1000000030

"'fieilllll eompclwli.r,

in virtue of which they

Oli~ht

re–

uin fuch pan of the donation as was necerrary for their

olvn fubfillence. Our law allows this bencfil

fathers,

\Vilh refped

Ihe provifions granled

Iheir children,

and to grandfalhers, which is a na!llral confequence of

childrens obligalion

aliOlent their indigent parents

but to no collaleral relalion, not even to brolhers.

32. Donalions, made io cootemplatiOll of death, or

1110rlil eatifa,

are of the natureof legacies, and Iike them

revokable: Confequently, not being e[edual in the gran–

ter's life, they cannot compele with any of his credilors ;

not even with thore whofe debts were contraded' after

the donation. They are undernood to be given from a

perfonal regard to Ihe donee, and Iherefore fall by his

predeceafe. No deed, afler de/ivery, is to be prefumed

dona/io morlil eaufa;

for rCfomion is exeluded by

delivery.

33. Deeds are not prefumed,

in dubi.,

to be dona–

tions. Hence, a deed by a deblor

his creditor, if

dooalion be nOI expreffed, is prefumed

be gramed io

fecurilY or farisfadioo of Ihe debl ; bUI bonds of provi–

lion to childreo are, from Ihe prefuOlplioo of palernal

affedion, conflrued to be inlended as an addilional palri–

mony : Yel atocher, given

a daughler in her nmriage·

contrad, is prefumed

be in falisfadioo of .11 former

bonds and debls ; becaufe marriage co.nlrads ufually con·

taio Ihe whole provifioos in favouroflhebride. Ooe who

alimenls a perfon Ihal iscome of age, wilhoul an exprefs

padion for board. is prefumed

have enlerrained him

as a friend, unlefs in Ihe cafe of Ihofe who eam Iheir li·

ving by tbe enlerraiomenl or board of flrangers. BUI

alimooy given

minors, who cannol bargaio for Ihem–

{elves, is nOI

acco~nled

adooatioo; excepl eitber where

it is prefumed, from the near re/alioo of Ihe perfoo ali–

meoting, thal it ",as given

ex pi'tale;

or where Ihe mi–

nor had a falher or curaton, wilh whom a bargain mighl

)ja,e beeo made.

Tít.

23 '

the Diffolution or Extinélioll

0[0.

hligntionJ.

OBLtGATrO N~

may be dirrolved by performance or

implement, confenl, compenfalion, oovarioo, aod con·

fufion.

fp~cifical

performaoce: Thus, an obliga–

tíorl for a fum of money

eXlinguilhed by paymenr.

The credilor is nOI obliged

accepl of paymenl by

pam ,

~ nlefs

where Ihe

f~m

is payable by diffm nl divi–

lioos.

a deblor io IWOor more feparale bonds

Ihe

fame eredilor, made an inde6nile paymenl, wilhoul

afcribing il, al Ihe lime,

any ooe of Ihe obligaríons,

the paymeol is applied,

To inlerefl, or to fums nOI

bearinginterefl.

To the fums lhal are leafl [ecured,

if Ihe deblor

Ih~reby

iocurs

rigorous peoalty. BUI,

If Ihis applieation bepenalon Ihe deblOr,

by fuf–

fering Ihe legal of an adjudimion

expire, Ihepaymeol

will be fo applied

fave Ihe deblor fromIhal for–

feilure. Where one of Ihe debu is fecured by a cau–

lioner, Ihe olher nOl, Ihe apl'licalion i.

' 0

be fo made,

CtCI,rÍJ pnribul,

Ihal bOlh credilor and caulioner may

haveequal juflice done

lhem.

2. Paymcm made by Ihcdebtor upon a minake infael,

one whom he believed, upon probable grounds,

tI>

have Ihe right of receiving paymenl, extinguifhes the

bligalion. BUI paymenl made

one,

whom Ihe la\tl

denies the power of receiving il, has nOI Ihis effed' as

if a deblor, feiud by Imers of caprion, fllould

~ake

paymenl

Ihe merrenger; for

ignoranli~

jurÍJ mminefIJ

exeufal.

In all debls, Ihe debtor, ir he be

001

iOler.

pelled, may fafe/y pay before Ihe term, excepl in lack–

dudes or feu·dulies; Ihe paymenl whereof, before Ihe

lerms al which Ihey are made

pay~ble,

i. cooflrued to

be collufive, in a queflion wi.h a cred'lor of Ihe ,landlord

or fuperior. Paymenl is

in dubio

prefumed, by Ihe

voucher of Ihe debl beiog io Ihe hands of Ihe deblor ;

ehirographul/l, apud debilomn "perlum, prttfumilUl'

fllulum .

3· Obligations are eXlioguilhable by Ihe cOllfenl of Ihe

credilor, \Vho, Wilhoul full implement, or eveo any im.

plemenl, may renounce Ihe right conflituled in his owo

f,vour. Thongh a difcharge or acquiuance, granled b)l.

one whom Ihe deblor

bona

jd,

rook for Ihe credilor, bu!

who was nOl, eXlinguilhes Ihe obligalion, if Ihe falis!'ac–

lion made by Ihe debtor ,was re.l ; yet \Vhere il is imagi.

nary, Ihe difcharge will nOI fcreen him from paying

Ihe

true credilor Ihe debl Ihal he had made DO prior f.!Ísfac–

lion foro lo aJl debls which are confliluled by wriling,

lhe eXlin8ion, whelher il be

fpeci6cal performaoce.

or bare confeol, mun be proved, eilher by Ihe oalh of

Ihe credilor, or by a difcharge in wriring; and Ihe fame.

{olemnities which law requires iD Ihe obligalion, are oe–

cerrary in lhe difcharge: BUI, where paymenl is made,

nOI by lhe deblor himfelf, bUI by Ihe credilor's intre>–

millioo with Ihe renlS of Ihe deblor's eflale, or by deli–

very

him of goods in Dame of Ihe debtor, fuch deli–

very or intromillion,

beingfJtIi,

may be preved by wil–

nerres, Ihougb Ihe .debl Ihould have beeo nOI onl.y cooni–

IUled by wriling, bUI made real

Ihe deblor's lagds by.

adjudicalion.

. 4. A difcharge, tbough il Ihould be general, of aIl

thal the granter can demand, exteo'ds

001 10

debu of an

uncommon kiod, which are

001

prefumed to have beeo.

uoder Ihe graoler'S eye. This dodrioe applies alfo

general allignariool. In anoual paymeols, as of reols,

feu·dulies, inlerefl,

6e.

Ihree confecutive difcharges by

Ihe credilor, of Ihe yearly or lirmly du!Íes, prefume

Ihe paymenl of all preceedings. Two difcharges by Ihe

anceflor, and lhe Ihird by Ihe h'eir, do nOI infer Ihis pre–

fumplion, if Ihe heir was igooranl of Ihe anceflor's dif.

charges. And difcharges by an adminiflralor, as a fac.

lor, tulOr,

&e.

prefume ooly Ibe paymenl of aH pre.

ceeding dudes incurred during bis adminiflralioo. This

prerumption arifes frolD repealing lhe difá.uges Ibric!:.

fuccellive/y ; and fo does nOI hold in Ihe cafe of IWOdif–

charges, Ihough IheyIhould ioelude Ihe duties of Ihree or

more lerms.

5. Where Ihe fame perfon is bOlh crcdilor anddeblor

anolher, lhe mutual obligalioo., if they are for equal

films, are eXlinguilhed by compenfalioo ; if for unequal,

flill Ihe Itrra obligarion is eXlinguilhed, aod the grealer

diminiflled, as far as Ihe concourfc of debl and

credi~

goes. To f\lund compenfalion, l. Eaeh of Ihe parlles

muIl be dcblor anJ creditor al !lle fame lime.

Eacb.