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o D E ( 4 10 ) o E e
I!inal Heb~ow bOlh in H ebrew aod Greek charaélers,
Grc!:::k verfions. &c.
OCT.~ rEUCH, ao appcllalioó givco to Ibe ei~hl fidl
bocks of the Old T elhment. •
OCT'A:VE; in muGcl{, an harmonical intervdl, confilling
of feven dcgrec$, or lelfer intervals . Sée M u s Ie K.
OCTOBER, io chronology, the t<oth mooth of the
Julia" year, conlil1iFtg of thirty~one cI;:¡¡ys: it obtained
the name of Oaober (rom its bcing the eighth month
in the kaleodu of Romulu•.
OCTOSTYLE, io th·e .ocient archilcélure, is Ihe face
of an edifice adorned Wifh eight columns.
OCULUS, the eye, io aoatomy. See AN ATO MY, p.
289.
OCULUS BELI, in natural hiílory, one ofthe remi-pe lu~
cid gems, of a gleyifh whire colour, variegated v.ith
yellt]w, and with a black ce~tral nueleus: it is of a
roundilb form, . and its variegations vcry beautifuIJy
repreleot the pupil aod iris of Ihe eye; wbence ,he
name.
OCULUS Mt'Npt. one of the femi . pellucid gems, of.a
whitifh.grey colour, without any variegations .
OCZAKOvV, • pOrt·lo,,"n of European T urky, the ca·
pital of BudziaeTartary' : E. long. 35°, N . lat. 46°.
ODA, in .the T u kith feragl io, ti20iiies a claCs, order,
or ehamber. T he grand feignior's page. are divided
inlo 6ve clalTes or chambers. The 6rll, whieb ii Ihe
loweil: io dignilY, is ealled Ihe grea, oda, from ,he
great number of perfons tltat eompofe it: thefe are the
juniors, who are taught 10 rcad, write, aDd fpeak the
languages. The fecond, is ea!led the litde oda; where
from ,be age of fourteen or 6ftecn years, till aboll'
'lIIeoty, the.yare Iraioed ~p to arlll6, aod the (ludy of
. 11 the polite learning Ihe Turks are aequaioted with.
Tbe ,hird chamber, ca!led kilar oda, eonGil:s of '\VO
·hunqred pages, which, befldes their other ~xerciCes,
are under the command of tbe kilardgi.baehi, aod
-fcrve ió the .paotr?, .nd frui'ery. T he fourtb co"G(1s
oolyoCtweoty four, who are uoderthe commaod of tite
kbazined. baehi, aod have eharge of ,he treaCure in
~the g'F3nd ~feignior's aparlment, which {hey never enter
with cloaths tha, have pockets. The fjflh is ealled
ka.·oda, or privy.ehamber, and is compoCed of ooly
forty pages, who altend iD the prince's chamber. E~
very oight eigh, of ,hefe pages keep guard io the
grand feignior's bed ehamber, wbile be /Jeeps: they
take care tbat the ligbt, \Vhi~h is eooil:andy kep' in the
room, dqes oot glare io his eyes, len it thould .wake
him; aod if lhey 6nd him difturbed wi,h troublefome
dream., they cauCe him to be awaked by ooe of their
agas.
ODA BACHI, or OooOBASSl, among ,be Turks, an
officer equivalent. to a ferjeaot or corporaJ aRlong uso
ODE, io poe,ry, a fong, or a compoGtioo proper 'o be
fungo
Amoog · ,h e aoeients, odes figni6ed no more thao
fong: ; but with us they are very difFerent things.
The ancient qdes were generally c.ompofed iDhonour
of tbeir god., as many of ,hoCe of Piodar and H orace.
Thefe bad origio_lly but ooe fianza, or firophe ; bu,
af~U\llards they " 'ere divided iOlo · tbree parts, lhe
¡¡:opoe. the .r.tiOroph" . nd the epode. The priefls
goi n.c round the altar finginz the praires of ~he gods,
callcd the ñrn eot~'lnce, when.xht:y lurned tO the Jcft,
the I1rophe j Iht fe.:o.1d, turning to Ihe right , rhe:y
caBed anti!lrophe, or returning í 3nd, y, Handmg
before the altar, they fung the remainder, which they
calJed the epode. .
H eroes aod ' riumphs were alfo Cubjeéls for the ode; and
in cou~Ce of time lave and entcnainments w.:re hk:!wi l!
though t very Cuitable to it . . Here .\n.h:reon and Sap–
pho excelled, and H oraee has 10ft us Come ofboth Corto
wrote with pecultar Cwee~nefs aod elegance. Among
the moderos, D rydcn's ode on S, Cecilia·. day, and
.P"pe's on the fubjeél, are juil:ly a(Jowed tO exceed
every thing of the kiod, either iD this, or in any of the
mouern laoguage-s.
ODENSEE, the capital of Funeo, one of Ihe largefi of
,he D1Óith iO.ods io the B. ltie, fituated fevanty·twa
miles weil:.of Copenbagen.
ODER, a river which rifes in the Carpatbian moUotaiDs,
on the confines of Hungary; runs Ihrough Silefia and
"Brandeoburgh ; and theo feparating ,he eaflero frol1l
the wel!ero Pomerania, divides itCelf iOlo feveral chao·
neis, aod fa(Js into ,he Bahie Cea.
OO ER is alCo a ,own of SileGa, Iituated 00 Ibe river of
,he Came nam~: E. long 17° ,,', N . la,. 49~ 45'.
ODERBERG, a to\Vn in the duchy of Silefia, in Bohe·
mia, fit u~ted' on the river Oder: E. long. 17" 45",
N 1. 1. 50° 6'.
ODERNHEIM, a to",o of G ermany, in ,he palatio...
of ,he R hine, 6fteen miles fouth of Menlz.
ODEV M, in Grecian antiquity, a muGck.theatre, buil,
by r erieles, the infide of whieh was filled with feats
.!'nd ranges oC pi(Jars: aod 00 the oatude the roof de.
fcended fhelving downwards from a, point in the cenHc,
with maoy bendings. in imitatioo of the kiDg of Per–
fid'S paviJion. Hertthe muCica! pri-zes were conteaded
for; and here alfo, accordiDg 'o Ariil:opbaoe., was a
tribunal.
ODIHAM, a market·t<iwn of Hamplhire, IWeOty miles
oonh·eail: of W ioeheller.
ODONTALGIA, tbe TOOTH ACR, in medicioe. See
M ED I CINE.
ODONTOIDE, in aoatomy, an appeUatioo given 'o a
proeeCs of the feeood vertebra of lh.. neek, Irom its
reCemblttnce to a tooth
ODOROUS, or ODORtFEROUS, appe!!ation. given to
whatever fm eU. firongl y, whetber they be fe,id or
agreeable : but chieBy 'o tbiogs \Vhofe fmeU is brilk,
and agreeable.
ODYSSEY, a celebra,ed epic poem of Homer, wherein
are relaled lhe adveo,ures of UlylTe. io bis returo
from the fiege of Troy.
OECONOMtCS, ,he art of managing the afFain of a
falniJy, or commuDiry ; and heoce t~e perfoD who
takes care of the revenues and otheraffairs of churches,
monafteries, and the like, is termed oeconomus.
OECONOMY, the prudeDt eonduél, or difereet
and frugal management, wherner of a mao's OWD e–
(late, or that of another.
Ani1llal OE CONOMY) comprebends the various operaúons
of