1000000031

P II

J t is fouoJ ir, E¡:)'pl, Arabia, feme ports of

'~I<

E " n· ln–

dil!s, :.Ind in ma-r.y

p'tns

of Europc:: : chofe of Europe

are prin

.ip.tlly

(ram Bohemia, and are of a frccnirh

eyln\

colnur; die colcur of oth'r:r oj>als much

rcfembles {he fin eU mother of pearl, its bclfis

rt:eming

a llluilh or

gieyiOl

whi,b.

tlln wilh

a property of re.

11..~ling

all lhe coJours of the rainbow, as turncd dlf–

ferently to the ligh[,

OPALlA, in

anri~uity,

fealh celebrared at Rome in

honour

[he goddefs Ops , V.lIro

f.ys

thoy lVere

held on

lhe

nineteen¡h of Oecember, which was one of

lhe d).ys of lhe

Salll rnalia:

lhere tWO (eans \VeTe ce–

l.brat« 1 in the fame mon,h, beeaufe Saturn and Qps

Wcre

hulband

anJ wife: lhe \'OW5

ofT.:rcd

th!! god–

ders

were

nude fitting on {he

ground.1

OPERA, a dram..ic compufition fet to ",uf:c, and f"nc

on {he

lhge,

accomp.lOied \Virh murical inl! rumcOts, and

enriched with magOlhCcDt

drelT~s,

,machines, and other

decorations.

OPERATION, in general, ,he

of eKerting or exer–

cifing fome power or

f.eu!

ly, upon whieh ao e/feét

follow"

QPERATION, in

chirurgery, denotes a methodical aaion

of the hand on the humao body, in order t o reeftablifh

h..ltb. See SUROKRY.

OPERATOR, a perfon

who

performs an operation.

OPHID1UM, in i1:hthyology, a geous belonging to the

order of apode., The head is fomewhat naked ; the

teeth are

the jaw!, pa.late, and fauces; there are

feven rayo iD ,he gill membrane; and the body is fha_

ped like a fword . There are twO fpecies,

viz,

thebar–

batum, with rour cirrí

and (he imborbe, which has

no cirri, and the tail is

blllnt.

OPHIOGLOSSUM, in botan

y, ..

genus of the crypto.

g.rni'a 61ices claf., Tbe fpike i. jointed. There are

fcven fpecies, only one of which,

OIiz.

the vulgatum,

or adders.tongpe, is a native of Britain.

OPHIOMANCY, io antiqui,y, the an of rn.king pre–

diélions from ferpeots, T bus Calch.. , on feeing

ferpent devour eigbt fparrow. with ,heir dam, foretold

Ihe duratioo of the uege of Troy. And

th~

fe veo

quoils of

ferpent tha< \Vas ·feen

Anchifes'. tomb,

were interprcted to meaD the feven years that }Eneas

wandered from place

place before he arrived in

Latium.

OPHIORHIZA, in balany, a geAus of the pentandri.

monogyni. claf,. Tbe calix i, fUDneJ.fhaped ; the ger–

men is bifid ; at has two lligmata; and [he fruit ha$

t\t'o Jobes; (here are two fpecies, none of them Dalives

or Bri[ain.

OPHIOXYLON, in botany,

geou. of the polygamia

monoeeia claf" The corolla aDd calix of the herma–

phrodi[e confin. of

6ve

fegmeots; i, has five namioa,

and one pinillum: The calix of ,he male i, bi6cj;

,he corolla is funnel-fhaped, with a cylindrieal neét._

rium aear the inner edge, and confins

6"e feg–

menn ;

has ooly two Ramina. There is but one

fpecie!, a native of Ceylon.

OPHITES, in natural hinory, a forl of variegated

marble, of a dulky-green grouod, fprinklod with (pots

of a lighter grecn, otherwife callecj ferpeodne.

VOL.

111. N°,

66.

OrH ,'rE

church hillory, Chrifl ian

l¡crCliQ ,

(n c"I:! n.

bOlh

(rom

the

vrncr,ltion they

had for Ihc

r~.:r ?t'nt

that tempted Eve, amI the ",orOtip the)'

p.id

real

fcrpen[.

OPH RYS,

in hot:lny, a genus or the

byn;¡n,iti~

di.!O(!r·: :¡

clars.

The ne{talium

has a kind of

c:lrin~

on lhe

ur:~

dcr

parto

There

are

fpecies,

eleven of \..

hich

are

n;u ives

or Britain

OPHTH A LMI A, in medicine, an inAamm..ion of rhe

membranes wnich ¡oven the eye; trpecially

lllc

ad·

ni\ta.,

or albugineous

co~t.

Sfe

MEDIClt\E.

QPHTHA LMI CNERV E S SeeANATOMy,p. '248 .

OPHTHALMOSCOPY, a branrh o( phyfio&nomy,

which

d~duces

[he

kno'.d cdge of a

man's

lempcr

ar.d

m¡;nners from lhe "'ppearance or his eyc!s.

Ol'lATES, medicines of a thieker confillenc< than •

fyrup, prepared w¡th opium fearcely Auid. T ite)' confiil

or various ingredients, made up with honey or fyrup;

and are to be ufed

for a

long

time

either ror

purgatiR,

alterative, or corroborative ¡oteodons .

The word opiate is airo ufed, in geDeraJ', for any

medicine giyen wilh

¡ntcritioo

procure

Oeep,

whether in the form of deét\laries, drops,

pilJs.

OP1NION, i, de6ned 'o be an

a/fent~f

the mind 'o pro–

pOGtiODS DOt evidently true

6rn ligb'.

OPlSTHOTONOS, io medici ne, a kiod of convulGo••

wherein the body is beot baekward•.

O'plUM, in the materia medica, i.

infpi/f.ted juiee,

partly of the refinous, and partly of ,he gummy kind.

brough [ to us in cakes from eigh[ ounces 'o a pound

weight.

is very hcavy, of

denCe tcxture,

ar.d

nOl perfeflly dry ; but, in general, eaGly

rec(iv~s

imprelJíon from the finger : ¡ts colour is a brownif'h

yello..., fo very dark and duíky ,hal

6rn i[ appea..

blaek : i, has a dead aod faiDI fmell, and ilS tdlle i.

very biner 2nd acrid .

is to be chofen moder.nely

6rm, and no' tOO roft; its fmell and tane fh ould le

very (lrong, aDd care is to be taken tbat (hefe is nI,)

diny or fiony malter in

it.

Opium is the juice of Ihe p'paver album, or white

poppy. with ,which the 6eld. of Afia Minar are iD

many places fown, as ours are with corno

"Then the

heads are ncar ripening. they wound them with an in–

nrumen, tha, has five edges, which

being nuek in–

to the head makes at once I1ve long cuts in it ; and

(rom

there wounds .the OpiUDl flows, and is next <:lar

raken off by a perfon who goes rouod ,he 6e1d, and pue

up io a ve/fel ",hieh he carries faneoed

his gird le ;

at lhe fame time that this opi\lm is colleéled, the op·

pofite fide of the poppy he.d is ,,!ounded, and the

pium colleélea from it the nex[ day. They dillinguifh,

however, the produce of the firn wound. from that of

the fueceeding ooes; for the firl! juice afforded by the

plant is greatly fuperior to what is obtained arterwards.

After ,hey have eolleéted ,he opiurn, they moillen ie

w¡th a fmaJl quantity of water or honey, and \\'ork it

a long time upon a tlat,

~ard,

and fmoolh board, wnh

a ,hick aod ([rong innrumen[ ofthe fame wood, ,ill it

becomes of the conGneoce pf pitch ; and then work ir

up with their hands, and forro i, ioto

c. ke.

or roll.

for

r.le

5 M

OpiuGl