37 / 868
M A R
t ake ioto his euflody a1l perCoa. eommitted by that
"Court.
M ARS HAL
el/he exchef uu,
an officer
tO
whom that caurt
commics lile king's dc:blars.
MA
R6HAL
o[
l /U
ling'l hall,
an officer
who has (he
care
of pl.tcing the hO'.J.Cthold (ervants ¡nd I1rangers at
(able,
accordiog
tO
(heir quality.
MARSHAL,
or
MARE SC HAL,
of France, an officer of
the ,~reatc:ll
digolty
In
the French "rmies. When
( \YO
or more madhals are in
me
arrny,
lhe
elden com–
mands.
M ARSH '\LLING • eoal, in heroldry, is Ihe dirpoCal
of feveral
co.usof arms belonging to dil1inél
fdmili es,
in one and the fame efcutcheon or fhield, together witb
thei r orn aments, P'lrts, and
appunenaoces.
M .-\RSHFIELD, a marke' ·towo of W iltlhire, ,hirty–
miles north-wdl of SaliCbury.
M :\RSHMALLOW, io
bo~y.
Se< AL.THAOA.
M _,RS ILEA, in botaAY, • genus of t e erypwgamia
clafs . The rnthene are four, and
pi""
a
on an ob,ufe
Jy
cooie
body:
the ffuir is of a roun
inl
figure, con
fiCling of four cells, in each of which are conu ined fe
veral roundi!b feeds. Therc are two fpecies,
~
of
thcm nalins of Briuin
SI
MARTHA, a eily and port-,own of T erra Firma,
in
South America. and [he capital of the provin...e of
S,
Martha:
W.
long.
74°
30,
N. la,
11
° 45'·
MARTIAL LAW, is lhe laIV of war, whieh enmely de–
peods (.n [he arbitrary power of
lhe
prince, or of thoCe
lO whom he has delegated it. For ,hough ,he king
can make no laws io time of peace without the cooCeot
of parliament, yCt in time of waT he ufes
3D
abCoJule
pon cr over the arrny.
MARTIN in zoology. See MUSTELA.
Capr
MAR. T ( N,
a promontory of Valencia, in Spain, on
the Mediterranean: it is uoderlhe meridian of L ondoo:
N .
la.
38°
so'.
MARTINGALE, in ,he m.oege, a thong of lea,her,
faflened 'o one end of ,he girths under ,he belly of a
horre, and al (he orher enct tO (he mufs ·roll, to keep
him from realing.
MARTINICO. ,he chief of Ihe French C.ribbee·iOands,
Cituotted in 6
lO
of weH long aod between
' 4
0
and .
SO
N.
lal
h i, fixty miles long, bUI is fcarce twenty
broad in any parto
MARTLETS, in heraldry, liule birds reprefented wilh–
OUI feel, alld ufed as a difference or mark of d¡flinCtioo
for younger brothers, to put them in mind Ihat lhey
are to trun to the wings of vinue and merít, in order
to raife themCelves, aod not their feet, they having
linle land
10
fet Iheir fool on
See
PI
ate CX fig.
2 .
MARTYNIA, in bOI:t1ty, a genu. of ,he didynamia
angiofpermia clafs. The calix confifls of hve {egments;
the corolla is ringent : aod the capCule is woody, Wilh
a hooked beak, two valves, and (bree cells. There
are two Cpeci .. s, bOlh natÍvts of America.
MARTYR , is one \Vho lays dowo his Jife or fuffers
de.,h for ,he fake of his religion.
MARTYROLOGY, is
a
ea-alogue or lin of martyrs,
includ,nn ,he hiflory of ,heir Jives
and
Cufferiogs for tbe
Cake of
rel'gioo.
28 )
M A S
The martyrologies draw their materif\ls from
th~
kalend.Hsof
pUl
tlcular churches, in whi<..h lhe {c:vcral
felti\'als dt!'dlc.Jted
to th(!m
are nnrked; aud 'd llcn
{eem
tO
be dertveJ trom lhe prttt'bce of the ancient
Romans, \Vho lorerted the
names;
01
beroes
and
grc3t
m!!n
ia
thetr
fCiI!',
or
pulJlic regdiers .
The marlyrologles art: ven nUnl:::rous, and conh in
many ridiculous antl even cont rddlélory narratlv s ;
which is ealily accoulltl'd for,
ir
\Ve con(¡Jer ho\V O1ot"Y
forged "dnd fpu rious d,ccounts
of
the li ves of {aints <tnd
manyrs appcarcd in the firíl: "ses of the church , whicn
the legcndary writers
~fterwa rds
adoptcd wnhout exa·
miOl ng iOto the tluth uf
th~m.
Ho ....ever, lome guod
crllics. of l.:i1e
yeArs,
h~ve
gone a great way towards
clearing lhe! Jivt:s uf rhe Caints <lnd m lrtyrs from the
monfl rous
he.tpof
.~ébon
they lalJ lured under
M AR VEL o/ P,.u, in botany
See MI RAB' LIS .
MARY M-\.GDAL EN"s OAY, a fefl i••1
01'
lh: Romilh
thu.
eh, o'
lerved on ,he twenty-fl!cond of July.
MARYGOLD See CA LTHA.
CGrn
MA RYGO LD .
See
CHRV,54NTHEMUM.
Frcnch
l\IARYGO LD,
In botany
S Ct
TAGETES .
M AR YL :\ND one Wf ,he Briol!} pla'"atlons io North
America, (jluated
~tween
74° and 78° W loog. and
bel ween
;8
o
ótnd
40° N
lar.
MASCULINE. or MASCUL'''' GENOE R. • mong
grarnmartans, thal belongtng
10
lhe! male. See
G RA Mo.
MAR
M ASHAM, • m>rket to\Vn ofYork/hi re, Gluated ,wenty–
four miles nonh ·wen of tbe city
of
York.
MASK
See MAsQ..uE .
M ASON. a perfon employed. under ,he direétion of
an
architeél, in raifir'lg of
a
Hooe hUtldlng
Free and acuplrd
M .\Soss,
a
Y(!ry
anClent focitty or
body of men, fo calleo, eitbt'r troOl Come extraordiniiry
knowledge of mafonry or 'milding which Ihey are
fuppofed 'o be maflers of, or bccaure Ihe firn fuuoder.
of the foeiety were perfons of rh" profrllion. Thefe
aTe now very confiderable, both fu r nUnlber and chao.
ra8er, being found in every counlry in Europt, ¡ud
confilling principally of perfons of merit and confidera–
tiun. As
la
antíquity, Ihey lay claim
10
a flanding of
fome lhoufand years. W hat the end of thei r inflitution
¡s, reems fliU in fome meaCure a {ecret ; and they i=lrc
raid tO be admined inlo Ihe fraternity by being pUl in
po{1effion of
l
great number of fecrets. called the ma–
{on's word, which have beeo religioufly kepI from age
to age, being never divulged.
MASONRY, in general, a br.nch of arehi,eéture,
eo~fifiing in lhe art of hewing or {quaring llones. and cuto.
ting them level or perpendicular, for the u{es of build–
in.~:
bUI, in a more Iimited
feo{e,
ma{onry is the an oí
alTembling aod Joining flones together with manar.
See
AReH 1T EC T U RE.
MASS, in ,he eh.reh of R9me, ,he olliee or prayers
UfLd at the celebration of the eucharifl j or, in other
words, conCecrating the bread and \Vine ioto ,he body
and blood of Chrifl, and offering ,hem. fo tran(ubfl.n–
tia.ted, as an expiatory facrifi ce for the quick and lhe
dead. As the mars is io general believed to be a re..
preCeo,a,ioo
oC
the paJlioo of our blelfed S••iour, fo
evcry