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ing, ~nll ror Ihe lufs ,rifing Ihereuy lO d,r eon11"oy,
NOI ooly oalural, UUI civil dr~lh, l , g, ariling (rom a
(enlence infliéling capital plloiOlmenl, m. l cs onc iora,
paule 10 perform Ihe dUlies or a panoer, anJ eoorequCIlI'
Iy dilfolves Ihe (ocieIY, In bOlh cafes, of dealh aod re'
Duocialioo, Ihe rem.ioiog p,,10m may conlioue Ihe co·
partoelOlip, eilher exprelsly. byemering i"IO a neIV con·
mél; or I.eidy, uy emying 00 Iheir Irade as formerly,
P"hlic Irading compaoies are OOIV cvery day cooniluled,
",ilh rules very cliffmol from Ihofe IUhich eilher obtaioed
io Ihe Ro:nao law, or al Ihis day oblaio io pril'al~ focie·
lies, The proprielors or panoers io Ihefe, IhOllgh Ihey
may Ir~nsfer Iheir O""es, caoout reoouoce; oor dors
their death dilfolve Ihe compaoy, hUI IheOlare of Ihede·
ceafed defceods 10 his reprefeolalive,
A
8. A joiol Irade is 001 a copartoerlhip, bUI a momeo·
tary eoolraél, where IIVO or more perfoos agree 10 coo·
tribule a fum, 10 be employed io a 'panicular courfe of
trade, Ihe produce whereof is 10 be divided among Ihe
adl'eolurer!, accordiog 10 Iheir feverallhares, afler Ihe
voyage is fioilhed, If, io a joinl lrade, Ihal panoer who
is iOlruned wilh Ihe mooey for p"rchafing Ihe goods,
Ihould, io place of paying Ihem io calb, buy lilem upoo
eredil, Ihe fmoiOler who followed his failh alooe in Ihe
Lle, has no recourfe againn Ihe olher advemurers; he
can ooly reeover from Ihero whal of Ihe buyer 's Ibare is
yel io Iheir hands, Where any one of Ihe advenlurers,
io l joiol trade, becomes baokrupt, the olhers are pre·
ferabIe to his credito", upoo Ihe commoo f1ock, as long
as it coolioues undivided, for their relief of all Ihe eo·
llagemeots entered iOlo by Ihem 00 accouot of Ihe adveo·
ture,
9, Maodate \S a cootraa, by which ooe employs a·
nOlher to maoage aoy bufioe!s for him; aod by Ihe Ro·
mao law, it mui! have beeo gratuitollS It may be coo·
nituted tacilly, by oocs fufferiog aoolher tO aél io acero
taio braoch of his affailS, for a traél of time logether,
without chal,leoge, The maodatory is at liberty nOI to
aeeepl of the maodate ; aod, as his powers are foldy
fouoded io Ihe maodaot's eommiffioo, he mufl, if he un·
dertakes it, nrialy adhere to the direélioos giveo him :
Nor is il a good defenee, that the melhod he followed
was more ratiooal i for in that his employer was the pr<>–
per judge, Where no fpeei.1 rules are prefcribcd, the
maodatory, if he aéls prudeotly, is feeure, Ihe
fuceefs may be; and he can fue for the recovery of all
. the expeoees reafooahly dilbuefed by him io the ~xeeu·
tioo of his oflice,
10, Mandates may be geoeral, eoolaining a powcr of
admioinriog lhe 's whole affain; but 00 mano
date implies a power of difpofioggraruitouOy of the coo·
nituenl's property; nor eveo of ftlliog his heritage for
ao adequate priee : Ilut a geoeral maodatory may fell
fueH of the moveahlcs as mun otherlVile perilb. No
maod. tory tan, Wilhoul fpeeial powers, tranfaél dOllbl·
fui claims beloogiog to his coonitucnl, or reftr them tO
ar~itm,
11 , Maodates expire. 1, By the revoeation of the
employer, Ihou~h only taeit, as ir he Ihould ORme ano·
Iher mandalOry for Ihe fame bufiocfs, 2, By the re·
nuneiation of the manuatory i el'en :tfter he has exceu·
w,
Icd pm of hi¡ cOI1lOliOion, if his oflice begratuitolls, "
By Ihe death, eilher (lf Ihe""od. ", or lory: Ú;;t
ir maltcl'S a'c nOt emirc. theOIand,ne CfJntIllUf.:S 111 torce,
ootwilhllaotling fllth revoc'lioo, rencocialion, nr d"'lh,
l'rocuratorics of reClgnatioo, and p ecepu of fcifin, are
o,ade out io Ihe formof l1Iandales ; bUl, beeaufe they
are grant<d for the fole ~enlfil of the maml'lory, all oi
Ihem, exeeptiog precepts of el." c9nf1nl. are dedared
to coolioue af(er the death eitherof .Ihe gral.lernr grantce,
Deeds which a claufe or mandale f.,( rebhiralion,
are for Ihe fame rCólfoo made regiHr.ble afler Ihe dtalh
o( either,
12 , The favour of commerce has iotroduced a I.cit
mandate, by whieh OIanelS of Ihips are emrowercd 10
eontraa io oame of their exer.itors Or entplr.yers. foe
repailS, Olip.provifioos, aod whatel'cr elfe móy be oeeef.
fary for the Ibip or ere\': ; fo as to oblige, oot Ihemfeh'e.
ooly, bUl their employers, Who¡vcr has Ihe atlua l
charge of Ihe Ibipis deemed Ihemaner, though heIbould
have 00 commiffioo fromthe exeleitolS, or Ihould be fub.
nituted by Ihe maner in the direélioo of the Olip witb.
out their koowledge. Exercilors are liable. whether the
maner has paid his DIVO mooey 10 a ñ1erchaot for oe.
ceffaries, or has borro\\ltd mooey to p.rehafe Ihem, The
furoiOm or leoder mun prove that the Olip oeeded re.
pairs, provifions, (;c . lO fueh ao eXlcot; but he is uo.
der no neeeffity to prore the applieation of lhe mooey or
materials to the Ibip's ufe, If there are beral exereitors.
!heyare liable jillguli in[o/idum. lo Ihe fame maooer
the undenaker of any braoeh of trade, maoufaélure, or
other land·oegotialioo, is bound by the conlratls of the
innilors whom he felS over il, io fo far as relates to the
fuujeél of the.p,."pojilllra ,
13, Cootraélsaod obligatioos, iothemfelm imper(cél,
leeeive nrength, by the contrléler or his heirs doiog aoy
aa therearter which impons ao approbatioo of them, anel
eoofequeotly fllpplies Ihe lUaol of an origioal I.gal coo.
fent, This is called homologatioo; aod it lakes place
even in deeds inlrioficallyoull. whether lhe oullily arifes
from Ihe waol of fiatulOry folemnities, or from the io.
eapaeily of the granter, Ir eaonot be ioferred, 1, By
Ihe aél of a perfoo who was oot io the knowledge
of the original deed; for ooe eaonot approve whal he is
igooraot of. 2 , Homologatioo has 00 place where the
aél or deed w¡"eh is pleaded as fllch can be aferibed to
any other eaufe; (or ao iotention to come under aoobli•
gatioo is OOt pr. fumed ,
14' ~ar.,cQotraéls are formed wilhout explieit con·
feot, by ooe o( the panies doing fomelhiog Ih.! by its
nature eilher obliges him tO theolher pany. or Ihe other
party to him Under Ihis cI,r., may be reckooed llllory,
&c. the . otry of an heir, /lfgoliorllm gejlio, ¡nd,bil;
fllulio, commuoillo of gooels two or more eoOl·
mon proprietors, ;¡nd Jn(fciulII jan,1J ItvtJlld.r n(1tJiJ cal/fil.
N'goliorum g,jI;o forms !hufe obli~'lions \\'hieh alife
from Ihe nl30aACOlcot of a perfon's aff"irs io his abfcoce.
by aoothe., Wilholll a mandate lis fuch manager aél,
withoul aUlhority froOl the propriNor, he ought to he
liable io ,xaél diligeoee, uolds he has from f, ilodnl;p
interpofed in a/f.i" whieh admitlcd 00 dd"y: aod he is
aeeountaule (or his iotromiffioos wilh intcr&. 00Ihe
olhee