827 / 1042
HYDROS
Elevate the pipe to lhe pofidoo A
;0
on lhe quadrant ;
~d
ifit be fllpplied with water, lhe water will rife from
it into lhe pipe
.'1B;
t~
'the heighl
Al,
or to Ihe f' me
!:ve!
\Vith lhe moulh of the pipe al
30.
The fine of this
elevadon, or of tbe an¡¡le of
30
degrees, is
e
30;
whieh
is jull equal to half lhe length of the pipe, or to
so
of
fueh pans of lhe
feal~
as lhe length of lhe pipe con·
lains
100.
Therefore, lhe prell'ure of the waler al
A,
in a pipe elevaled
30
degrees above the horizontal !erel,
\ViII be equal tO one half of \Vhat il would be, if lhe
fame pipe flood uprigla in lhe uluation AB.
And thus, by clevating the pipe
10 40, 50,
6o,
70,
and
80
degrees
00
lhe quadrant, Ihe fines of Ihde ele·
valions will be
d
40, , 5°,/60,
g
70,
and
h
8o;
whieh
\ViII be equal lO lhe heiglns
AUI,
An, A., Ap,
and
Aq ;
and Ihefe heighls meafured upoo Ihe feale
8
will be
64' ~'
76.6, 86 .6, 94.0,
and
98,5;
whiéh exprefs Ihe
prell'ures al '
A
in all theCe elevalions, epnfidering Ihe
prell'ure in Ihe upri¡;hl pipe
AS
as
100.
Beeaufe it may be of ufe to have the lengths of , lIlhe
fines of a quadrant from
°
degrees to
90,
IVe have given
Ihe
foregoin~
lable, lhewing Ihe leogrh of Ihe fine of eve·
ry
degree in fueh pam as Ihe whole pipe (eql1al
10
Ihe
radius of Ihe quadranl) eontains
1000.
Then lhe fines
will beinteJral or whole pans in length. BUlif youfu p.
pofe lhe length of the pipe
10
be d:vided only inlo
1
ce
equal pam, the lafl figu re of eaeh pan or une mur! be
CUl on· .s a decimal; and lhen Ihofe IVhieh remain at
the left hand of this feparalÍon will be iotegral or whole
pam.
Thus, if Ihe r,dius of the <¡uadrant (Cuppofed
10
be
equal
10
Ihe length of the pipe AC) be divided into lOOP
equal pans, aod the .Ievation be
45
degrees, lhe c'ne of
Ihal elevation will be equal
10
707 of thefe pUlS; hut
if Ihe radius be divided into
100
equal pans, Ihe fame
fine will be only
70.7
or
70T'.r
of tbefe pam. For, as
loooisto
7°7,
fo is
100 10' 70.7.
As il is of grcal importanee
10
all eogine·makers. to
know what
qu~nlily
and lVeighl of water lVill be contain·
ed io ao upright round pipe of a given diammr and
h=ighl. fo as. by kn'." ing whal weight is
10
be raifed,
Ihey
m~y
proponioo thm cngines
10
the force whieh
they eao offord ro work rhem ; we lhall fuhjoio tables
lhelViog Ihe oumber of eubie inehes of Wller eootaioed
ioao uprighl pipe of a round bore, of aoy diameler from
one ineh to fi x and a half; aod of .ny heighl from one
fool to IIVO hundred : logelher wilh the weight of the
faid numher of
e~bie
inehes. bOlh in Iroy aod avoirdoir· ·
dupoife ounees. The number of eubie inches divided by
231 , 11'111
reduce lhe water
10
galloos io wine meafurc;
and divioed by
382.
will reduce il ro the meafure of
. Ie·
galloDs. Alfo, the lroy ounees divideJ by
12.
IViII
reduce the \Veignl
10
troy pouoos : 'and the
avoirdupo.leouoees divided by
16,
Vlill reduce the lVeighr lvavoirdu·
poife
poun~s.
And here IVe mull repeal it again. Ih.t Ihe wcighl or
rrell'ure of Ihe water atliog agaiall Ihe pOll'er rhal works
Ihe engine mull alwa)'s be t Oimaleo aeeordiog
10
rhe
pcrper.dieular height lO \Vhieh ir is ro be " ifed, wilhollt
aoy regard
10
Ihe Iength of lite condllll pipe. when il
has
alr óbliquc pofilion;
~nd
as if the diameter of lhal
VOL.
H. No.
60.
I
T A TeS.
813
pipe IVere jun equ,1
10
Ihe diameter of rhat part of the
pump in \Vhieh lhe pillon works. Thus hy tbe tai>b on
lhe IWO followiog pages, the prell'ure of lhe water againll
.n engine \Vhofe pump is of a
4{
inch bore, and the pero
pendicular heighe of lhe water io Ihe eonduél·pipe is
80
fcel, will .be
e~ual
10 8057
5
Iroy oun,es. aoJ
10
8848.2
avoirdttpoife ollnees; wltieh makes
67 1'4
lroy
pouods, and
553
avoirdupoifc. •
EXAMnE.
R_quird lhcnulllber ,/cllhicillcher, amI
Ih, 'lJJdghl
of
./he
'lJJaltr. in an
~prigh/
I'ip,
278/"1
hiCh, and
1{;
il/ch di3meler?
F<tl.
Cubic inchu.
200
7°
8
AnfIV.
278
4
2
4
1 • 1
'4
84.
1
169.6
589P
rr.,
11'Z.
2238.
2
7
8
3.3
8H
3
tIl.O
Avoir.07..
245 7
8
860.l
98.3
Here Ihe oearen
~ngle
decimal figure is ooly laken in–
to Ihe aeeounl ; and Ihe whol: . being reduccdby divifion,
~mounlS 1025~ wine'g~lIons
in mcafure, lO
259~
pounds
Iroy, and
213-:-
pounds avoirdupoife.
T hefe tables were at fi r/l caleulaled to c'x decimal
plaees for Ihe fake of exallnefs; bUI in traolCribing
Ihem Ihere are
00
more thao two decimal figures lakeu
inlo Ihe aeeounl, and (omerimes bUl one; beeaufe lhere
is no neee/liry for cOOlpuling to huodrcdlh pans ofan¡Oell
or of aDounee in praéliee.
Th,
frt (ltgir.e.
T H
E
frt',ngille
comes nexI iD order to be explaincd :
but as it would be diRieull, even by the bell piafes.
10
give a particular defeription of ilS feveral pam. fo as to
make Ihe \Vhole intelligible, we lhall only
ex~lain Ih~
principies upon which il is eon/lruél ed.
l .
Whatever weighl of water is In he raifed, Ihe
pUOlp·rod mun be loaded .w·th IVoighls fuRici ·nt for th. t
purpoCe. if
it
be done by a foreiog pump, as is generally
the eafe: and rhe power of Ihe engine mull be fuRieient
for lhe weighl of lhe rod, in order to briog il up.
2.
lt
is known, lhal Ihe almorphere pre/fes upon the
furfaee of Ihe cmh IVirh ·aforee e!lual lO
1.,
poundsupon
every fquare inch.
3. When waler is heated to a eerrain degree, lhe.par.
tieles thereof repel one anolher. and eonll ilUle an e1. fi ie
/luid. whieh is gcner;lIy called ficam·or v' rour.
4. HOI (feam is very el. llie; and IVhen il is eooled by
anymeans, partieularl)'
by
irs beiqg mixed IVilh cold w:t·
ler. its elaflieiry is defiroyed immedialel)'. and il is re–
dueed
10
water agai
n ,
5. If a \'elfd be filled \Vith hot lIeam, and tiren c10Ced
fo
~s
10
.ke~p
Out
the external .ir ano all orher Ouids ;
\Vh<11 lhal ficam is by aoy mcans ccnd, nfcd, eooled, or
rcdueed
10
wal.:r, that water will lall to Ihe bOllom of
lhe v(
1I'e! ;
and lhe eavil)' of lite vellel IVill be alOlo/l a
pnfcl1 .vacullOl.
6. Whenevcr , vacuuOl is made ia an" ,,/1:'1. the air
hy ils wci¿ht wil! codeal'our
10
rulll in;o tI.e
VI
lid,
Of
-t
8 T
10