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rail with thre.! m:d'h . fh ,p_I:\lhion: but ~rC' ronnd Ocrned ,
with a (111,11 pr\.j-;.!tlon ..bove the rudda. JO P\¡nts
(ihid. fig. 11 .) art: bude {clu:He, and ulc:d "t,OUt Ih..: dtH'k'J
for fetchtng and other Cervices ~s the mdUcr (hlp–
wright \ln nt, thc::l'll {ur I t Sh.tllop (Ibul ng. 12 .) 1$
a (m~1I Jigllt vdfd. Wilh onl}' ..t tOla l1 m"in ;¡nd lore
and fue!! {¡ils. to hAul up :.nd let down 0 11 occ,¡fi(,n. 12.
Sloops (ihid. fig ' 3 ) have only "0< mall, WII" Ih·,ul,1.r–
of-muHon, fqu:uc, Jug~. and Im-tck 13."s. 13. SnlAcks
(ihid. fig. 14 ) ~ re tranCpon ing vdL Is, with one maU,
.nd an halfrpII,.fatl . ' 4, Y.."hl ' (,",d. (,g. 15 .) h. ve
onl y one m. ll, wllh an kalffpril or fmack fati, and fome·
limes kctch-f.dhion.
The mon celcbr3led fhips of anliquily are Ihofe of Pro·
lemy Phdopdlcr. One was '2 80 cublts lung, 38 broad,
and 48 h'gh, cach ('hbll bc,ug'1 Englifh fool 5;' inches ,
and c"rric:d 400 rO\1lers, 400 f:"dols and 3000 foldlcrs .
Anot her which the rdme princ~ m;.cde lO (3d on {he N de,
\Ve are told. was half a Ilddium long. Yet rhefe wt're
nothiog in compadron with Hlcro's (hip, bulit uoder the
diret lion of i\rehimedes ; on rhe IIruélure whereof Mof·
chlon wrote a whole volume. T here w;¡s wood enough
employed in 11 10 m, ke 50 galleys: i, h,d alllhe vantly
of ap.utlflents of a pala:e ; fuch as banqu"ting~room,.
gal!t:ries, garoens. ponds, tlables, miJJs, bd.ths, and
a temple to Venus. It W.ilS encoOlpafI'eJ with ~n ¡ron
, eight towers, Wi lh walls and bul wa rks, f\i r·
ni(hed with mJchines or war; particularly ooe, which
threw a Ilone uf 300 pounds, ol' a dan 12 cubits long,
,he fpaee of half a m"", wllh nuny orher p. rtleulars ro ·
l>red by Alheo",u, .
CM; ¡' uf/ion o( S" ops. N aval arehileélure may be di.ided
iolo th ree princlpdl pan s: l . l~o glve lhe {hip fueh a
figu re and propon ion <\s may (uit the {ervlce {he is de·
fi gneJ foro 2 T o find rh. Irue form of all lh. pieces
of rimber Iha, fh.1I be nece(fary 'o compof. fu eh a folId .
3· 1 '0 make proper <l.ccommcdations ror guns. amOluni·
tion, provdions. and apanmems fo r all lhe officers, and
likewife room for th . cargo.
As to Ihe firll pan, ,he leng¡h of Ihe keel. g"alell
breadrh. depl h in Ihe hold, heigh, between decks and in
,h. wa!le, and fomelimos , he heoghl ¡¡nd breadrh o( Ihe
wing. tran{om, in fhips (or the merchants {ervicc, are a·
greed 0 0 by conlraél; and [rom the(e dimeo(jons Ih e:
builder formo a drauglu fuil able 10 rhe Irade Ihe fhip is
der.gned foro T he lirH Ihing Ihat is ¡;encrally done, i.
to loIy down toe kcd. the Henl, and t1~rn·po(l, upon (he
fh eer , or plaoe fuppofed tO paf, Ihrollgh rhe mld·
die line of ,he kcel, (lem, and (lern pon , eurong Ihe fh ip
in IWO halvt:s It ngthwirc. T hey neXl determine d lt' pro·
per (b,tion of tbe mid-(hip timber, where a pe rp~ndiclllu
JS "reéled , . nd is r.ener,l!y , holl! IWO Ih;rds o( ,he keel
bC'(ore rhe "ero-pon: on tlus I¡oe dl(! glveo depth of lhe
hold .. fe' otro from Ihe upper fide (.( Ih, ked; ro ob·
rain Y.'hil:h pOlll t rht: thh knels ()f "JI rhe tlm'.ler and plaok
"'llu!l be .. ddte! (O lhe he:;',1\1 acrc(d on . TllIs l>ci ng fix–
eo wdl cn~~lc us tu d· h,'rmlUC! Ihe np?er- he'gl,t uf Ihe
ext rcmt' or ~I r>a re(l hreadlh 'or ,hf' (h p : WhlCh, {ome–
time-s, is ,h.H vt:ry ~)lJl nt ; ..no (r JlB Ihe [;tOle pl."cc Ihe
Jower hc.iglll or th<.· on',,¿rh muH be d( IUnllm o. T he
two rO"ln hClgbs ul Ihe brl" .. dl h lír·('c , wh'ch oc;u l} umle
ab"fr i:l nd ~ r 1(: M e ni "« dtl lfm¡f.~d '1" c:: hdght of
thc brc,dlh 1"" UI ' Íle toy· :.lTIb~r io rex' forlllcd j bcmg
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Jillliteo in Ihe midnl ip by contr:¡tl. but arore an~l .Ift onlT
by the juJg"nent ~n~ faney of Ihe r!;rt ,!L If a [tlu;¡ re (tCl ll
is d::f.g I~d. the bre.dth al lhe w'"~ trÓln~om i!:> 11I:litct!,
bc,ng gc.. nt'fd ll y about I\VO thirds of lhe gre.a t>H l> th.
T he <tll :ll neXI fi'\ t's lh-: brCd.d th of Ihe IOp timba, and
then d.:fcribes Ihe two h ..df.breadth )II~CS. Aft;:- r there
are fu rmed lhe places where th..! revEral tiOlbers <lfC' r. x;.
ed : and r~>r form ing the mitllhip·fraOle, raJIÍ afe atrua
med al pl..:afure, tdl the fwet'ps ate IllÍldc 10 ph:afe lhe fJQ.
cy and judgll1<ol of ,he 1n ifl. VJhen " liS m'dlb ip'frazne
is formed, a p.lttern or moul'd is m"de 10 (jI ex. élly 10
the curTe. and the d. ad ·nfing Or water.line : anJ by
[his and a hollow mould, all the timucrs are formeo, as
far as the rifing I10e, whlch is par..llet 10 Ihe IO\Ytr helght
of ¡he ~rád,h.lioe.
. We come next to confid er Ihe upper wOlks , or alJ that
is above waler, cdll~d the dead -work : hu e the fhi?
mul! be na, rower, by whieh m..ns Ihe will l!rain lef, by
working the guns, and the m..,in- (::til \Viii be e:lfier rrim–
Olea , as ,he Ibronds fpread lef, , hAn ,hey would olh,,–
wife do, Bu, ,hough th. fe advao..g•• are gained by
narrowiog a fh ip aboye water, yet great ctl re mcH be
t.lken nOl to narrow her too much, Idi diere (hould not
be fuRicient room " pon Ihe upper deek for ,he guns 'o
reeoil. T he feeuri¡y of Ihe m.U, fh ould likelllife be con·
fiJered, whlch requlre fuffi cient bre<td th tO fpread the
fhrouds r IhOllgh , his may be afliUed by enlar, ing Ihe
breadlh of ,he ehannels.
Princip~/ qua/i!i" 6' /Mging lo SHrps . A fh ip of war
fhoul d carry her IO\1la (Ire or gui'ls four or fi'le reet aboye
wa¡er i a lh ,p for Ihe merchants fen'ice fhould now Ihe
cargo well ; and bOlh of Ihem fhou\d be mJde 10 go IV'ell,
carry J goud fati . Ileer wd l, and lie-IO e, in ¡he r.a.
l . T o m, ke a fh ip carry a good fad, Mr D u Ha",el re–
conlmcnds <\ fldt floor. timlJer, and lomewhat long, or the
lower fuuock pretly round : a!fo ... Ill;.. i~ht uppcr fu ttock,
and the top timbr:r to throu,l th.e br~adlh OU I aloft ; and
al any rate, lO carry q('f mHn-bred.d th as high ae the
lower dcck ; for if rhe rogglOg be \Vell . dapled 10 fueh a
body, aod ,he upl ,ks heigh..."ed ", ",ueh as pof!ib le
fo as all tO concur 10 lower th~ centre of grJ\'ity. there
",il! be no room 10 doubl of her ea rryi ng a good fai l. 2.
T u m;tkc a Oup Ifeer well, and aflfwe r {he JeArt metion
of the helm, Ihe f.Olion 'pieees fhould be ",el! fo rmed,
the tUck c;¡rried prelty 11Igh and che ,mdlhip-frame car–
ried prelty lorwu el ; alfo there Ihuuld Le a con(jdr:r"bJe
greater drJu:..:.ht of w,uer th4in afore, a gredt rake
forward, and none abaft. anJ a fou e qUA.rler_de~k and
fore.callle: ,11 thtCe " il! m. k. a Ih p Iteer \Vd l. Bu!
10 m.k, her fed Ihe leaH of Ioer helm, il \ViII be
n -cdr.¡ry t0 regard her maHs j for a (hip ,hott goes well ,
wtl, i t'nainly l1eer wclJ. 3 . T o Oldke a f1Hp CArry ha
f uns \Vell out or lhe water. is eJfc,'éh·d by ;:¡ long J] lor·
ti1llber, and nOl or grcar r:fing. a very full mic10l, .\lne,
aod lo\V Ulck, \Virh lighr uppc:r. works . 4' T o mak ~ a
Ihlp ~o fmoothly lhough the W:ltcr, wlthout pi , I! ing
I... d, Ioer k<el Ihould be lonr" her R'or lon~ ,nd OOt
rifi nA hióh afore Of ;.¡ft; lhe arta or rpac{: cOllta:i'I('d in
Ihe fnre.body OIOIIld . Ifo ·be dllly propo, " oned ro Ihal of
the artcr.booy. according tO lhe rc(pc:.{hve wcights , liey
. re 10 carry 5. T u makc a OI' P kcep a gooJ "'ind, Ooe
OHluld h. \'e a gooll I~nglh l y the kccl. ""H '('10 lu uad .
bu, pretil' dcep in ,he huid j " hieh l'Iill nl.lke hcr II"or-
lU!l~ T_