1000000031

MonAL

1> 11

L O S O

H Y.

fai!hful in fu! tilling our p. rt of !hen!. And ir !he other

' party violatcs his

engagemenls.

rcdrcr~

fough t

from the

law!=,

or from

rhore

\I.'ho il re lotru{lcd wlth [he

excclltion of

them.

fine,

the

commercia! virtues

2nd dUli!!s

rcquiTe

(hilt wc not

ooly

do not invade. bu t

maintain

tht:

ri ~hts

of others ;-that

\Ve

be falr aod ¡m–

partitll in - rransferring.

bJrt~'riDg,

exc~a~giog pro~er·

(y.

wh('ther in go'f,ds or

fervlce

;-and be InYlolably fauh·

fui

car "'ord and

OUT

engagem~n(5,

where lhe matter of

, hem is

nOl

criminal, aod where (hey are

Dot

extortcd

by, force.

Social

D uliu

Ihe

POLtTtCAL

Kind.

"iE

are now arrived al the lan and higben o,der of

d~ties

refpeéllng fociety, which

reruh

from rhe exercifc

of (he mon

generous a,.nd

heroie

afFeétions, and

are

found–

cd on

OUT

mon elegant conneétions.

The facial principIe in man i. of fuch an expanfive

muur! , that it caonot be. confined

withm

the circuit of a

lily, of friends, or

ti.

neighbourhoorl; it fpreads ioto

WI H

fyUems, and draws m en inlo

Inrg~r

coofeder:acies,

cor.l31uoities, and commonweahhs.-h is

thefe ooly

that

the higher powers of our nature attain (he higheíl:

improvemcnt and perfeélioD of which tbey are capable.

Thefe principIes hardly find objeél, iD the folitary nate of

naturc. There the principie of aaion rifes no higher at

fanhefi: than natural afFeétion towards ooe',

ofFs~ring.

Thcre pelfonal or

family

\VanlS entirely coerofs the crea·

t ure',

atteotloo aod labour, and allow

0 0

leiCnre, or,

they did,

exerciCe for views aod afFeétions of a more

eol.rged kind

In folitude all are employed iDIhe fame

w 'tty, in providing for rhe animal life. Aod even after

t heir utmOn labou r and care, fingle .nd unaide5l by Ihe

indunry of others , they find but a forry f9pply of Iheir

w aots, and

feeble precarious fecurity agaioCl dangers

(rom wild beaf!., from ioclement llties and feafons, from

the minakes or petulant paffions of their fellow-creatures,

.from their

preferenc~

of themCelves to their neighbours,

and from all the litíle exorbitances of felf·love. BUI iD

fociety, the mutual aids which meDgive and receivc Chort–

en the labours of each, and the combincd nreD&th and

reafan of individuals give feeurity and praletlion

the

whole body. There is both a variely and fubordination

of genius among mankind. Sorne are formed

lead and

direét others ;

contrive plan9 of happinefs for individu.

als, and af govern01eot for commuoities; to

take in

a pub.

lic ¡nteren; to iovent laws aod arts, and fuperintend their

~xecution;

and , in O.ort, to refine and ei\filize human life.

Qthers. who have not fuch good heads, may have as ho.

nen hearu , a " uly public fpirit, lave of libeny, ha"ed of

corruption and tyranny,

geocrou, Cubmiffion to laws,

ord.:r,

aod

publie innitutions, and

exteofive philan–

thropy. A nd othcrs, who havc none of thofe capacities

~ither

of heart, or head, may be wt H formed for manual

e" ercifes and borlily labour. The former of thefe princi .

pl~s

have no fcope in Colitude, where

a man's

thol1ghts

ano

conceros co

all

either eemer in himfclf, or cxtend no

euther

than a family

¡ iota w1nch liule cirele

;'\11

lhe duty

and virtue of the Colitary

mort.tI

i:t

crouJ ed.

HU(

fo ciety

6mb propl.:r ohjcéls aod c.'(crcifi..·s fo r e\'ery gcnills,

cind

· the no!lJ:jl objeéts and e>;e,ci le, for ,ho nobld l gcnuiles,

and for Ihe highen principIes in Ihe humAD colinitulion-:

panicularly for !.hal warmeC! and moll divine pallion,

which God hath kindled in our bofom., Ihe inclination

doing good . and revcreocing our nature; which may find

here both enoploymen!, and !he mon exqu,(¡te fatisfaél ion.

foeiety

man has- not ooly mOJe leirute, but beuer

opportuoities of applYlng hi. talenlS with much gre"er per–

feélioo and fuccef. , efpccially al he is furnifhed wi,h the

joint advice and alIiOance

of his

fellow creamres, who are

now more clofely united one

with

the other, ,and CuOain

common relation to the

(ame

moral Cyfiem. or community.

This then i. an objeé1 proportioned

hi. mon enlarg<d

facial affetl¡ons, and in fervi ng il he linds fcope for ,he

exercife and reGnemeot of his highén in!elleélual and mo–

ral

powers Therefore fociety. or

Oate of civil govern..

ment,

reCls

there t\Vo principel

pillars;

that io

find fecurity againn ,hofe evil. which are un..oidabl< in

fol itude; and ob,.io Ihofe goods, fome of which caonot

be obtaioed at all, and otpers nOI fo well, iD ,h" nate,

where men depend folel y on Iheir individual fagacily and

induOry."

From Ihi. fhor! delail il appea" Ihal .man i. a focial

creature, and formed for a focial nate; aod Iha! fociety,

being adapled to the hi¡;her principIes and denin"ioo. of

his nature,

mull,

neceffity, be

his natural

{late.

The

du!i~s

fuited lo Ihal /late, aod refulling from thofe

principies aod dellinarions" or, in other words, from our

focial pamoos and fucial cODoeétions, or relatíon to

a pu–

bJic fy(lem, are love of our couotry, re(jgnatloQ and

o–

bedience

the laws, public fpiril, lave of liberty, facri-

6ce of life and all to the public, aod Ihe like.

Lave of OUr coun"y is ooe óf !he Doblen paffioos Ih"

can warm and animate Ihe human bre.n.

includ~sall

the limited and panicular afFeél:ions to our pareDts, chil ...

dren, friend¡. neighbours, _f"ellow-citizeos, cOUDtrymen.

oughl lo direél and limil Ibeir more confined and par.

'tial

aétions

within

their proper and natural bounds, and

never let Ihem incroach

0 0

Ihofe facred and fir/l ..gard.

we owe to the gre,' public

which we beloog. Were

foliury ereatures, dCtRChed froOl the ren of mankind,

and withoul aoy capacity of compreheoding a public in–

terea, or without affeélions leading us

delire aod pur–

fue

¡t ,

would DOl be our

duty

to miRd it, nor

criminal

negleél i,. But,.s we are par" of Ihe public

f~nenl.

and are nOI only capable of taking in large views of its

inlerens, bUI by tbe nrongen affeélioos conneéled wilh

it,

and

prompted to take a lhare of its conceros, we are

under the mon facred ties to profecute its recurity

aRd

welfare " ith the UtmOn ardor, efpecially iD limes of pu–

bli...: tr¡al. This love of our COllntry does not import an

attachment to any particu1ar foil, cJimate, or (pot oí

eanh, where perhaps \Ve fid! drew our breath, though

thore na tural ideas are oft en aíTociatcd with the moral

c.nes, ando like external figns or fymbo l., hel.p tO afcer..

tain aod bind them; but it imporu an affeéhon to that

moral (y(lem, or commuoilY, which is governcd

the

fame laws and m:tgitlrates. and whofc fc!veral

p~rtS ar~

variouOy eonoellcd one with the othcr, and all unHcd up·

the bottom of

commoll interen. l'erh.t ps indced e

very mcmbcf of the community cannot COOlprchend {;

Iar::e an obj ca, tfpecially if il extcnus through .Iar!!..

prQvlL"l~es