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R A V
tom ('Ir th ~ (llr)'. 01 b.\rrcl, which Oops ;1 in winding ur.
R :\TE , :!. n.tnd.lrJ or proponion. by which ei.heT lhe
qU An!it)' or \',dut! (lf a tl,ling is ~clju(lcd .
R ,\ T E or a /hip Of'{Urlr, is its arda, dcgrcc, or dinin{tion,
:!.s 10 ni tgnll udc, bll rdcn, b e.
R ~ T EEN, in eOOlOloree, • ,hiek woollen lIufF, quil,.
{'d, WQ\'c n on .... 10-'>01 Wilh fOUT treJdlcs, fe'ges,
.U1d othcr fllIlrs, that h:we lhe whale or quilling.
'rhl!r~ :.re fome rateen! drdTt:d ,mcl prcpared like c10ths ;
others lerl filllpl y in lhe h<4i r; ami other$ whcre Ihe hai r
()r kn<lr 1(. rriz..!o. R:Heens are cll,cll y manur..élured in
f, .nee, I loll. nd, .nd 1,. ly, . nd .re Ololll y ,,(ed in li·
llinJs . T he r... ze is a rort of coarre rateen, and l he dnlg~
!;t't is a r::llecn h ....lf linnen half waolen.
R '\ n FIC.~ TION, . .pproving olÍ, and eonfirming
[oml:,hing done;! by another in OUI n.tme.
R "'TIO, in aridlnlctic and geometry, is' that relation of
homogcnt:vus lhlngs which dete:mincs (he qutlotity of
one (r0:11 tI:e C).uantilYuf anolh!?r, withoUl the inter\'Cn–
tion of a thirc!. See AR ITHME ', lc K, ALGEBRA, and
G EO/'o1 t: TRV .
R I\TI OCI NATION, ,he aél of re.(uning . S<e R EA'
SOS ING.
H :\ T ION, in the army, a portion of ammunition, bread,
drink, and for;:¡ge. d·llributcd la cach {ol.1ier in lhe ar–
nly , íor his ly fubfillence &c. 'f ile hOlfe have r.uions
of hay and oats , when they CdnnOt go OUt tO fo rago.
The ,,,ions or bre,d are regulated by .ocighl. T he or·
ra,ion o( • foo,· (oldicr is a pound and a h. lf of
breAd per day. ~ T he officers have feveral ralioos accor–
ding tO thcir qUdht y and the number of 3nendants tha t
they are obliged tOkcep. ' ''hen the ration is augment–
c¿ 0'1 occafions of rc:joiciog, it IS c,¡lled a double ration.
i -he O,ips crcws h;we airo their rtltions or allow.mces af
\'If~uit, pul re, and water, proponi"ned accorJlI1g lOtheir
I~o,k.
R ATLONAL, reafma Me. See R EASO N.
R" TIo N A L I is ;:,.lJo applicd to integral. fraétiooal, aod mixl
r:umbt!rs: thus we fd;' rational fraétion, ralional integer,
and r,uiona l OIixt number.
R .~TrONALE, a (olution or . eeoun' of the principie.
of (ome opioioo, aaioo, hYPOlhcfis, phzoomenon, or the
"ke.
R AT IPOR, a ' O\VO of Bohemi., in ,he duehy of Si lefia,
fiwa ted on lhe river Oder, {ixteen mile, north -eJn of
Tropa\\'.
R A r I POR . is a1:0 ji city or hilher India, capital of the pro–
vioee orl\1"h·". fillJ<tt ed E.long 800, N . J.n . 2So.
R :\TI SI30N, • wy 01 G crmany, in ,he eirele of I:l,,'._
ria, fituatt:d al che confluence of che rivers Danube and
Regen . in E . long. 1 :2 0 S', N.lat. 49 Q • T~lis is a free
im ;lefiJI city. aod here lhe a{fcmbly or diel of the n.nes
of the ('mplre mrets.
H i\TLI NES or, as ,hef<amen e, U thcm, R ATL INS, ,hoCe
Jincs whieh m.tke Ihe l.tdJa fl eps to go \lp th~ OHOUJ ,
ann puttoeks, hence called (he radios of the fhrouos.
R \TTL E SN '\KE, Sc< C'OTALUS.
HATrL I:S NAKE ROOT . See POLY CA 1.A .
R :\ V,\ . I!. clty of (J r<tlt Poland , c.fpltal of Ihe PalatioJte
of tt,,'.1. li"I-IIed fi (,y Olib (uu,h ·e.1l o!'W.,(a\V .
R f\ VELI N, in tOllilictltion, was :\ncicnd y a n,lt b.tflion,
pl Aced In Ihe mlridlc of a curtin j 11m no.v ~ dndchcd
wUl k cumpu[, d only uf ' \va ·s, wllleh nuke a (."-,ut
R E A
a ng~c, withou t ::lny fl anks, aod raifed bdorc the curtia
on Ihe eOllntcrfc3rp or the pl<tc~. Stc FORTIFICo\ TIO!'.
R I\ VEN, in o",i,hology. Sce COR VUS.
R AVENGL .'\ S, a po". of Cunlberland, fi,uated OD
tl1(: l lllh Chlinoel, thiny.eight mdes fOUlh-well of Car –
¡¡Oe.
RAVENN!\, a city of Ilal y, in lhe pope's territories, ca–
pital of lhe province of Romania, (jtuat~d E. Ion. 130,
N. 1.1. 44° 3'>.
R AU VOLrI A, in botany, • genus of the pen'.ndria mo–
Dogynia el.tfs. T hc berry conl3105 t\Vo fecds. There
~rc twa fpecies , bOll! R.uives of America.
RA Y, io 0plics, a beam or light, emitted (rom a radiant
or Juminous body. See OP TI CS.
R A) LEIGH, • m.rkc,·wwn of Elfex, 'en miles (ou,h_
,.Il of Chclmsford.
R .'\ YON:\.NT ,or C,·.¡¡ RA YO SA'T, in hecaldry,one
which has rays of glory behind il. darting OUt from the
centre la all th e qu~rters of the ercutchcon, as repreCenl4
ed in PI.,e CXLVII. fig 7.
R AZO R , • " t ll known infl rumér., u(cd by (urgeons, bar–
beiS, CJe. for íba\'ing off the hair from \·...rious pansof
} he body.
R .4. 'LU H. .O ILL, in ornithology. See
R E·ACTION, in phy(¡ology, ,he refilla,nee made by.1I
bodies to theaétion or impulfe of others that endeavou r
te chang~ its (lene whetber of mOlion or rdL See r.1E–
(HAN tes .
READ ING , a boroogh" Qwn io Berkfhire, fi,u.tcd forty
miles \Ven of London, oear the confluence of the r¡va
Kenet and ThaOles; il fends t\VO members la parllament.
R EA L, is .ppiled ' O • b,ing ,h...lIually , xills; in whieh
{eofe, it coincides Wilh at'tual.
REAL , or CHIAPA, a city u( Mexico, in Nonh America.
c. pi,al of ,he prol'ir,ee of Chiapa, (¡tua,ed ,Y. loo. 9i o,
N . laL 170.
REAL EIO, a port·[Qwn of M exieo, in, ,h e pro<inee of
N iearagua, fi fuated un the bay of the Pacific Ocean, in
, Y. long. 9 ,° 30', N . I'L 10 °.
RE.'\LIsTS, a feél of (ehool philo(ophers, formed iD01"_
pofition te the nomioalills. See N Or-.lISALIS T S.
Under ,he R e.lills are ineluded ,he Seollns, Thomills,
and .11 exeep,ing ,he rollo\Vers of Och, ,,,. T neir die·
tinguiOli ng lenet ¡s, Ihat univelfals are realities, 2r.a hí¡\'e
an aétu.d cxi(tence out of <In idea or imagindtion, or,
as thcy exprefs il in the fchools, a parl t N I ; \\'hereas
lhe n"nlinalta~ contead, that they exiO onl)' in thc mind,
and ¡j;re only ideas, or manners of cúncei"lng thlOgS .
R EA LlTY, in ¡he fchools, a dlminutive of r 'J, thing.
fidi ufcd by lhe Scot,{ls. tO denote a lhing \\'bl.:h may
exill o( j ,(c1r; or wllleh h.s a full .nd ,blolute b, ing of
itrelf, ::IOd is nOl confidc:red as a p:u t of any olht>r.
REA L!'l a country whieh gi \·...s ItS head, or g()\,crnor, lhe
denomin::uion of a kloC.
R E.~ L~IONT, a or fr. nc<, in ,he prol'inec of
L :mgucdoc, filua led thirty-two mih:s north -cJll of 1'ho-
• loule.
R EA R, a term frequen tly ufed in ccoOlrCl!ili"o. to d:..-note
fOIllC't1l1ng hclllnJ. ar b¡¡ckwan,is, in rdrcl.'t (\f an..>thrr,
in oppofiuon 10 \'.10: th us. io a militar)' t~·nf~·, it IS u–
red ror lhe hiuJ put of an arOly. in oppuGulJn 10 {he
('ront .
R E:\SO;o,r, a (.,euh y or r 0\\'cr o( ,hc ruinJ, wl«reby it
u.ltin.