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L A 863 ) L A N
L.H;DS:~ ¡ r , c·r L\SD ~CA~" inpallltlng, tl;~ l'iew or f..601 one C('grte of lir.owld ge to anoll:cr, Ile ha~
r' vll,~d 01' a cCI;ntry, cxtcnd·,J as fJr t S ,he eye will been obliglu 10 direol'er, hy r.l"ns ur his Icafunilg
rc~ch. · faelllty, a mcrhou oC exprdlillg wilh cert, illlY, a"d
,ln.; ips ~re ,·r.ecmd one of rhc lo\,·(ft branehes eomm'lI~ie?ti ng wilh rhe ulmol! faeilil)', cvtry p,rell>–
~f pa,r,¡ing, rei'rclcllllog fo me rur?1 fcene, as IlIlIs, tion of"is miou.-Wilh th:s "ielV, :ng obfcrved, Ihar
"allep, rtl'eIS, eoun; r)' ho~l~~ , 6c. ",here hllman. bdioes lhe powe r of ultering limpie fOllads, anu lite 1'::.
r.~u~es are on! )' inrrudu..:J :¡s 2ceid mI. veral vari.nioos of thefe iOlo acule or grave, Opl'O oc
LANDSPER (J , lhe r.ame of t\Vo lo",ns io Gcrmany ; fltrill. &c. by whieh his Uronger Ceelin&s were nalurall y
one ¡¡rll.tted on Ihe riverWarra, tlúl)' 1\\'0 mi les nonh· exrrtlr~~, he IVa~ likewire endowed ",ilh a power of n~I'ea!! of
F,ankCon IIpon Ihe O:,"r; anJ the (,ther plOg or Interrllpllng theCe fOllods. by eerlalOclo(¡ngs uf
in Bararia. rlVl ol y Iilree miles ('omh of :\lIgn,urg. of lhe lips lI'ilh ooe anulhcr, and of Ihe rongue wilh Ihe
LAf ERK. a parli:lIlICIlI IO\l'n of Scoda:>.i, filtlarcd pallle, &c. he hdslaken,dvant3geofl hefcei reum(boccs,
en tbe river CI¡'ce, rwenr)' miles fuudl c' l! of (J1. f· and fo rmed Unto hll~fclf a language capable of ex prdli ng
~ow. everypereeprioo o( Iht mind; for by . ffixing ar all rimts
LAl\'GREL sHOT, ar fea, lha! coo(¡l1ing of r'''o hars rhe fame idta 10 aoy one round oreombinalion oCfOllods
of iroa, joioed by a eh,in or fll3eklc, '¡Id h.,ving half rltus modlfi~d and joineo IOgelher, he is ellal·led al 3ny
-a bd l of iroa fixcd on elth cno ; b)' mell!Sof whieh lime lO cxcile in lhe mind of "ny olher perron ao idea
aopu atus, il Joes greJt cxceulion ameog Ihe enemy's (¡milar ro tharinhis own mind, provided the orher perfoD
rin,ino. has beco previouny fo far inl!ruétcd as ro kno Af rhe par.
L.~ Ñ(JR ES, a grear C;I)' of Ch amp.,ign, loe bilhop of ricular mod,!icarion of fcund II'hich has been '[r~ed upon
\\'o:ch is one of rhe twclre pcm oCFrance : E. long. as the 6'"lbol of rhal idca.- Thus man is eodowed wilh
5° 2~', aod N. ldr. ~.So . rIVodiffmot fpeeies of laoguage : one conGlling ofrones
LANGUAGE, in rhe me!1ger,eral mel.ni0l: of Ihe IVord,
figni:ies no, founo Guered by an animal, by \Vh eh ir
expreflcs . ny of irs paffioO!, fenfaions, oroalTedions ;
buc ir i5 more panieuilrly underftood ro denore thofe
various modifi';arions of lhe human,'oiee, by whieh lhe
fereral fenfalions amI ideas of one man are communi-
eared ro ano,hcr.
Nalllre has endowed every animal wirh powers fuf·
fieieor to cornmunicace ro orhers of rhe fame fpecies
fome of ils f: nfalions and defi res. The organs of
moll aoimals are 1'0 Cormed, as readily 10 pereeive aod
undernand (as far as is needrary for rheir particula r
fpeeies of exifi enee) the voiee of rhofe of roeir oIVn
kind ; hy means of ",hieh lhey a(femble rogerher, for
II;e ddenee ' or prefervation of lite fpeeics. Bur as
rhey rifehigher io rhe order oCinrelleétual powers, rhe
p0\l'trS cf expreffion likewife ioereare. 1I0wever, Ihe
voic~ a:une, even when eoaowed IVirh 1 glear exrenr oE
medulation, is incJpahle of eonveyi og all thal I'ariery
of emorions and fenfalions, whieh 00 maoy occafions
are nec (fary ro be eomlOuoicated. In all theCe eafes,
morion geflure arecalledio 10fupply Ihe dtfdls of
rhe I'oiee. The amarous pigeon does nút Irun rolely
10 his plainti ve el/oing in. ord<i 10 fofren rhe rigour
of his reluf.aor mm, bur adds ro ir the ml,ft fu blOir·
fi ve and ex?rcfl¡ '¡e gdlum ; "nd thef2ilhful dog, fiod·
in8 his I'oi~e alone iofufficicot 10 exprrf! his joy ar
m:cting wi:h his m. ller, is obligcd 10 have reeourfe
10 a n ricry of cnJearing aétions. Bur nlln-lhc
mofl oiflin~tIIfheu of , 11 the animal crwioo,- allhough
endowed",ilh a poweruf voiee "nd exprtffioo oCco¡¡ nle–
n:tnce and g~nure cmincndy Cuperiur 10 . 11 the erel·
lures of God (¡r,ds lh"l all lhcf, unirte! are nor Curri·
eieor 10 cA prds the iofioi lc 1'31 iely 01ideas \Vilh \1 hi.:h
his mind il (lord: Cor although dlefe may pOlVerfully
ex?ref, the p.!!iItOSa011 ¡¡rooger fedin~' of lhe OIlnJ;
yer as Ihey .re inCA pal. le of c:( prtffi,,~ dlt f,·ver.1 pro–
grd:i'lt Hepl u( pcmpl ion by ",hidl hi: m f;n .f~
and genu res ; whieh as it is narural ro man eonlidered as
a dillin,'! (peeies of animals, and necelfdly for Ihe prefer.
varion aod well·being of the whole, is univerfall y under~
nood by all mankind: rhus laughter and minh univerrally
exprefs chearfu lners 01' mino; while rears, in every parr
of Ihe globe, dilcover a heart overflowing wirh render
fenfalions; and rhe humblc lone of fuppl iearioo, or rhe
aCUle accenr of pain, are equally underllood by ¡he Hu–
rons of Ameriea, anu by lhe more refin ed iohabiraors of
Europe, The orher rpeeies ofl angulge, as ir is entirely
artificial, and derires ils po\\'er from panicular eompaé!,
(for before aoy rhing can be recognired as the fymbol of
an idea, feveral perrons mun firn a~ree rhal fucil ao idea
mun always he denoreo by this fymbol,) O1ufl be
differeol io dilTacol parts of lhe globe ; ami everydifliné!
formwhich it may a(fume, from Ihe oifferenr genius of
every focielYwho originally formed a panicular laogua¡;e
for Ihemfelves, wi ll be ahogelhel uninrelligible ro every
elher body of meo, bUllhofebelon;;ing 10 Ihe ramefociety
wnere Ihal language IVas originally invenred, or rhofe ",ho
navebeen ar p,ins ro aequire a knowledge of it by means
of ftudy.
Ir is unneec!lúy for us here 10 draIV any paralleJ b:.
rween theoarure of IheferwodifFerenrfpeeies of language ;
il beillg fulfieiently e"ideol, lhar the artificial laoguage
does nor deb.r Ihe ufe 01' rhe Iones and gell urts of lhe
nalural, bur reods 10 arcerlain the me,ningof IheCe '.Vilh
grearer precifion, ano coorequeolly ro give rhemgreater
power. Mao muft Iherefore reap maoyadv:lOrages from
lhe ufe o: al'tifieiall.inguagc, I\'hich he eOllld nOI h~1'e en·
joyed ",irhou r il. Ir is equall ypl,in, lh:lr the one, beio!:
n?rur,120d infpired, mllll remaio IIc:llly Ihe fame, wilh·
our maki ng anyprogrefsro p"fet'lioo ; where'as lite olher.
beiog eoril d y Ihe :nveo lioo /Ir m, n, OIufl ltavc "I;ene;;.
ceediogly rude aod iOl l'c' flB ~ I "tll, alld mil I! l"'l'e .Ir–
rived by nownegrces :11 grwer n d gll·.lr,·, pcrfcélioo, a8
the rca(uni og f.ctll des ~t'(lui red l'iR,"ur a"uleods.
JI mul! likcwi fe he fuhjl'él ro "Cr¡"'llIól eh,loges, I¡(':)1
\:13: \'.\ri'·IY oC incidct:!S \\,hi(!i :dl'c.~l all l' ,l,lun,,)' Illi"W' :
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