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n A D
t'Ors of [he I"w amtlng the: Jc.:W5 arrumcd, and litttall y
lignilies maílers, m- excdll'nts.
Tha e Wl' re f~vera l grad+tn cns berort~ thcy arri,.td al
the dlgni ty of ti. rablJin, which \V,I( nO[ confcrrcd 1I111 hey
hitd acq uireJ lhe profoundelt knowledge of lhe law ánd
the tradl tions. h does noc howc::ver appear. ,hll t {here
W1S any fix t.d 2ge, or previous examlnittion ne~drdfy ;
but wheo aman had ddlongu,Olcd himrelt by 11IS O,dl on
the wri([~n anJ or<11 law, and palft::J th rough the:: lubur–
d :nate degrees, he: was (,,¡uled a rabbln by Ihe public ,'oice.
Among the modt:rn J ews. for oear f~ven hllndr.:d ycars
p;d't, the le,.troed meo retain no other t¡dc thar of
rabbi, or rabblos ; they hav<! grear refpt.'él paid them,
have the firn places or feals in their (ynag(l_~ues. deter–
mine aJl f1X\tters of contro\'erfy, and frec¡uentl y pronotlnce
upon civil .. fF..irs; they eVt o a powl!r to t:XCOItlIllU'
nicate lhe di fob~dienl.
RABB[T, in zoology. See Lopus.
RACE. in geoera), fignifies running wi th olhers in ordl!r
to obtain a pnz.e, either On fo ol, or by ridlog on horre–
bJck, in charíon, 6c.
RA CE . in genealogy. a lineage or eXlraétion cootinutd from
f.nher [ O fon.
R AC I-/ [T!S, the R ' CKETS. See M ED'C'N E, p. , 69.
R :\.CK. an eogi ne of tonure, furninlc:d wlt h pul hes and
cords, 6,. for extonilll; conrd lion from criminals.
RA C K, a rpirituous Jiquor mclde by lhe T"n3rs of T ongltfia.
This kind of rack IS made of mare's mil k, which is left
lO m: (our, and a(túwards dlfhlled twice or thrice be·
tween tWO eanhen POts clofely fiopped, from whence the
Jiquor runs lhrough a rmall wooden pipe. This hq uor i.
more intoxicating than brandy díllilJed fronf wine.
R ack is aIro a rp" i,uous liquor whieh ,he Englilh get
{rom Batavia or .Malacca, of wllich [hree (ons,
lhe ane being eXlratled Irom the cocoa.lree, Ihe fecond
wom rice. and ,he ,hird rrom rug>r: but .he fi r(\ is ,he,
befl and ",ofl in ure. lt is maáe uf ,he bloOom ·bunch uf
the cocoa.lree : (or which purpofe {hey tie lhe bunch,
while it is flilJ wrapped up wilhin lIS cod, or membrane,
with a piece of packthread ; and lhen wilh a knife make
:a crofs cut in lh"l bunch, a lilde :tbove {he place where
jt is tied, and adapt a Pllcher to il 10 receive the liquor,
which is called loddy, and is vinous, pal.ttable, anJ fwect :
other's ufe a bamboe_canc in{le;¡,d of a pitcber. Having
thus drawn the Jíquor, they Jel it (erment, and aftCTwards
dirlil it.
To RA C K w ino, &c. ta drtlw them off (rom th('ir lees,
aÍler their having (tood long enough to ch ar and fen le.
Hence rack-vint¡¡ge is frt'qu~ntly Ufl d ror lhe fetond
voyage our winc-mcrchants uled lO m"k.e imo Frctnce (or
r:lckt d·wines .
R ACKOON. in zoology. Se. V 'VERKA .
R A D . in·anA,omy. St e A NATOM Y. p. ,,}8.
R A D! ·\ NT , in op,ies, is any poinl or ...r.ble objd l rrom
whence rays proctt'd . See QpT I CS.
RADI AT E D FL OWERS. in bO'Any, are ruch .. have re·
veral fe:mi fl ofcu lc::s fet round a diO" in f()f m of a r:idiallt
{lar; thofe:: whk h havc no fuch rOlys are: c:dled dlf¡;olls
flowers.
RADIATION, lhe aél nf . hod y cmi lting or dirr.. rays
of light all round , as from ; ccnlf(!. Se.:e ()P 'f IC 5
R A O IC A L in s ene,. I, fomelhons ,ha, f« ves a9 J baú, or
[oundallon.
n A
1--I.:no:.: ph)'fi¡;i~ns lalk much of a rt!dic;d ;noinurc:.
In \V(' &I\'e Ihe appel /¡u ion rad lc<d 10 pril-:li–
rive wOlds, in contraJ dlln{l ion tO COlnpounJ s and dcri–
\'.Hlves.
Alcebraifls itlfo rpc:lk of the r:ldicdl lign of quantilÍ~:s,
whll.:h IS the chtl'ra~t~ r ex prd1i'lg their rOOIS .
R .... '\ Ol CL E, lh,u pan of Ihe fcc:d;, \JI al! ,,14nls, whieh up.·
on \'cgclilling bc:comts its root, and is (lI(covt:ral>lt! l>y lile
OIicrolcvpe. S..:e AGR I C UI.. T U RE , p. 41.
R A DI 3 H, in bo,any. See RA'HANU S,
R A DI US, in geom" ry, lhe ren\! d,ameltr of a cirele, or
a rieh l ¡¡oc d:-awn from lhe centre to Ihe circumrerence.
R AD I US. in anatomy. See ANAT O MY, p. [79.
R A D [X . Se< R o O T o
R .'\ D NOR . the c.p" . 1 of ,he county of R adnor in Wales,
fi lualcd iñ Vv . l..,nJ:. 3° 6' , N. lat. 5:2° '20 ' .
R r\t-' I'.E..RS ... in building, lire plcces ofll mbc:r, which fland·
ing by píl.irs on the r:lifoo Or r¡¡fine piece, mcet in ao
angle a, , he tOP, and form <he roor of a builJing . See
ARCHITE C TUR E. .
R AGOUT, a fauce, or rearoning, intended 10 roure ,he
'ppe",e \Vhen 101 or langu,lhing .
R AGUL E D, or R ACGE D, in heraldry. j agged or knot–
ted T his term is appllt:d to a croís lormc:d of the lru nks
of twO trees without their branches. ot which lhey 01t:W
only ,he flum ps . So< P CXLV!L hg . 5.
Raguled ddfers (roOl IOdenled, 10 that the J..u er is re–
gular, {he former nOL
RAj A, ,he ,ide of ,he Indian black prinees, ,he remains
of lhore who ruled there ·.erore , he M oguls . Sorne of
lhe rajas are raid 10 preferve thelr independency, e(pc:–
cially in the mountainous parts ; bUI mo{t of lhc:m pay
an aAnual trilJute 10 the Mogul.
RAJA , in ichthyology, a genus belonging tO lhe order of
amphi bia nantes. T here are [¡ve (plracula below to\Vards
the peak ; Ihe budy is comprefl'td i and the moulh is fr·
tuate under the head. Tht re are Olne fpecies, one of
wlllch is the tOrpedo, or -fiOl. found in Ihe Medi–
<erranean and PerÚ.n Gu lph , When ,oucbed, i, defenJ s
¡lfelr by a tremulous mOlion, WhlCh ben\l rubs any animal
Whh:h íl.llempts tO¡njure ir
R i\j i\N [A, in bo,any. a genll' of t¡le dicecia hexandri.
cl ars. The calix of bo,h male and fem. le conr.lls of fix
fegmt:nls j none or tht:m have any coralla : the femaJe h..s
three lfyli; lhe fruit is roullddh, \Virh an obhque wing.
T ht:rc are three fpecies, fjOnt~ of them nauyes of Hritain.
R .~ I L. in orni' hology . Soe R AL L U S.
R ,Il N . water wh, ~h d, rcends Iro!U dIe clollds in form of
drops o( w2ter.
RalO is appa rendy .he precipit:Hed vapouls or watery
clOf. J S: lhus, when vtl rious congeries of d ouJ s are dri–
ven logethcr by Ihe agilatlon of the winds. they l1lix and
r UII into one l>pdy. antl by lhat means dlflolve con~
oenfe cach oTller into lhctr former fubltilnce of water:
alfo Ih~ culdn\!fs of Ihe air i5 a grcat mcans lOcn!Je(t ,
compa~ . and condenfe c1o\4ds 'nlO wate:-; which being
hcavlcr Ih<in lhe alr. mu{( of ncceffi ty fal! lhrough il in
lhe:: rorm \lit! c~1I rain. Now lhe reafon why il (alls in
dl ops . and nOl in whole quanlities, as it bc:comes con.
dl'nled. is lhe ref'ill.tnc~ or the air ; whereby be:ing t-.ro_
kt:n. tlnd divideJ inlo fmaller and (m.dler parts the far_
thl r il ptlfl~s tllrough lhe it al lan arri'lcs lO us in
f:Hall o, ops.
Mr.