1000000030

depoG! ; bu: as Ihe

offi~e

of [equeílree, !O whorc me

.t¡'~

[ubjeé! io dirpute is commiued, is not confidered as

gialuilous, he canoa! Ihrow il up al plearure,

.11

a como

.0100 depofiwy may do; and he is liable in Ihe l1liddle

'd~gree

of diligence. Confignalion of money is airo ade.

poh!.

may be made, cílher where Ihe debl is called

in quenion by-the debtor, as in fufpenfioos; or where

Ihe creditor reCures to rective his mooey, as in wadfets,

&c.

The ·ilk of Ihe configned mooeylies 00 Ihe

~oofigo.

er, where he ought tO'have made paymeo!, and not con·

fignatión, or has configned onl1'a par! ;. or has chofeo for

cóofigoatory, a perron neilher named by Ihe parties nor

of good credit. The charger, or other credi!or, runs

lhe rilk, if he has'charged for ruml oot due, or has with·

out good reafon refufed payment, by which refufal the

confignation became oecerrary.

is me offiee of a con·

(¡gnalory, 10 keep Ihe money io fafe' eunody, !ill il be

called for: If !herefore he pUl

it aun! interen, he mun

.run Ihe hazard oí Ihe deb!or's ioíolvency ; bu!, for the

fa:ne reafón, lhough he fhould draw in!eren foril, he js

liable io oone tO !he configner.

13.

Pledge, wben oppofed 10 ,!,adfel, is

COnlraa,

by which a deblor p61s

ihlo

Ihe hands of his credilor a

fpeeíal momble fubjetl ín fecurilY of Ihe debt, to be re·

delim¿d on parmeot. Where a recurity is enablifhed

by law 10 !hé credilór, upon afuhjetl whieh continues jD

Ihe debtor's porrdlion, jI has the rperial

nlme.of

10 hypo:

Ihec. Tradermen and fhip.carpeolm have

hypolhee

on l)le houre or fhip repaired, for the malerials aod olher

charges of reparalion; hUI no\ for Ihe expence of build·

ing a'new fhip.

OWDer~

of fhips have an hypolhec on

Ihe cargo for Ihe freighl. herilurs 00 me fruiu of Ihe

grouud, and landlords on Ibe

invdla

iII'lla:

for Iheir

rents. Wriler5 alfo, and agenls, have aright of hypo.

thec, or more properlyof relenlion, inIheir confiiluenl'!

writings, for their c1aimof pains and dilburfemeotS.

(redilor cannOI, for his own paymenl, feU the fu bjeCt

impigoorated, wilhoul applyiog .10 !he judge.oroinary

for a warrant to pUl

tO public fale or roup ; and 10

thi, applicatioo tlie deblor ough: to b: made a.parry.

Tit.

21.

OIOóligntiom by lVord or Writ.

TH5 . appellalion of

!Jubal

m.ay

he applied 10 .11

llhlisalions 10 lhe coonitu!ion of which

\l'rilin~

is nOI

errenrial, whieh ineludes both 'real and

confenfu~1

ron·

traéis; bUI as Ihefe are explained unoer fepmle !itles,

.hligations 6)

'IJIord,

io [he fenfe of IhlS rubric,' mull be

rellriCted. ei[her 10 promifes, or to fuch verbal agree·

menl! as have no fpecial name 10 dininguifh Ihem. A·

&reement implies Ihe inlervenlioo of

I\VO

diffcrent pu·

ti(S, who (ome under.mulual obligalions

one anoll,er.

Where nOlhing is 10 be given or pcrformed .bu[ ou oni:

part, il is propnlycallcd a promi!e, which, as il is grao

ruitous. oQes nOI require lhe a(ceplance of him10 ·"hom

the pmmife is made. An orrer, which OIull

hé

oi!lin·

~uifhcd

from a prolOife, implies fomcthing to

~e oon~

the olher pwy ; and confequcntly is nOI binding on the

offerer, lill

be acr.epled. wi,h ils limilalioO! or ron·

dilions, by him 10 whomIhe

off",

m.de

afler \Vhidl,

btcumes ap,rupcr

gr~emeol.

\'{,itin:: mufl

neccl~lrily

ir,tmelle iu alJ

ot,ligation~

and bargains ooncerning heritable fubjcéls, Ihough [hey

!huuld be only temporary; . as lacks, which, when Ihey

are verbal,

1.11

bUI for one year. In Ihefe no ,'elbal

agreemenl is hinding. Ihough it fhould be referred 10

Ihe oalh of Ihe parly; for, liJl wriling is adhibit·

ed, law gives bOlh panies a righl 10 refile, as from ao

unfioifhed bar;:ain; which is calJed

I" UJ

/,'Ilniltnli...

If, upon a verbal bargain of lands, pan of Ihe price fhall

be paid by him who was 10 purchafe, Ihe

inluvrnluJ,,1,

Ihe

a~ual paymen~

of money, males a val id obligation;

and glves a beglnntng 10 [he conlratl of fale: And inge·

neral, wherc·ever malters are no longer eotire, the right

!o refile feems to be excJuded. An agreement, whereby

real righl is parred from, or renriéted, calJed

pa{lum

liberaloriurJI,

Olay be perfeéted verbalJy; for freedem is

'avourable, and Ihe purpofe of fuch agreemen[ is ralher

10 dirrolve than [O creare an obligalioo. Wriling is alfo

elI'erilial 10 bargains made ander eondi[ion Ihal ,lhey (hall

be reduced io'owriling; for in fueh cafu, il is

pan

con~

Ira,?uJ,

Ihal, lill writing be adhibiled, bo)h parlies fhall,

have liberty 10 withdraw. lo Ihe fame manner, verbal

ouncupal~ve

lenaments are rejeétcd by our law; but

, erhallegaeles are funained, where lhey do oot exceed

100

SClIJ.

A,nciently, 'wheo wriliog was little ured, deedswere

executea by Ihe par!y appending his feal

Ihem ; itl.

prefenceof

witoe~es

. . For prevenling frauds [hat might

happen hy appendlng.feals.10 falCedeeds, Ihe fubfcription

alCo of Ihe granler was

afl~rwardj

required, and, if he

could nOI wrile, Ihat of a nOlary. As il mighl be of

dangerous confcr¡uencc, 10 give full force 10 Ibe

fu~fcrip

lion of Ihe parties hy inilials, \Vhich is more eafily coun·

t:rfeited; our

pra~ice,

in order 10 fuUain Cuch fubfcrip.

Ilon, feems to requlre a proM, nOI only li,al the granler

ored 10 fubfcribe in Ihat way, bUI Ihal

de fa{lo

he had

fubfcribed Ihe deed iDqllellion; at lean, fueh proof js

rcquircd, if Ihe ioqrumcnrary wilnerres be nill alive.

As a further check, il was aflerwards provided

Iha[ all writngs carrying any herilable righl, and o[her

deeds Qf importance, be fubfcribed byIheprincipal

partie~,

if Ihey can

fubCcri~e;

olherwife, by IlVO nouries, be·

fore four wilnerres fpecially defigned . Tite fubfequen[

praétice eXlended Ihis reqwfile of Ihe defigrlJtion of Ihe

wi~nelI'"

tO the cafe where [he parrits IhcmCelves fllb·

fcnb~d.

Cuflom ha3 conllrued obligal icns fcr funl!

ex·

ceedlng

[00

SC" J,

10 be obl:galions of importance:

In a divifible obligalion, (•.

~t'.

for a fum of money,

Ihou~h

exmding

100, Ihe Cubf,ription

one ootary

fu!r,cic~t,

if rhe creoilOr rcflritls his c1aim [O

loo

100:

FUI, in an obligalionindivifible.

r.g.

for Ihe performance

f;tél. if il be /l0[ fuhCcribed in lerms of Ihe flatlne,

ir is void When nomics Ihus amn a deed, Ihe alld·

talin" or dOCqllCI mun Cpccially ('xprcfs thal Ihe granler

gave [hcm amanó[c 10 (¡gn : nor is il fnllieienl Ihal Ihi,

be r,lenlion"d io [he body of the • riliog.

5. lo

~vtry de~.J ,

Ihe

oar.le

of hilO I\Oho wriles it,

wilh his clweJling phlce or olher malkof diflinétion, mull

he infmed. The wiloerres Irufl b011t fubfcrihe as wil'

nerre!, an.! Ihei, naro!s and ,lcfignalions be infened in

Ihe ho,!y (,f

Ih~

Jecd:

And.!I

fuhfcrihinr. \Vi:nelt'es ",un

kouwIhe zraoler, aoo eilher f<e hllu fuufcribc, or hear

him