1000000030

H Y D

n o s

T A T

e s.

10 drive in any oloer body

Ih~1

will givc way lo

in prerrure: as may be eafily

f~en

by a eoollllOo

(yrio~e.

For, ir you 1I0p IhebOlwm of a fyrince,

and Ihen draw up

dl~

pillon, if il be fo lighl a,

10 drive out a!1 Ihe nir before il, and

I~~ve

a va·

eUllm within

th~

ryringe, the pifian bcing lel go

will be driven down wilh agre'l force.

T he force with' whieh Ihc pillon is drove

down, whco thue is a vaeuum under il, wiH be

Ihe fquare of the diameter of lhe.bore in Ihe

fyringe. T hal is 10 fay, il will be driveo dowo

",ith four times as much force in a fyringe of a

tlVo-inch bore, as io a fyringe of one inch: for

lhe areas of eirdes are always as the fquares of

lheir diameters.

T he prerrllre of the almofphere

b~ing

paunJs upon every fquare inch, it will be equal

10 about 12 pOllOJS "poo everycireular ioch. So

11m if Ihe bore of thc fyringe be round, and one

ineh in diameter, the pillon will be prefl down

iOlo it by a force nmlyequal tO12 pouod,:

bUI if the bore be two inches diameter, the pif–

ton will b! prefl clown with four times that force.

And henee it is cafy to find wi:h what force

the almorphere prerrcs upon any given number

eit:ler of fqulre or circular inehes.

T hefe being the principies upon whieh this

engine is eonflruéted, ",e fllall next defcribe the

chief1V0rking pws of il : which are, l. A boiler.

cylinder and piflon, 3.

beam or lever.

T he bQiler is a large velrel made of iron or

eopper ; and cornr,lOoly fa big as tOeonlain abOUI

: oco gallons.

'[he eylinder is about 40 inehe! diameter,

bored fo fmoulh, anJ its Icadlered pilton fitting fo

clore, that link or DO

\\'~ter

can get betweeo Ihe

pifion aod fides or the c)'lioder.

T hings

beio~

thu: prepared, Ihe cylinder is

placed upright, and th: fhank of Ihe pillon is

tixcd 10 one fnd of lhe beam, whieh IUros 00

a centre Iike a eOO1Olon b.lance.

T hc boiler is pbced unda the cylinder, with

eOO1munieation between them, whieh can be o–

pened and !huI oc.:afionally.

The boiler is filltd about half full of water,

and a flrong 1ire is made under it : th,n, if lhe

eommur.ieation between lhe boiler and the eylin–

der be opened, theeylinder \\'ill be filled \I'ilhhot

(leam : wl.ich \'Iould drive the pifian quite out at

the top of il.

there is a eontrivance by

whieh the piflon. when it is near the IOp of the

cylinder, !huts the eommunieation at the top of

the boiler wilhin .

Th is is no fooner ntut, than another is o–

penerl, bywhieh a litde eohl water is

~hro\V~ ~p'

• walrls in a jel into the cyllOder, wh,,:h nllxlng

with 'the h'l! IIcam, eonrlcnfts it immediatcly; by

which means a\'aellllm is marle io the eylindu, and

the piflon is prdfi:d Jown by the weight 01' Ihe

. tmorphae; ,n,l fo lifts up the loaded pump.rod

.t Ibe olLer end of lhe bc?Jtt.

H YD R O S TIC A L T A

LES.

1 lneh diameter.

lnches diameter.

"lIs r!i

Weight In avoir

~ ~olidily

Wcigllt In avoir

n o

in eubie inTroy duroire

CUblC

illTroy dupoire

iDehes.

ounees. ounees.

~Q'

IDchei.

ounees.

OWICCS.

----

---

9·42

4·97

,.46

I 2t .21

11 .19 12.29

2 18.8,

9·95

tO·9

2 42·4'

22.38

24. 53

3 28.27

t4.92

16.18

63· 6

33·}7

36.87

4 37·7° 19.89 21.8,

4 84·8

44·76 49. 16

47·12

24.87

27.31 5 106.03

5}·95

61.4,

---

----

--- ---

6 56·55

29.84 3

.77

12].23 67· 15

n·n

7 65'97

34.82

~.2l

7 147·44

78,34

86.02

8 75·4° 39·79

41.69

8 169.6, 89'53

~8·3 '

9 8·1·82

44.)6 49. 16 9 19°.8, 100·72 110.60

10 94. 25 49·)4 ",.62

10 212.c6 t11.9'

122.89

- ---

-- --- --

188.49

99.48 '09. 24 20 424.12 223·B2 245-78

30 282·74 149.21

16 1.86

3° 6J6.l) 335·73 368.68

4° 3¡6·99 198,9, 218.4) 40 848.23 447.64 491.}7

50 471.24 248.69 2)3.°9 50 t060.29 H9·S;

614·4~

60 ,6"49 298.4.> 32).7 1 60 1272.35 671.46 737·3,

---

-- ---

)0 6,9,71 34 8. 17 382·33

70 1484.40 783',7 860.24

Bo 7539 8 397·9° 436.95 80 16<)6.46 895-28 98J.14

9° 84].23 447.64

491.}7

90 1908·52 1007. 19

1t06.oJ

100 942.4 8 49).:;8

,46.1

100 2t20.58 1119·°9 t228·92

200

1884-96

994.)6 ' 09 2.3 8 200 424 1.15

22]8. 18

2457. 84

2 loches diameter .

Inches diameter.

37.70

19.89 21.8;

1 58.90

1•

34·\4

2 )5.40 39·79

43.69

2 117.81

62.1)

68.27

13.1 0

,9.68

6"54

3 176.7 1 9)·26 '02.4 '

4 1,0.80 79·,8 87·39

235.62

124·34 ' 36.}5

IS8.,o 99·47 t09.24

5 294.52 t}5·43 1 ¡0.68

---- --- --- ----

-- --

6 226. 19 "9·37 131.08

353·43

186.52 20-1.82

7 26 3. 89 t39· 26 1}2.9 \

.33

21).60 23 3'9 6

8 301.,9 159.16 17-1·)8

8 47 1.24 248.69 273·09

9 3,,9. 29 1)9.06 196.6J

9 ,.10·14 279·77 J07·2]

10 37 6'99

'9 8

'9;

218.47

10 ,89.05 310.86 ,4 1.37

---

-- -- --

20 753-9 8 397.90 43 6'9, 20 11)8.10

6ZT

.j2

éBz.n

;0 " 30.97 596.8, 66,·42 30 t767·', 932.58 102.¡.tO

40 1,07,9) )95.80 873.90 40 2356.20 1243·44 1;6,.47

50 1884-96 994·

¡¡

'°9 2., 7 ,0 2,45-25 ' 554.3 0 1)06.83

60 2261.9' 1193·;0 ' 3 ' °.8, 60 3L4·29 t86,.16 2048.20

- ---

---

-- - ---

)0 ,638,94

'39 2.6,

',29.32

70 412,.3-4

2176.02

2j B9· 27

Bo 30' J.9J 1,91.60 1747.80 80 47 ' 2.

2486.88

z¡

.;0·94

90 .1.;9 2.9

179°.5 6 '9 66 •2)

, ,01.4'¡ 2797.74 >0;2.:0

100 3)69-9 1 1989·,t 2184.75

ICO

,89°.49 ;108.60 241 ;.6)

200 75 ;9.82 3979 co 4;69,,0 200 11)80.98621).:0

.IH2)•.

HYDRO·