1000000031

M A T

( 3° )

M A T

.lIt

is by

mean. ' o !le ufed :;s mlrHch for aay of ,he

medit;inal purpo[es.

the doétrine of an abColute

p!~nllm,

anJ

make

conij(h:nt ",ith the ['Ihrenomcnon of motion,

be.

Maílich. is detergene, aChingent, and flomachic; ir

is greatly recommend(d in

invctcnte

coughs a:'ld a–

gainfl (pitting of blood.

flreng,hens ,he flomaeh,

alTifls digdlion. and fiops \'omitiog.

M ASTIGADOUR, or SLABBERlNG·nIT, in ,he ma–

nege, a [naBle of iroo, all [maoth. and of a piece,

guarded with paternoHers. and compofed of three halfs

of grear rings, made ioto demi-ovals, of unequal big–

ncfs '¡ the leffer being

incloreé!

within

lhe

greater.

which ought

be abollt haH a

fOOl

high .

MA 'r~RIA

MED I CA,

comprehend, aU the fu!lnanccs ei–

ther ufed in meJicinc in their natural ttate, or which

afford preparalions that are fo; (hefe

belo.lg

p:\rtly tO

the animal. partJy to the vegetable, and partly to lhe

ron.l kingdom.

MASULIPAT AN, a ei,y and pore

' O\Vn

of ,he hi,her

Io:lia: E. long.

8 ,°,

and N . la,. , 6°

,8'.

M ATAMAN, • eouOlry in lhe foulh-wcft of Arríe.,

boundt:d

Benguelo. on

lhe nonh ;

M~nomotapa.

on lhe can:;

Caffraria, 00 lhe

Couth

and

the

Atlaotic oce:ui, on che wdL

MATAPAN

CAPE,

in,hdV~ea,

lhcfou,hmofl promon–

toryar Europt:. tituated in

E.long .

2j o,

N.lae

,¡6°.

MATCH, a kiod of rape Oiglllly ,wi[led, and pr<p.–

red to retaín fire for rhe uft:s

anillery, mines, fire–

works,

6,.

is made or hempen tOW, Cpun on the whed like

cord. but Yery flack; ::lnd is compr,f.:d of three

\Vífis,

which are arterwards again covercd \· ..ith tO\\!, fo that

the twíns do nOI appear: laCUy, it is h"ilcd in lhe lees

old ...ines. This, when once Jightt-d at

lhl.!

end ,

burns on gradually and regularly, without cver going

ou" lill ,he whole be confumed,: ,he harden aod dridt

match is generally rhe ben.

MATCHING, in ,he wine trade, ,he preparing vdrcls

to preferve wines and other liquors, without their

g roWing four or \'apid. -¡'he method of doing it, is

as follo\\!s: melt brimUone in ao iron Jadle, and wheR

thoroughly melted,

dip

ioto it Oirs of coarCe Jinen-cloth ;

take theCe out, and let them cool : this rhe \Vine coop–

ca)) a match; takc one of there marches, Cer one

cnd of it on fire, and pur ir ioto lhe hung-hole of a

calk; flop it loofdy, ano thus fuíTer the match to

burn nearly OUt: then drive in the bung tight, and fel

tbe caOc afide for ;,rn bour or IWO.

Al the er.d of this

time

examin~

the can<, 'and you

will

find rhH the fui·

phur has communicaled a violcnt pungeDt and furroca·

tiDg fcenl

l O

the calk, with a confidcrabJe degree of

acidity, which

the gas and acid fpir!t of the fulphu r .

The#cal1< mayafler this be filled \Vith .a fmall wine, ,,

which has fcarce none its fermentarían; and bunging ir

down ,igh" i, \ViII be kep' good, and will foon c1arify :

this

a common and very cfdul method; for many poor

wines could fcaree be kept potable e\'en a few montbs

witbout it.

D ura

MATER. Se< A NA'rO>1V, p.•84'

P ia

~1AT E IL

See

ANATOMY,

p 285-

MATERAN, ,he capital ofa kingdom of,he fame

o.me,

fitn.ted on ,he (ou,h eoafl of ,he ifland of J ava. This

city is faid tO lie in E . long_

J 10°,

S. lat. 7° 45'-

MATERIA SUBTILJS, denotes a fioe fubule matter,

\~hi(h

lhe

Carte{ian~

Cuppofe to prrvade and peDetrate

frec~y

,he pares of all hodies,

611 up all ,heir pare.

fo ..

not to leave the lean vacuity or intcrflice between

\hem ,·· ,hey h'ld reccurfe 'o ,his machine 'o fupport

T hc preparation, and "irtues of all whieh are deli·

vered under their refpcétive anicles , bUI in as concife

and ferupulous a manner as we poffibly could; (¡nce

\Ve

cannor but remark, thar it

too frequcnr

writers

on the materia medica, to give us rarher encomiun15

than impartia! accouors of rhe fimpl es they rreat of.

M ATHEMATICS, origio. lly figniGed any difc;pline or

learning; bUI,

prefent, denotes (hat fc¡toce "which

teaches, or contemplares, wharever is

capabl~

o[ being

numbered or mearu red , in fo fa r as computable or

fllc!aCurable ; and accordingly is fubdivided into

A·

rilhmt:tic, which has

oumb~rs

for its ObjClq, and Cc!–

om\."ry, which ueats of

m ..

gnilude. See

AflITHNE-

TICK

and

GEONETRY.

•

Mi\themalics are commonly ditlinguifhed ioto pure

and fpeculative, wh¡.ch coafidcr fluanti ry abfiratledly ;

and mixed, which

t~at

of magnitude as fubfilting in

material bodics, and confequcOtly are interwo\'en every

where with rhyfical con(jderations.

Mixcd mathematies are very compreQcnfivc

fin ee tO

them may be referred Afironomy, Optics, Gcography,

HydroUalics, M cchanics. Fortil1cation, N:wlgation,

Ó,.

See the anicles

ASTR.ONOMV,

OPT ICS,

&c.

Pure mathemalies have one peculiar advantage, . that

they occafioD no d¡fputes among wrangliJlg difputants,

in other branches

'af

knowleúge; and rbe re;;¡fon

¡s,

becaufe the definiríons of rhe tel ms are premifcd,

and

cvery body

tl1Jt

reads a propofition has the fame idea

of e\'ery par[ of

it.

H ence

is eafy to pur

cnd to

all

mathemalical controverfies.

Ihewing. either that

our adverfary has not Huck to his delinitions, or has

Dar bid down true premilTes, or elfe that he has drawn

falfe conclufions from true principies ; and in cafe

\Ve

are ¡ble tO do neilher of thefe, we mua acknowledge

the trulh of what he has pro\'cd .

tru~,

that in mixed mathematics, where we rea–

fon malhematically upon phyfical

fubjelh,

we cannot

~i" e

fuchjufl deCinitions a$ lhe geomclricians: we muR

thcrefore ren Contcnt \Vilh defcriptioos; and lhey will

be of the Carne ufe as definitions.

provid~d

we are coa·

finent with ourfelves, and always mean the fame thing

by thofe terms wc have once e."plained .

Dr. Barro'." gi\'.cs a mon elegolnr

def~riprion

of the

excellence and ufefuJoefs of ma.thematicaI kflowledge,

lús inaugural oralioo, upon being appoioted profc:ffor

of malhemHics al Cambridge.

The marnematics, he oblerves, efTl!tlually exerciCe,

nOI vainly delude, nor vexatiouOy torment, lIudious

minds \Vith obfcure fubrihies; but plainly demonflrate

every thing withín their reach, draw cena," conduli–

on" inflru[t by proritable rute" ólnd unfold plcaf.lOt

queClions. Thefe difciplines Jikewife enure and corro·

bprate

rhe mind tO a coon",ot diligence in jl:udy; they

who:ty dclivcr us from a credulous fimplicity.

nlOn

t1ronsly fonify us aS.ion lbe vaoity of feep,icilm, ef-

aual