1000000031

MORAL

PHI L O S O P H

IhorilY

~ncl

power

necerr.ry

10 Iheir Cupport, pro·

reétion,

~nd

t::Juc;ni,)O:

but

lhat

authority and power can

be conllrucJ

tO o:.h.'nJ

f3.nher

,han is

ne.:dr.try

l a ¡O–

C,,"er

Ihofe enos , and 10 lall no longer Ihan tI,.1 weakneC.

and ignorance continue ; whcrefore, lhe fOllndation or

re"Con of Ihe ,ulhorilY and power cealing, Ihey ceaCe of

courr~ .

\Vhatever power or 3Uthority, then, lt may be

necerrary or lawful fo r parenlS 10 exerciCe during Ihe

non.age of their children,

l O

a/Tume or

ururp

lhe

[ame

when Ihey

h.ve

allained Ihe malurity or full exerciCe of

Iheir !Irenglh .nd reaCon, would be Iyrannical and u"–

juCL Fro.m hence

is· evident, that

parenu

have no

righl to punifh Ihe perCons of Iheir children more Cevere–

Iy Ihan the nHure of their wardOlip require.; much leCs

inY3.de

their Jives, .to eocralch upon their

libcrry,

transrer them as their

propen y

O\oy

maner

wh ..tfoever.

The !idl

c1.Cs

of dUlie"S which parents oWe Iheir chil–

d rel\rcCpeél lheir n..ural hfe ; amllheCe compr, hend pro–

tcélion, nurture, provifion, introducing them ioto the

world in a

manDer

fuitable

thd r

raok and

(anUDe, and

like,

The Cecond order of dUlie. regards Ihe inlelleélual and

moral life of Iheir ehildrcn, or Iheir edue..ion in fuch

arls .od aceompliChments as 3fe oeeerrary tO qualify Ihem

for pcrfo rming Ihe dUlies they ewe 10 Ihcmfelve. aód to

others, As Ihi. was found to be Ihe principal defign of

Ihe matrimonial al1iooce, fo Ihe fulfilling Ihat defign i.

Ihe moa important and digni!ied of alllhe pareotal duties.

lo ,!rder Iherefore 10 lillhe ehild for aéling his pa" wi(ely

and worthily, as a m'"!ln, as a citizen, and a Crearure of

God, bOlh parcnts ought to combine Iheir joinl wi(dom,

authority, and power, and each apart to employ thoCe

tao

lents which are Ihe peculiar excelleney and oroamenl of

their reCpeélive Cex . The f..her oughl to lay OUI and Cu.

perinrend their educaríon ; the mothcr to excc\lre and ma–

nage Ihe detail of which Ole is capable. The former,fhould

direél Ihe maoly e"ertion of Ihe imelleélual and moral

powers of his child. His imagination, and the manner of

Ihofe excrtions, are th peculiar provlnce of the latter.

The former Olould adviCe, proleél, command, and by hi.

cxpcrieoce, mafculine vigour, and that fuperiorauthority

wh,ch is commonly afcribed 10 his fex, brace and !Irenglh–

en his pupil ror aétive life, fo r gnviry, integriry, and

hrml

neC. in CllíterioJl. The buGneCs of Ihe laller is 10 bend

and Coften he. m. Je pupil, by Ihe eharms of her conver–

falion, .nd Ihe (oflneCs . nd decenoy of hu manners, for

focial life, for polileoef. of ta!le, .nd Ihe elegdnl deco·

fUms of and enjoymeots of humanity ; and

im(Jrove

and refine Ihe lenderneC. and modeay of her female pu–

pil, and forOl her 10 all

Ihor~

rcild domeaic virtue.,

which are Ihe peculiar charaéleriaics and oroaments of

h~r

Cex.

To conduél the opening minds of Iheir C\Veet charge

Ihrough Ihe Ceve,.1 pe, iods of Iheir progreC.; 10 allia Ihem

in each perioct in throwing OUt Ihe latent feeds of reafon

and ingeouilY, and in caining frefh ace.llion. of 'light and

virtue; and at Jenglh, with aJl [hefe advantagcs, to pro–

duce Ihe young advenlDrers upon' lhe gre.. Ih eatre of hu–

m'n life,

play Iheir Ceveral pans io Ihe fight of their

{ri<nd., of focielY, and mankind,

Huil. and Servil.

D UIJ.

Ihe nalural courCe of hum.n aff.irs it mua necerra–

rily happen, Iha< Come of manklOd will live in plenly 'nd

opulence, and olhero be reduced 10 a aa te of indigence

and po,'eny. The former need Ihe labours of the laller,

and the laller Ihe provilion and CuPPOrt of Ibe former,

Thil mutual neceffi ty is the foundarían of that conneétíoD,

whelher we call il moral or civil, which fubfiUs betweeo

maUen aod ferva nll. H e who feeds anollter has a right

tOfome equívalent, the labour of him whom he mainraios,

and the fru i.. of il, And he who labours fo, anolher

h.. a right to expcét tha! he fhould Cupport him. But

as Ihe labours of aman of ordin.ary areoglh are certaioly

of grearer value Ihan mere food and c1o.lhiog ; bec.u(e

Ihey would aélually produce more. even Ihe mainlenance

of a family, were Ihe labourer 10 employ Ihem iD his own

behalf ; therefore he has an uDdoubled righl 10 rate and

di(pofe of hís fervicc for certain wages above mere

maio–

lenance ; aDd if he has iocauliouOy diCpofed of it for Ihe

Ialler oDly, yel Ihe contraét beiog of Ihe onerous kiod,

he may equitably c1aim a fupply of thal de6ciency.

Ihe (ervice be fpecified, the fervaDt is bound 10 Ihal ooly;

if oot, Iheo he i. to be conarued as bouod only tO luch

Cervices as are eonliaent wilh ,he laws of junice aDd hu–

maniry. By Ihe volunlary Cervitude 10 which he fubjeéls

himCcif, he forfeil' no righ.. bUI fueh •• are necerranly

iocluded in that Cervilude, and i. obDoxiot¡S tO no puoifh–

meot bUI Cueh as a voluntary failure in Ihe fervice may

be CuppoCed reaConably 10 require, The off'pring of fuch

fervants have a righl to thal liberty which neilher they

nor their pareots have fodei,ed .

As lo Ihofe who, beeauCe of fome heioou. offenee, or

for fome notorious damage, for which they canoDl othero.

wife com.peDfare, are condemned ro perpetual fervice;

Ihey do not, on Ihu account, forfeit all the righlS of

men ; hut thofe, Ihe 10Cs of which is oecerrary 10 fecure

fociery againn rhe like offence. for \he fUlure, or to re–

pair lhe damage Ihey have done.

W itA regard to captives taken in war.

is barbarous

and inhuman ro make perpetual llaves of them,· unlefs

fome peculiar and aggravated circum!laJices of euilt

h.ve

attend.d IlÍeir honility. The bulk of Ihe Cubjeél. of aoy

govcromenl engaged in war, m. y be fairly elleemed in–

nOCeot enemies ; and therefore

thty

have a right lO that

c1emen~y

whieh is conGnent wilh the

commo~

fafelY: of

mankind, and the particular Cecurilyof tha< focrety agamíl

which Ihey are engaged, Though ordinary capliv..

ha~e

a grant of rheir live.; yet to pay Iheir liberty as an equl–

valent, i. much 100 high a price, There are olher way'

of acknowledgiog or relurning the (avour, than by fur–

rt ndering ",hat is far de..er Ihao life ilCelf, To th?Ce

\\fho,

under .pretext of the

neceffitic~

of commerce, dnve

the .nnatural trade of bargaini ng for human fleCh, and

configDing their innoceDt but uofonuoate fellow-creatures

to elernal Cervilude and miCery, \Ve may addreC.

th~ wo~ds

of fine writer'

Let avarice dt::fend it as

WIJI,

Ihere i. an honefÍ rc1uétance io humanity ag.ina buying

and Cellios and regarding IhoCe of our O\V.o fpecies as our

'vealth and porreOioo,,"

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