953 / 1042
L
o/'
·Ihenl mutl he d,blor and eredilor in /Jis owo •ight.
3. The mUlual debts mutl be of the fame quality: Hence,
a
Cum of mooe1 cannot be compenfatcd witb a quaotity
of coros; becaufe, till the prices are lixed, at which Ihe
coros are to be coovened iOlo moo,y, the IWO debts are
iocommeoCurable. Ll(!Jy, compenCalioo caooot be ad·
mitted, where the mutual deblS are not c1early arcemio·
ed, either by
a
wriueo obligatioo, tbe Ceoteoce of a
judge, or Ibe oath of the party. Where Ihis requires
but
a
Ibort diCcullion, feoteoce for the purriler is delayed
for fome time,
ex .cquila/e,
that Ihe d,feoder may make
gooo his grouod of compeofatioD. Where a debt for
fungibles is afcertaioed in mooey, by Ihe feoteoce of a
judge, the compeofalioo can have
00
e!fea fanher back
thao Ihe liquiJation, becaufe, before feotenee, the debls
were incommenfurable: But, wltere ·a debl for a fum of
mooey is, io the eou& ofa fuit, contliluled by Ihe oalh
of Ihe deblor, Ihe compenfalion, afler it is admitted by
the jpoge, operates,
retro,
in fo far as conceros the eur·
rency of jDleretl, to the time Ibat, by Ihe parties ac·
knowleogmeDI, Ihe dehl b.ecame due; for, in tbis cafe, the
debtor's oalh is not what Creates Ihe debt, or makes it
Jiquid; it ooly declares that fueh a liquid fum was Iruly
duebefore. Compeofalion caoool be offered afler decree,
eilber
by
way of fufpeofioo or reduélioo ; uolefs it has
becn formerly pleaded, and uojullly repelled. Demes in
abfence are excepted.
6. The right of retention, which bears a oear refem·
blance
10
compenCalion, is cbiefiy compelent, where Ihe
mutual dcblS, oot being liquid, cannOI be Ihe ground of
(ompenf.tioD ; aod it is fomelimes admitted
tX d"quilatt,
io liquid deba, where campenrarioo is eKcluded by tia·
tute: Thus, Ihough compenfalioo cannol be pleaded af–
ter decree, eilher againtl a credilor or his afligoey; yet,
if the original credilor Ibould Lecome bankrupl, Ihedeb–
lor, even after decree, may relain againtl Ibe alligney,
lilJ he gives fecurilY for falisfying Ihe deblof's c1aim a–
gainn l'he cedenl. This righl is frequcnlly founded in
lhe expence ditburfed or work employed on Ibe fubjea
r~laioed,
and fo arifes from lhe mUlual obligalions iocum·
benl on Ihe parties. BUI relenlion may be Cullained,
tltough the debl due
10
him who c1dims il does
001
arife
Crom
the oalure of Ihe obligalion by which he is deblor :
Thus, a faélor
00
a Iaod etlale may retain Ihe fums le–
vied by him io confequeoce of his faélory, nOI only lill
. he be paid of Ihe ditburfemeOls made
00
omfion of Cueh
etlile, bUI alfo lill he be dtfcharged from Ihe feparare
eogagemeols he may have eOlered iOlo on his coofii·
~Ll(OI'S
accounl.
7. Obligalions are dilfulved by oomion, whertby one
obligalion i$ chaoged inlo anolher, wilhoul chaoging ei·
ther Ihe deblor or credilor. The firll ohligalion being
tllmby
eXlinguifil~d,
Ihe cauliooers in it are loofed, and
alJ ils coofequences diCcharged; fo Ihat Ihe deblor re–
maios bouod ooly by the lalt. As a credilOr
10
WhOOl a
,ighl is ooce conlliluled, oughl
001 10
lofe il by .mplica–
lioo, oovalion i5 nOI eafily preCumed, and Ihe new obli·
galioo is cooflrued
10
be merely corroboralive of Ihe old;
bUI, where Ihe Cecondobliga'ionexprc(sly bms
10
be
fIJ
fotil{a{/ion
of Ihe rorfi, dlefe words mulf necefiarily Le
( ,-pl.ioco iOlo nOvalion. WJlerc Ihe mOLlor accepll uf
A
w.
a oew dcbtor, io place of the rortnc( who ii difcharged,
this melhod of eXlinaion is calJed delegalioo.
8.
Obligalions are m inguilbed
confuji.nt,
whm Ibe
debl and credi l meel in Ihe fame perlÓo, eilher by fuco
celliooor fingular title,
e.
g.
when Ihe deblor Cucceeds tI)
the credilOr,
or
Ihecredilor
10
Ihe deblor, or a t1ranger
10
bOlh, for one cannot be deblor
10
himCelf. If Ihe
fu ccellioo, from IVhich Ibe
con[uji.
arifes, happeos afler·
wards
10
be dividcd,
Co
as Ihe debtor and credilor come
again
10
be differenl perrons; Ihe
c.n[ujio
docs nOI pro·
duce an e)(linélioo, bUl ooly
a
lemporary fufpeofion
oE
the debt.
Tit. 24.
O/ Ajfignatiollf,
H ER ITABLE
rights, when Ibey are
c1o~lhed
witb in·
feflmeol, are tranCn1illed by difpofilion, which is a
~vri·
ling conlaioing procuratOry of refigoalioo aod precept of
feifin; bUI Ihofe which eilher require
00
Ceifin, or on
which fe'fi'n has aétually folJolVed. are Iranfmillible by
fimple alfigoalioo. He who granl! Ihe alligoalion, is calJ·
ed Ihe cedeol; and he who receives il, Ihe alligoey oi–
cellionary: If Ihe alligoey cooveys his ,ighl
10
a Ihird
perCoo, il is calJed a tranOalion ; and if he alligos il baele,
10
Ihe cedeol, a relrocellioo. Cerlaio righlS are, frolR
Ihe uCes
10
which Ihey are detlioed, iocapable of traof·
millioo, as alimentary
1
ighl': Olhers canool be alligoed
by Ihe perCoo iovefied io Ihenl, wilhoul (p'ecial power!
given
10
him, as tacks, reverfions: The tranfmillioo
0(.
Ihird fon, i,
001
prefumed to be iOlended, Wilhoul an
exprtf¡ cooveyance; as of parapheroal goods, which are
Co
proper ro Ihe wife, Ibat a general alligoalioo by ber to
her hutband, of al1lhal did or filOuld beloog
\O
ber at
her deceafe, does
001
compreheod Ihem. A lifereol.
righl is, by ils oalure, iocapable of aproper IraoCmitlioo;
bUI its profits mal' be alligned, while il fubfifis.
2.
Mlignations mutl nOI ooly be delivered
10
IheaJlig.
oey, bUI inliDlaled by hiO! lO Ihe deblor. IntÍlDalioos
are coolidered as Co oecelfary for complealing Ihe
convey·
aoce, Ihal in a compelitioo beiweeo·lwo alligoalioos, Ihe
laíl, if firll iOlimaled; is prererred.
3. Though, regularly, inlimalion tothe debtor is made
by an inflrumcol, lakeo iD Ih! haods of aoOlary, by Ihe
alligney or his procuralor; yet the law admils
eq~ipolJen.
cies, where Ihe nOlice of Ihe allignmeol giveo
10
t~e
deblor i. equalJy firong. Thus, acJwge upon Iwers of
horniog allhe aJligncy's iollance, or aIUll broughl by him
againfi Ihe deblOr, fupplies Ihe IVanl uf intimalion; Ihefe
being judicial .éls, which expo(e Ihe cooveyaocc lO Ihe
eyes bOlh of the judge aod of Ihe deblor; or the debl_
o's promife o( paymenl by wriliogto Ihe alligoey, becaufe
lb is ine!Teét acorroboraling o( Ihe origioal debt. Tite
a."gncy's porrellion of Ihe. righl. by eotering inlO
paymen~
of Ihe renlS or inlerelf, is alfo equallo an inlimalioo ;
for it importS,
001
only oOlice
10
Ihe dcblOr, bUI /ti! ac·
t~al contph~nce:
BUI the deblo.'s privale koo·Nletlge oí
Ihe ,11i¡lomenl is nOI Iutldioedas intimation.
4. Cenain coovcyances need
00
inlimalioo.
1.
In·
do. C'lions o( bilis of exchange; (or Ihefe arenOllo he fet·
lered IVlIh fur",s, iOlroducLd by Ihe laws of particul,r·
{Jales.
~ .
!lank·noles
ale
fully conveyed by Ihe bare
delivery