1000000031

2 j2

1\1 O

ti.

P Il

L O S O

r n

lhe

wlnts

of one

['h!riC'll

{uPr,licd

t!H' C:lfl::l.cities of ano

{ber, ;10 1 (he

\t'~n.:

;r.JI

of onc

6 ":

(,111)'

lh.!

flil'OS

of anot:ll' r.

H~r.dcs th( r~.

there

21e otlh.' r

r allioos

ar.,\

a!T~{ti("lns

of a

lérS

amblll::Hory D.u ure; nut rcculiJ,r tO one pl!riod,

bUl 1.>::!vngll1g

c\".:.ry ílf!l',

JliJ

alling

more cr

Icfs

in e–

T~l'y

br":il:l

throughoul

I¡!lo:

fU';:l

are, (df love, bcncvo·

lene.:. lo,'\! uf

Ji fe,

hononf,

lham:.,

hope,

fCM,

dtr:re, "'–

-redioo,

joyo

forro \V, ;mga,

~nd

lhe

Ilkc.

The two

lidl

are

all~l.'lions

of a cooler ¡Irain; one pointing

(he good

of (he inJividu:\l,

lhe

oth':r

th.u of the

CreCil" : joyo

and (orro\\', hope anJ

fe.lf

f,,:clH 10

be onl),

modiGcalH1ns,

ordi(fercnt cxertions

the

(~mc ori~ln.t1

"tfeclioos or

I""e:

and hatred, edire '-nd H edioo , arifing from the ditrc:rent

circum!lan-.:t's or polition of

the

objetl. ddircd oro i1bhnrred ,

prcfent or

abft:nt.

From there

hk..:wifc arife o

ther

f~;onct.lry,

or occa(ion:d paf!ions. which dept:nd,

tlS

their

exinencc

and fcvcral

degr~es.

upon

the

original

aí[~él¡ons

being gratified

difappointed ¡as, anzcr,

COO') ·

pbcencC', conlidcncC', j('1lo'lfy,love, hatrcd , d\ j :élion, ex–

uh:l:ion , conlentmcm, J irguÜ, which do nOl furm leading

piJ liDos, but r.Hhe r hold of

[!lem.

By thef" r.r..pl., but powerfnl fprings, whe<her perio·

dic.tl

or hxed, the life of man, weCik and indigent as he i5,

is prcfc,red

ami

CecureJ ; and lhe crelturc

pror.lpttd

conlbol rouod of al.'l.ion, eveo tOfuppl y his own AlIme·

rous aou c\'cr. returning wants , anJ to guard againfl the

\'arious ctangcn iJod c\'ils tO which he is obnoKious. By

theCe links, meo are connca'cd with each other, formcd

ioto f<tmdies, dr:lwn ioto pan icular COOllllllnities, anu

all

UOilCO,

as hy

COOlmon Jt'ague. ioto one fyHem or body,

whofc members (eel and (ytupathiz-: one with anotht::r.

B y this adm:rablc tldjullmc:nt of the conl1itution of mao

to his n:\te. and (he gradual cvolution of his po\Ycrs, or.

der is m,intaincd, fociety u['held, ,nd hum.n I,(e fi lled

with

that

variety of paflian anlÍ ¡(tio", whieh at once en·

Jiven and d'v

<rr.fy

il.

Th:s

a O!Ort

Ikch

of th!! prillcip11 mo"eme nlS

the hum:!.n mind .

lt (he):: nltl\'ements are nOI the \Ylwl\!

of molO: th!'y impd

2I.9:ioo. bUI do flOt

dil{':~

ir; they

need a regnl.uor tO guide thc..i r motions,

Ol(!afure ilnd

apply Iheir (orces. :\0,1 " cé"di ngly Ihey h, vo one Iha¡

nar.lr

:\lJy fupelinrends anJ dirc{ls their aélioi1 . \Ve are

conf ...ious of ¡ pn nciplc Wilhil1 us, which examines, eo

p4re~,

:and weighs thiags; notes Ihe dinercncco:, ol>fcrvrs

lhe forcl:s, anlÍ forfee. the con!c'l ucnccs of a!lcétior.s ,40cl

aélions. By Ihis po\Vcr

look

olck

raft times, and

forwanl inlo fUlUrit y,

~ather

exptriences,

dtim~le

the

rea l anJ comparativc vl lue of

objcll~.

Lly cut

(d,e

mes,

contrive me.'ns

exccutc them, and fcttll! the whoJe or.

der an4

re~rr.tJllly

Ji(e.

T his powcr we comn!only

di(l inr.~hh

bythe nameof reafon, Or renlél¡on; Ihe bulj.

ntfs of which is , nut tO fUE;:dl

:'.oy

orihi n.d notice s or

fl n(ations. bur lO canvAf:), rang:-, u ¡J OlJkc

ut:\lu~lion!l

from lhe

n .

\\'e

are in'irulcly cnnG:;OU5 of

anolhcr

principIe

wil h.

in US, which a

Pill

o\'es o( cCl lai n C¡;ntim( n'

pctllions, and

a~~ions ,

and

dditppluv\s of Iht:i r

cont rari~s.

conre.

c¡ uc:nce

the dl..c!l;or.s of lh:s inward

jt'd~" .

wc lhnomi–

r.'·C

(oOle

:;(l!OllS

alHj \'li¡"_ci:IIl'S uf

coaJth~t l'I~r,l'I .

¡'oll,fl ,

.{~~d;

anJ olhus

"'.n:r,,'g,

d'j/¡C,l1f:f/, ¡I/.

f\lrl1l~r

ex.

,i tl! ou r en ccOl, moral

comrl~cence.

:\ntl affca:cn, ¡mmc–

ct.:l.tdyantl orir.l nally

thcm (d vcs, withou t re,¡;ud to

the:r crnft:<!u.:oc('!, :lnd whl.lher they

díf...

OUT interd l: or

nOL

1'hc

bll~r

do :as niuuralJy and nc.:tfr.\rily call fonh

our contempt,

1~l)rn,

ancl.tverfion. Tlldt powl·r. by which

\Ve

pcrc.cl\

c this difr...rc:nce in affctl.ions ami atliull$, an,l

fed a confequcnt rclifh or {IiJhke, is commonly cJlleJ

confcilncc. or l!'C moral

rCllr~.

\"lhtlher fu ch a power

bdon~s

tO bumotn natufe or IInt,

muH

be referred (O e·

fCr y or.c's experience of what p.dres wilhin

11I0l1i;if.

The(c t\Vo powcrs

rl'A/on anJ confcic.:ncc, ale

(Ti–

dcntly pl incipks d; IFl! rcnt in natUre ami kir.d from lhe

pafJions ano! . (f.'l'lions. For the pafTions ;¡re mere forcl! or

powcr, l>l ind lJ1lpulfcs , atting vioh:ntly anJ wlthO;J t

cho:c{'J and ultimcttely tcnJing (3ch to (heir rc(pcc1iv<!

ohjct9s, with()llt regard tO lhe Inleren

the olhers, or

the whol:

f)'ftC 01:

' Vh('(l:l1'

the d,reaing and judging

pO\'l.'l:IS Jiflinnt1l(h ...

afccrl2in

the

ddTcrent forces, mu–

lUid

rropor:ions, ;lnd rel.ltiuns, which Ihe paffilln¡ bear

tlJ

e~ch

otha and

the whole; recognize their JeveriJl

oc–

grtes of mt rit ;

~nd

jurigc of the whole teOlper and con–

uu("l, as thc.:y rerpcét eilhcr the individual or the fpecics ;

2nd

are capable (lf diretling or rdlraining the bJind im–

pu!fes of p.tfTion in a due confillency one "..ilh {he other,

ano a regll lar fubordinalion to Ihe whole fyllem.

T his is fome ;¡,ccount of the confliu:ent principies of

our niJture, which, accordiog to thei r different mixtures,

degrces, anu proportions, mould our chal'aél"er, and fw.:ay

OUt

condu{t in Jlfe. I n reviewing that large traio of

af·

fee'lions which r.1I op Ihe difFeren l Chges of human Jife,

we perceive

thi's

ob"ious dlAinétion aOlong them ; that

fome uf them "fpd l Ihe good of Ihe indi , idual, and o·

Ihers c. rry "s be)"ond our(elves

Ihe good of .he fpe–

cies,or bnd. T he former ha.. Iherefore been called

priva", ,nd Ihe

Iw«

publicJ"aff<tlions. Of the

firlt

fon ñre love or J.!e, of p!caf\lre, of power, and the

likc,

Of Ihe JaUare C,lll1p¡..Hion, gratitudo, f,iend¡11ip, natural

.Ireélion. , nJ the hke. Of Ihe pri,·ate p. nions, fome

refpeél ffil ldy lhe

(~":l1Ti l y

and dtfence of (he creature

fueh

.l:S

rtlcOlnlCllt,

a.nJ

f(!.¡ r: \\

her~<ls odl~rs

aim at fome

pofi,ive advant:lge or gond;

a.s

\Vt:alth,

~afe ,

fame. ' -"he

former

(ort

thenfore, becau(e of this diffcrcnce of ob·

jeé'ls,

n1.ty

be terOled ,;l.::fcllfive paffions 1 'hefe anfwer

Ollr danllcl s, ano prompt us

l O

a\'oid them if we can,

or bolllly

cnCOUntn

theOl

when we c:mnot.

"f he

odlcr cl;>,.!s of pri Vio te p,dlions . which purfue

pri–

vate pvlitl\'e good,

m..

be callcd appctili \·e. Howe,·er.

we Ih.dllfi ll ret:\Ín

lh :!

¡me of

PiiV;H\~,

in conlr,tdiHinc–

tion

rhe dcfc:nfivc:

dEons. l\ ran has a grcat \'cHiety

of w,¡ nt s

fupply. and is

cap:l~I .!

m :l11y

c:njoymen¡s ,

according

the

fcn~ rJ I

periods

al'

IlIs hf.: , and the dif–

fercnt li luiltlons

",hich

he is

pl.\Cl'j.

T o

thde,

tha!! ..

fore,

fu:u {le

raio of

pnn.te

pslliolls corre(pon,t. \l'ludl

ell.:::

t!'!.~

him

th~

fui t of wh.\tcver IS

n('~dlJ r )'

f..

-I

h¡s

lilbti!! cl1cc or

\\'dfll~

Oor

IuhJ.c ('Ir

Cl)~I:.J

.:ffd lions are

:tJ,

prcJ

t.l

d:e fe..

ver.tI

(;)(1.,1

cor~ nt'~li{ms

and "tlJtillr.S \\hil h

hc:' H

Ot:lI.:rs , hy m.lh.lng

\le¡

I~'nlibl~

(lf

lh"i r

.t.lngln:,

anJ int.:–

n·H,n::

IlS

Ihc"

\\'.Int"- • .

tnd

1(1

rr nmptillg

liS tO

It.'~ure

thl'll1

ag.,in fl llnl',

.:tn

:'upply

Ih.:

olh,' r.

Th:s

lhe.: lirJt ;ll.. p thell 10

Jd~v'

c:r

lh~

J :.lty

3n\t

Je-

11011.111""