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T A 8S r . ) J U D
ISNY, a free impcria: eity of German)', in t:,e cirde of
Swabi~, r,tuated in E long. 10°, N. lal. 47° 36'.
ISOCHRONA L, is 3ppli~d to Cuch vibraliolll of a
pendolum, as are pcrformcd in the [lIllt Cpace of time
as aJl the vib'hlions or ClVlOgs of tbe Came p~ndulum
are, whetbu .the arches il d&ribes be longer or
(horter.
Is0CHRON AL LIN E, that in which a heavy body is Cup.
poCed tOJ=Cceod without any aceeleration.
ISOL:\, a pOrt to·. n alld biOlOp's Cee of the hither Ca·
I~b,ia. fifteenmiles Couth of St Severino.
ISOPERIMETR ICAL FIGuRES, in geometry, m
Cueh as have equal perinmers or eircumferenccs.
lS0PYIW ~1. in bol~ny. agenus of the polyandria po·
Iyg)'nia claCs. (¡ no CJlix; the petals are til'e or
more ; the neélarium is bilabiated, and·tubular; and
the eaprule eontains many Ceeds. There are Ihree
Cpecies. none of them natives "f Britaio.
l SOCELES TRIANGLE , io geommy, one lhat has I\VO
equal r,dcs.
ISPAHAN, or SPA HAWN , Ihe capital city of Eyrac
Asem, and of all Perr,a: it is of ao oval form, and
twelve miles in cireumference : E. Ion. 50°, N. Iat.
32° 30' .
ISPIDA, io ornilholog)'. See ALCED O.
ISSUES, io Cu rgery,.are littleuJcers made der,goedly by
the Curgeoo io various pans of the body, and kept o·
reoby Ihe patient. for the preCervalion or recovery of
hisheallh. See SURGERY .
ISTHMIA, or ISTHM IAN GAMES, ooe of the four Co·
lemn ~am~s whieh were celtbrated every fifth year in
Grme ; Co eallcd from lhe Corinthian itlhmus, where
the] \Vere kept.
IsTH >!1jI. in gecgraphy, a narrow necK of. land, lhat
joi ns two eonlineols, or joins a peninCula tO Ihe lerra
firm 1, aod Ceparates tVlO Ceas, .
ISTRIA, a peninCu!a in the north 'part 0(. the gulph of
VtnlCC, bouñded by Carniola on loe norto ; aod on
thc Comh, eaO, and IVell, ~y the fea.
ITALl I\N, the language Cpoken in ItJly.
ITALY, a country filu atcd bCl\\'eeo ben and nineleen
degrees er.f1 loog. and bClween Ihirty eight and rorty·
{erendtgreesnorto I~tilude, bounded by Switurl. nd,
and the Alps, woieh Ceparate il from GerOlany, 00
the nonh ; by Ihe gulph of Venice, on Ihe ea(f; by
Ihe Medilemnean Cea , on the Coulh; and by Ihe
fame Cea .nd IheAI?s. which Ceparate it C,om France,
on Ihe l'IeO; and if we inelude Savoy, whieh lies in·
deed on the .·cll r,de of II,e 111ps, bélwecn ["I y and
Fr2nee. we muO eXlcnd it adegrec fmlter WtO: lhis
isuCu,lIy defcribed, however. wilh (¡aly, as il is conti·
guous 10 Plcr!lOonr, and has Ihe C, me (ol·ereiEn. b('i"~
a prov;oce of Ih~ kin~of Sardi nia's dominiolls. Italyis
to reCtmblt a 10001, and is in lengrh frnm nOllh·
weHto CO~lo· eafl 600 mile~ ; tI.e brc."!I!1 i5 vt ry un·
tqu.l ; in lhe north, ",hiell mly be l'óllJl~ Ihe IVp of
the bOOI, it is ab' UI 400 milts ino:'.l from lo
WtO; in the calf of lhe leg. I,r mi,lrlle, it is "bout
120 miles bro::d ; anJ to~ards ti,,: fl.lllh. , bllut Ihe
inflep, ci¡.hIYmib ; an.1CvIP¡" d,,:nds the fol.
b·:ir~ cOII,lI rics or CuLliviGuns. l. In Ihe nonb are
Ihe duc"ies of Savoy, Picdmonl, andMontCerra!; lhe
tmilories of Genoa; loe duehies of 1IIil. n, MalllUa,
PMma, ~Iodena. and Ihe Im itories of Venice. 2. lo
Ihe micdle of Itall', are the duchy of T urcany, lile
pop.s dmninioos, and Ihe Oale of Lucca. 3. And
in Ihe foulh is the kioedoOl of Naplcs.
ITCH, a eu¡aneous diCeaCc, ariling from a eorruplionof
a Crrous Iymphatie maller, Cometimes a!tended with
mild, Conmimes wilh more obílinm aod daogerous
fl'mptoms. See MEJ}ICINE,
JUB ILEE, a lime of publie and foleOln CeOivily amoog
the ancieot Bebrews.
Thi¡ was kcpl every fiftieth rear : il liegao about
autumnal equinox, and was procl.imed by theCound oC
trumpet throughout alllhe eountry. Al this lime aJl
flares IVece rdeafed. alJ Jebls annihilated, and allland;,
houfes, wivcs, and childrcn, however alienatcd, were
reflored 10 Iheir firU o\\'ners. During this whole year
a'l kind of agricuhure \Vas forbidden, and the poor
h.d Ihe benefil of lhe harvell, vinlagc, and olher pro·
duaions of the earth, in th: fame manner as in the
Cabbatic or fevemh year. As Ihis was ddigned ler
put the Irraelites io mind of their Egyptian fervitude,
and 10 prel'ent Iheir impofing the like upon their breo
Ihrcn. il was not obCerved by Ihe Gentile proCelYles.
The Chrini~ns, in imilation of lhe Jews, have like·
wiCe ell,blifhed juhilces. which began in the time of
pope Boniface VII L io the year 1300, and are now
praaifed every Iwenty·five years; bUI thcfe relale on·
Iy 10 Ihe prelended forgiveneCs of r,os, and Ih e indul.
gences granled by lhe ehurch of Rome: logclhcr wilt..
Ihe privile~e of p:rforming a thouC,nd frolies in maC·
quer3d~.
JUCATAN, or YU CATAN , a penintola of Mexico, fi·
luated bel\Veen 89°and 94° \V . long. and betwecn 16·
and 2 1° N. lat.
JUDAtSM, the relisious dollrines and riles of the ~ws.
See J EWS. .
JUDE, or Ihegener./'r/,ij//co{ JUDE, a canonical book
of the New T<Il~mcnl. wrinen againrl Ihe herelics,
...ho, by Iheir difoltlerly lil'es and impious doélrines,
cortllpled Ihe lailh and gnorl moralsof Ihe Chriflians.
St Jude dla\\s Ihe01 in Ilvely colours. as men given
up 10 their pamo,.!, fuJl of vanity. eonduaing them·
CeI. ,s by 1Y0rldl)' wifdom, and not by IheCpirit of God.
JUDEA . See I'AL EsTINE.
JUDENBURGH, a cily of Sliri., in Germany : E.
10ng . IS°, N 47" 22'.
JUDC E. a chiéf magtllrate of Ihe la\l', appoimed to
he. r cauCes, 10 expl:tinlhe la\Vs. •nd 10 pafs reolence.
Book of JUDGES , a "noniCAI book of Ihe Old TeOa.
menl, Co ea lled from its I'd'-lilig Ihe lI"teof lhe¡Crael.
iles un<b the admini!lrHionof nt~nj' il lu!!rious p~rCuns
\Vho "ere calkd jUclgl! , CroOl Iheir bl;ng uOlh Ihe ei.
vi l , ntl mililat)' gOVl rnors 01' Ihc per,p"', , od who.\\tre
"if~d ur !y C;od upon fpecial olC::!;ons. ,fler Ihe
dcalll of JOOIII', liJl Ihe lime of Ih"i r O1aking a kinn.
In Ihe liOle oC tlli, pert1liar pulil)', thrre \V1'le :uc;.:1
Icnw kahte oceUfl t lll'(' , whieh are reculded in Ihis
huok. lt , eq".tin¡, 115 wi lh Ihe gl'l,f, illl l:il'IYof a
neIV ~encratil)1I Wllldl fpl'uiig up arll.1 lite (j.:. lh llf Jol'
1I11:J,
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