1000000030

H Y D R

S T A T

e s.

In the fame figure, let the tIIbe be re-Clltved (rom the

boltom at

iOlo Ihe fil ape

DE,

and the hole at

flopl wilh a eork. Then pour water iOlO the tube to

any height, as

Ag,

and il will Cpout up in a jel

EFG,

nml)' as high as il is kcpl in the tube AB, by conlinuing

to pour in as mueh therc as runs through the hole

whieh will be the eafe wllilfl Ihe furfaee

kccps 'at the

f.lme height. And i( a liltle ball of cork

be laid upon

the tOP of the jct, it will be Cu"poned thereby, and

dance upon it. The rcalon why lhe jet riCes 001 quite

lo high as Ihe fur(ace of the waler

Ag,

is owiog to the

refinance it meets wilh in tlle opeo air: for if a lube, ei·

ther great or fmall, was fcre\Ved upon Ihe pipe at

F.,

the

water would rife in it until the furfaers of the waler in

bOlh tubes were on the fame leve!; as wilJ

!hewn

the next experimento

Let eaeh velTeI be opeo at bOlh corls, ao.! the:r ¡'ot."""

Dd Do'

be of equal ",idl:IS.

L~I

a h"fs UOItOIn

CI'

ue exaaly fiued to eaeh veOcl, nOI

r,o

in'o il. h,tt

f~1

flaoel upon; arid let a picee of wel !edtl,er he pUl

betlVeen caeh \'elTd and its urars boltom, for the (.ke

,,1'

clorenefs. Join eaeh bouom lOil! velli.1by a hinge

thal il may open like Ihe lid of

uox ; and lel caeh

botlombe keplup tO ils verrel by equal weights

and

huog

lioes whidl go over the pullcys

and

(IVhdf~

blocks are li xed

Ihe fides of Ihe vclTds al/) aod th,:

lines lied 10 hooks al

and

fixed in Ihe braC,

boltom~

oppofile to the hinges

and

Thiogs be:ng th'l!

prepared and fiucd, hold Ihe velTel

(fig.

5.)

uprigl:t

io )'our haods ol'er abaron on a taule, and cJufe \Vate\'

to uepoured into the \'elTeI fiowly, lilllhe prelTure of the

water bears clown ils bottOOl at the fide

0',

and r.lifes

fin:

weighl

and then pm of the water will run OUI al

<J"

Mark lhe

h~ighl

al w!l:ch the furface

of Ihe Waler

he h)'droflalic paradol(.

ood in Ihe velTel, when Ihe bottom began to give IVa)'

quanlily of a fluid, ho\V fmall foenr,

m~y

be at

and then, holding cp lhe olher vefl'eI AB (fig. 4')

"",de to balance and fupport any quantilY, how great fo· in the fame manner, cauCe waler In be poured into il at

ever. This is defervedly termed

Ihe h),droflalical tara·

and you " ill Cee tu:a when tlle ",aler

riC~s

to A in

dox,

which we !hall firfi !hew byan experiment, nnd Ihis velfel, ju!! as high as il did in Ihe fonner, ils boto

then aeeount for it upon the principie above·mentioned, 10m will

alC~

give \Val' al

aod it willloCe part of the

n¡mel)', that

,he prrj'ure

fluidl

ÍJ

dire{//y al

Ih.ir

piro

waler.

pendicular htighl, 'Wilhoul anJ regard lo Ihe;r q//Jnlil)'.

The natural rcaCon of 1r.;S

rurprifin~ phcnom~non

is.

Let

fmall slaf, tube

DCG,

(6g. 4') open at bOlh that fince all parts of a fluid at

cqu~1

de¡:ths below Ihe

eods, and bended al B, be joioed to the end of a great furfacc are equally prcff,d in all manner of di,.,'lion!.

ODe

cd,

where Ihe great one is alfo open;

thal the ",ater immedimly below lile fixed pw

B/(fie

tllefe tobes in their openings may freely communiwe will be preflen aS mueh upward again!! irs 10IVer Curfact

wilh each other. The" pou r water through a fm all· ",illlin the velTel, by the aélion of Ihe columo

Ag.

al Jt

neeked fuonel ioto the Cmall tobe at

this "'aler

",iII

would be

a eolumn of Ihe

Cam~

heighl. aroJ of an,

ruo through the joining of Ihe tubes at

cd,

aod rife op diameler whatever; (as was evident by Ihe experiment

ioto the great tcbe : and if you eontioue pouriog until with the tuue, fig. 3 ) and tllerefo'c, finee atlion ami

the furlace of the waler comes t9 any pan, as A, io the reaaion are equal and conlrary

eaeh ol her, tlle water

grmtube, and theo leave orr, you ",ill fee that lhe furfaee iOlmedialcly below the (urface H/will be prclTl'd as mUlh

of lhe water io the fmall tube will be jufl as high al

downward by it, as if it was immed alely touehed aOO

fo tbat the perpendicular allitude of tI,e water ",ill be Ihe prelTed by a eolumn of Ihe heigllt

/lA.

and of the rliame·

fame io

b~th

tubes,. however fmall the

one

be in propor· ter

Bf:

and therefore, lhe water in the ea\'ily

BDd[

tion to the other. This !hews, thal the Cmal! colu01n will be prerred as mueh dOll'OWdrd upon its botlom

ce,

DCG

balances and (uppom Ihe great eolumn

Ácd;

as Ihe botlomof lhe olher velTd (fig. 5.) is pref!; d byaJl

whieh it could not do if Iheir prelTures were not equal a· tbe wmr above it.

Rainrl one another in the reeurved botlom at R.-If Ihe

To illunrate this a

liltl~

fanher, let a hole he roade

Imall tube be made longer, aod inclioed in lile fitu atinn at / (6s.

1'.)

in the fixed top U/, and let a tube G be

GEF,

the furface of the water in il will fiand h F, on put inlo il; Ihen, i( water be pourcd inlo the tube A,

the C¡me lerel with the furface A in lhegreal tube ; Ihal il will ("fter rol/ing lhe cayit)' Bd) rife up into Ihe tube

is, the waler will have the fame

perpcndi~ob r

bcighl in . G, until it conles tO a levd wltll Ihat in the tube

bOlh tobes, a\though the column in tlle fntall tube is long. whieh is maoifem)' owing to the l:retrure of the lVmr in

tr than tllat in Ihegreal one; the former being oblique, the luhe A, UpOll that io tbe ea, il)' of thevclTd bdolY it.

and the latler perpend:cular.

CooC~qucndy,

Ihat pJrt of lhe tOp

Bf,

in whieh the hole

Since then the prerrllre of fluids is direa ly as their pero is now

m~de,

would, if corked up, be prelred upIVard

pendicular heighls, \Vithout any regard 10 Iheir quantities, with a force equal 10 lhe weight of all Ihe \l'ater wllieh

it appean thal whatever the 6gure or fize of velTds

be,

is rurported in Ibe tuue G: and the Came

thin~

"'ould

ir they are of equal

hei~hls,

and if tlle .redSof Iheir hold at

if a hole "'ere nldde Ihere. Ami fo if the

botloms are equ.l, the prelToresof equal heichls of water whole tover or tOr B/ ",m full

holes. and h¡d lubes

Are

~qull

upon the botloOls of lheCe vetreh; evenIhougn as h:gh ¡! lhe m,Jrlle one

t\g

pUt illl. Ihe,tI, the water

Ihe one Olould hold a thouCand or len tlloufand limts as in each tube would rife tO lile

f.me

heighl as il is kept

mueh water as would fill tlle olher. To confirm thi, into Ihe tube A, by

pJu, iu~

nlure iniO it, to Illake up

pan of tl,e hydroflatical paradox by

~ n

exreriment, let tire dl'ncicney tlwt it ru!lains uy (urplying the othcrs,

IWO

.elTels be prcpared of equal heiEhts, but very une· unlil thcy "'ere all foil : and

th~n

the w.trr in Ihe tube

qU¡! eOntenll, fueh as AB in 6g. 5, aod AB in fig. 6. .'\ would furpcrt equa! hei:;!lts of water in all tlle rdl (;f

VOL.IL

No. 60.

t:te