1000000030

H Y D R

S T A T

they do in open ai ro To prove lhis by experimento let

as muen OIOt be put illto a poial, as, wheo eorked. \ViII

make it fiok io water : aod beiog tnus enarged, let it

weigned, lidl io air, aod lnen in \lam, ano Ine weiglils

in botn hoth ea[es wrote uown. Tneo, as the phi,l

hangs fufpended io

wat~r,

and eounterpoifed, pull oUllhe

eork, that water may run inlo il, and il wd l defeeod,

and pull dowo Ihal end01" Ihe

be~m.

his done, pUl as

much weight into the 6ppofile

1~.lc ~s

"ill reaore Ihe e·

quipoife; "'hien

wei~ht

\Vdl be fouod 10 l"flVer exatllyto

Ihe additional wei;:hl of Ine phial wheo II is agaio wClgh–

ed in air, wilh Ihe lValer io it.

The vdocity "ith \Vhlch walcr fpouls out at a hole in

Ihcfid~

or bonom ofa vell'd, isas Ihe fquale root of lhe

dcpln or diaaoee of lhe hole below Ihe furfaee of Ihe wa–

ler. For, io order 10

m.ke

doubl~

lhe qu.otilY of a

fluid ruo lhrough one nole as lhroogh .oodler of IOC fame

fize, it will require four times Ihe pren'ule of lhe olher,

aod therefore roul! be ¡our limes Ihe d' pÚI 01' lhe olher

bdow lhefurface of lhe water: aod for lhe fame reafoo,

time limes Ihe quaolily ruooiog iodO equal lime lhrougn

tne fame fon of hole, mul! ruo wiln lhree limes lhe ve–

locily, which will require oioe li",es lhe prell'ure; aod

coofequeody mufl be ilioe limes as dtep uelow the furface

oflhefluid: and fo on.- fo prove lhis by ao expenmerot,

let tIVO pipes, as

andg (Iig 9.) 01' equal fi zed bures,

be fixed ioto lhe fide oJ lne v, lI't1 A13 ; lhe pipe

bcing

four limes as deep belolV lhe lurfaee of Ihe "'alel' al

lhe vell'd as lhe pipe

is: ami .·hill\ lhefe pipes ruo, 1. 1

waler ue con(!lody poured iOlO lhe vcll'e1, 10 kcep Ihe

fu,faee aill al Ihe fame neignt. Theu, if a

COI'

dut

holds a piat be fo plaeed as 10 r:eeive Ihe water Ihat

fpoul! from the pipe

aod al Ihe fame momeol a eop

tlUI holds a quart be fo plaeed as 10 reeeivé the \I/'Iér

Ibu

fpou~s

fromlhe pipeg, uOlhcops " ill be filkdallhe

fame linle byIheir refpetlave pipes.

The herizo",1di(!aoee,

whieh a fluid \ViII fpoul

froma norizonlal pipe, io aoy pan of Ihefide of ao"P–

righl "lI'tI belolV Ihe fu,faee of Ihe fluid, is equallO

I.·ice Ihe leoglh of a perpeodieular 10 Ihe lide of Ihevef·

fel, dra.·o from Ine moulh of Ihe pipe 10 a femi eircle

deferibed upoo the altilude of Ihe fluid : aon Ihercforr,

Ihe fluid will fpout 10 the greaten dlaanee poflible from a

Fipe wnafe mOUln ismhe eenlre of Ihe feolleircle; beeaufe

a perpeodieular to in diameler (fuppofed paralld 10 Ihe

fide of Ihe veOel) drawo from Ihal poiot, i! Ihe longel!

lhal eao poffibly be drawo from aoy par! of Ihe di. mtlCr

10lhe eireumfereoee of Ihe fe;nieircle. ThllS, if Ihe

..lI'd

(fig. 9.) be full of waler, Ihe horizoolal pipe

be io the middle of its fide, aod Ihe femicirde

:,'h

be deferibcd upoo

as a eeOlre, wilh Ihe r.dius or f<–

midiamel~r

OgN,

Dr.,

Ihe perpeodieular

ti"

diammr

NO.

i! the loogen Ihal eao be drown from ar,y

part of lile diameler 10 Ihe eireumference

N,deb.

Aod

if Ihe ' ell'd be kept full, Ihe jel

will fpOll1from Ihe

pipe

10 Ihe horizontal dinanee

whieh is dOllble

Ihe I,oglh of the perdeodieular

Dd.

lf IWOOlhtr pipes

alid

be fixeo ioto Ihe fid. of Ihe veOd al equal

dialoces above aod be/olV Ihe pipe

the pcrpendieulats

aod

F.c,

frolO Ihefé pipe 10 Ihe fcmicirclc, will be c–

Iiu¡l.¡ aoo Ihe jm

aod

fpoution from IheOl

wi!l

eaeh go 10 tlle hcrizonlal di(boee

NK;

whieh i! double

Ihe leoglh of Il:e equal perpeodieulars

Od.

Floids by Iheir prell'ore :Ildy be eooveycd over hills aod

.alleys io beoded pipes, 10 aoy heighl oot grealer Ihao

Ihe level of Ihe fpriogs from wheoee Ihey /lo

IV •

But

\VheoIhey are dcligoed 10 be rúf"dhigher IhaoIhc fprings,

forGiog eogines mUI! be ufed; whieh Olall be deferibed

wheo we come

treat of pomps.

jjphor.,

geoerally ufed for deeaoling liquors, is a

beodt4 piFe, whofe legs are of uoequal leoglhs; and Ihe

!horten leg muO allVays be put iOlo Ihe liquor ioteodcd

to be deeaoted, Ihal Ihe perpendieolar al lilude of Ilre

eolumnof liquor io Iheother leg may be looger Ihao Ihe

eolumn io Ihe immerfed Ieg. ef'pecially aboye Ihe fil r–

faee of Ihe water. For, if bOln columos were eqllally

high in Ihat refpeél, Ihe almofphere, whieh prell'es as

mueh up\Vard as dowoward. aod tlterefore aéls as mueh

npward agaioa Ihe eolumo io Ine leg Ihat haogs wilnoul

lhe .rll'd, as il aéls downward upon Ihe furfaee of the 11-

quor io Ihe ,ell'e1, \Vould hioder Iheruooiog of the liquor

Ihrough lhe fyphoo, eveo Iho"gh il were broughl ovcr

the beoded par! byfuélioo. So Ihat lhere is oOlhing lefl

10 eaufe Ihe mOliol\ of Ihe liquor, but Ihefoperior IVeiglrl

of Ihe eolumo io the looger leg, 00

aeev~OI

of ¡IS having

the greater perpeodielllar height.

Let

(Iig. 10.) be a eup fillcd lVirh walerto

and

ABC

a fyphoo, \l/hofe OIOrlCr leg

BCF

is immerfed iD

the water from

to F. lf Ihe

e~d

.of Ihe olh,r leg

were no lower Ihao Ihe hoe

AC,

I'/ll\eh

level lI'ilh 1m:

furfaee of Ihe waler, Ihe fyphoa woulJ OOt

filO ,

,.en.

Ihough Ihe

.i.r

(hould be dllll OOUI of it al Ihe momh

A. For allhough Ihefuétioo \\'ould dralV fome w' ler al

fidl,

)'el Ihe wm r would aop

Ihe momeot Ih, futlioo

e..red; becaufe

Ih~

air woulr! aél as muehuplVard againll

Ihe wareral

A••

! it .éled dO'voward for il

prelr.og

lhe fu rface

BUI if Ihe leg

I\B

come; dO\l/o to

aod Ihe air be d"IVo OUI al

by fllélioo, lile IVat';

will immecl:.Ilc1y follo\V, aon eontiooe 10 ruo, until Ihe

rorfaee of

I~e

waler io Ihe eup comes dewo10 F; beeaufe,

ulllhtn, Ihe rerper.dieul" hei&hl of Ihe eolumn

!:lAG

\ViII be grc:uer Ih"o Ihal of 1:,. .olllmo

en;

aod eoole–

queody. ilS \V1ighl IVi!! be grwrr,

uOlillhefurf.ce

eom~

dOIVa 10

and Iheo Ihe fyphoo willlfo p, thougn the

leg

Ihould releh 10 Ihe bOIlOIll of Ihe cup.

FOI"

~vhich

rc"feo, Ihe leg Ih' l h.lngs IVilhoul Ihe CI'Pis , l.

W.IYS made long eoollgh 10 rcaó brlo'v Ihe lerel

01' liS

bOIlO,II ; as from

E :

and I:.( n, wheo Ihe,Iyphoo i!

emplied of ,ir by ("élioo al

Ihe W.llCr

imOl~c1iately

f"lIoll's, and by ils

eO"liouill br;n~s

a.·ay .he wholefrom

Ihe eup ; jllll as pu:lingooe eod of a Ih!Cld IVill ma"eIhe

,\hol ~

c1\;e

(O!i:l\'I ,

Ih. perr,odielll" heighl of a fn ·hon. f, om Ihe fur–

f.liC of Ihe

\\al~r

10 ils beoded 10p 31 B. be OIore Ihan

leel, it will draw 00 wm r, eveo Iho"gl1 Ihe olher

Icg

wele l¡l:1Ch looger, aod

I ~e

fyrhoo

q~¡lc

cmpli(d of

air, uccallle Ihe wcight of a eolurnn of waler

high is equ.,1

Ihe lI.ighl of

Ihick a COI"010 of

a:r, re.-hlog from :he ;,11 Íace of Ihe earth 10 Ih, 10p of

Ih~

alnlo(phm; fo Ihal locre willlheoh. aoequilibriom ;

a01 coo(e(l'lently, Ihour.h Ihere wOllld be w, ighl eoough

of air opon lhe furface

tu.k.e

Ihe W.\I:r alc<:od 10Ihe

leg