1000000030

GAG

1rc

r~ven eylinll"¡~al

ra)'! in the

br~nehiollcge

mem–

brane; the

hu.ly

is obloog. \Vi th deeidllolls bies; the

\Vhule fi os are cuvcretl with the commoo Il;io of the

filh ; Ihe ra)'s

t.(

Ihe back·lios are hlunt. aod thofe of

th, bfl,.fI are 1I1.lrp. ThL rc are (evcoteco (peeics,

prioelp.dly diflioguilhed by Iheir eirri, aorl the oumber

b,l~k· lios.

CAGE . io Ihefea.laoguage. Wheo ooe IIlip is towind·

wud of , oolher. nle is

f.id

to hal'c Ihe weather.gagc

of her. Tbcy like\Vife eall thc onOlber of f<Ct that a

v, lfd lioks io thc w.lter, the Ihip'sgage: this they fiod

by driviog

oail iota a pike oear the end, aod puttiog

il Jown b fiJe lhe rudder liJl ,he o.,il e.tehhold unJer

i,; lheo as maoy feel as the p,ke is uoJer waler, is the

fhlp's gage.

C AGE, aOlong letler·fouDders, a picee of box, or olher

hard wood, varioully nOlehed; lhe ufe of whieh i! la

p.djulllhe dimenGons, llapes,

&e.

of lhediIFerent (ons

oflelters. See

FOUND H Y.

Sliding,CAGE,

a tool "feJ by mathenntieal iollrument·

makers, for meafuriog aod (ctting oIF dillaoees.

$ (0

GAGE, an inO",,,,enl iOl'eoted by Dr Hales and Dr

De(agttliers, for fioding the rleplh of the fea, the ele·

feriplion ..,hereof is lhis. AH

(PI.le

LXXXV

fig.t.

N°

1 )

is the gage botde, in whieh is eemented the

¡;age·tube

io the bra(s cap at G. The upper end

of lube

is hermetieally (ealed, aod lhe open lo\Ver

eod

is immer(,d io mereury, marked

on whieh

fwim! a (malllhiekoe(s or (uifaee of treacle.

the

10p of the bOllle is (erewed a tube of brafs

HG,

pier.

eed \Vilh (everal holes, tO admit the water into the

botde AB. Thebody

i! a weight haoging by its

/haok

i,· a foeket N, wilh a oOleh on ooe fide at

.rII,

io whieh is fi xcd the em h lof the fpriog S, and

palliog through the hole L, in the Ihaok of the weight

prevcols its f.llJiog out when ooee huog on. On

the top, io the upper pan of lhe bra(s lube at

lixcd a large emply ball, or fulJ·blowo bladder

.which muO not be fa large, bUI that the weight

may be able to fink Ihe whole under water.

TheioOrument, thus eoollruned, is ufed io the fol·

lowiog manoer : The weight

beiog hung 00, the

gage i! let fall ioto deep wmr, ami fioks to the boto

10m; the (oeht N is (otOewhalloogcr thao Ihe Ihaok

and Iherrforc, after the

IL',

ight

comes to the

Ixltlum, ,he gage will eootioue tO de(eend, lill the

¡ower pan of ,he foeket On 'es agaioO the weight ;

ihi! gives libcrtyto lhe eateh to

fly

out of the hol,

aod let go the weight

wheo this is dooe, the b,1I

or bl.lddLT

iollaody buo)'s up the gage to the top of

the water. Whde ,he gage is under WJter, the waler

ba'viog free aeee(s tOIhe treacle aod mereu¡,y io Ihe

botde, will by its prdrure fo"e it up irolo lhe tube

ff,

aod Ihe hei,¡ht 10 whieh it has been furecd by

the grwell prenure,

Vil .

thal at Ihc bOllom. will be

Ihewo by Ihe mu k io the tube whieh ,he

tr,,,I~

bns

belund il, aod whl(h is Ihe ooly u(e of ,he t,..c1e.

Thls lI,ell's ioto whJt fpaee ,he

hole ,ir

tIl

,he Iltbe

F(is eomprcli,d ; lnu eon(equeDdythe

h<,~hl

or depth

.of the waICr. ",Iueh by ils weight prudueed lhat eOnt–

!1i

n, whieh is lhe tblog r:lllltrcd.

G A

the gagc·tube

be of gl.r." a feale

mi~ht

be,

drawn 00 il with lhe poiot of a dl3mood, lI,ewtng,

iofpeaioo, whal hClght the wdler flJnds above tlle

boltuttl. Hut lhe Irngth of

ioehes

not fullieieot

for lalhomiog depths at (ca , fioee tlldl, when all the

,ir io fueh a leoglh of IItbe is eomplclled ioto half

ao ioch, Ihe Jcplh of waler is 00 more lhao

634

fee"

whieh is O(JI half a qttaner of a mile.

If, to ¡,cOtedy Ihis, IVe make u(e of a tube nfly

ioches

loo~,

whieh for Oreogth may be a mulket burd,

and (uppofe the air eomprelrcd iOlo an hundredlb part

of half ao ioeh; theu by f;'yiog, as

1 :

99 ::

400 :

39600

ioehes, or

3300

fect; eveo this is but hule

more thao half a mile, or

2640

fret. But finee it

reafooable to fuppofe Ihe e"iues of Ihe fea bm fome

propor"on to themountaioous paTlS of the laod, fome

of whieh are more than three mib above 'he eanh's

furfaee; therefore, to explore

eh great deplhs, the

Donor contri"cd a oew form for his (ea gage,Or rdlher

for Ihegage· tube in it, as folJows:

BC DF

(ibid.

N°

l-)

is a hoJlowmelallioc globe eOO1muoimiog 00 Ihe top

with a loog tube AB, whofe eapaeity is a oioth pllt

of that globe.

Ihe lo\\'er par! at D, it has alfo

Ihon tube DE, 10 Oand in the mercury aod trmle.

The air eootaioed io the eompound gagc-,ube is com–

prelfcd by the water as befare

but lhe degree of

eompretTloo, or height to which the treacle has beeo

forced, eaooot there be (eeo

Ihro~gh

the tube; there·

fore, toan(wer that eod, a Oeodcr lod of metalor wood,

with a koob on the10pof thetube AB, will recei"e the

mark of Ihe treacle, and Ihew it, wheo takeo ont.

lf the tube AS be

ioehes loog, aDd of (ueh a

boretharev"y ioeh io length 1I10uld be a eubic ioeh of

air, aod the eontents of the globe i od tube together

500

eubie ioehes; then, when the air is eompretTru

Wilhio ao

huo~redlh

part of the whole, it is evidcot

the trcade will not approaeh oearer than

ioches of

the IOp of Ihe tube, whieh will 'gm to the depth of

3300

feet of water as above. Twice Ihis depth wiJl

eODlprefs the .ir iota half thal (pace neady,

vi:.

ioehes, whieh eorrefpood to

6600

whieh is

mile aod

a quarler. Agaio, half Ihat (pace, or

inch, will

/hew double the former dtplh,

vi:.

13200 fw .

miles, whieh is probably very nearly the grwel!

depth of lhe fea.

CA lETA, a Oroog fOrlified IOWO of the kiogdomof

Naples inItaly, thirly.n"e miles oOllh "eO

th. c:ty

of Naples:

loog.

14° 3D',

and N.

lat.

1°

'o.

GAINS BOROUG H, a market·towo of Liocololhire,

fourlcen mili.! oOrlh·well of Lioeoln; whieh gim the

lide of mi tO the ooble famil)' of Nod.

GAlOPHRAGMIA, lO natural hillor)',

~enu!

(epIJri:c, divided by fept:!' or p.trtitioos of earthl' mal'–

ter, of whieh there are fe\'el

Ip<Clcs.

See S

TA RIA':.

CALACTITES, io na'ural hiOOl y, the oRme

b)'

,\hieh

the anCieOl! eall<d

linoolh.

~Ih·rhloultd .

!oJ'''.I''¡

kiod oi" eL,)',

I~,i.t

h.ve

h«o

111;:.1

wtlh f",·:<f,

f~r

ddluxlOns

~nd

ulcns

01 1Il!':

'(S,

1"'! ..

.utrlnhrnt.

GAL¡\NG..

\L~,

in Ihe

OMWIa

mll!I." the

IltOl<

(lf •

11M