1000000030

F 11 N

637

•

FUNERAL RI TF l, cercmooies aecom¡anying Ihe ín.

lerment or burral of any pelfon.

f"IAlin~tion

io ,he ,lcpuralion of ,he more perfeél

IIIml;, i6, wheo, upon IOfuliog Ihcm wllh lead, a

brigh,er coloul' fucceeds a kiod of flll"hllreous cloud,

befolc appeariog in ,he meldls, dUI iog Ihe fufion.

FlIL MI NAT ION, in ,he Romilh eaooo law, a feolenee of

a bl/hop, o/Ró, I,

olher

eeclefi~nie

appoiolcd hy Ihe

pope. by ",hidl il is decreed, Ihal fome bull feot fronl

the pope O,all be exceuted .

FUMAR lA, in botany,

geous of ,he diadelphia hex·

andria c1,fs. The calix coofins of IWO le"ves; aod

the corolla is ringeo!. There are I I fpecies, ,hree of

them ollires of Britaio,

viz.

Ihe ollicioalis, or fumilo,

ry; the capreolala. or rampiog fumilOry; aod Ihe cla–

'vicolm, ordimbiog fomilOry.

The whole pl,ol of Ihe ollicioalis is "fed io medi–

cioe, bciog ac,:ouoled good io Ihe fcurry, j.undiee,

and diforders of Ihe mefenler)' aod fpl eeo.

'FUMIGATION, io ehemillry,

kind of ealcinalioo,

when melals, or olha hard bodies, are eorroded, or

foflened, by receiving eertaio fomes for Ihat purpofe.

FUMIGA 'FIO N, in medicine, Ihe aFpliealion of fumes lO

panicular par!! of Ihe body; as Ihofe of faéli lious

cinnablC, lOvenereal llleers.

FUM lTORY, in bOlaoy. See FUMARlA .

FUNCHAL, Ihe eapilal of Ihe Madeira IOands, fubjeél

Ponugal:

long.

16°,

N. lal.

32°

3;'.

FUNCTION, the aél of fullilling Ihe dUlies of aoy em–

ploymenl.

FUHT ION, being alfo applied 10 Ihe sélioos of Ihe bo·

dy, is byphyficiaos divided ioto vil>l, aoimal, and oa·

lural. The vilal fuoélioos are Ihofe oece/Tary 10 life,

and wilhout which the iodividual eaoool fubMI;

the motion of the hean, luogs,

&<.

The oatur. 1fuoc–

tions

are

fueh as il caooot fubfifl any

~onfiderable

time

wilhout Ihem, as the digenion of the alimenl, and ils

eooverfion into blood.

nder animal funélions areio·

c1uded the fenfes of touehing, ta(ling,

&c.

memory,

judgment, and vclunlary mOl ion, wilhout any, or all

of which an animal may live, but not YCTy eom·

fombly.

The animal fuoélions perform the motion of the

body by Ihe aélioo of the mufcles, and Ihis aélion con–

Gns ehieBy inthe lhonening the Belhy fibres, whieh is

called contraélion, Ihe prioeipal agenls of which are

tI,e arteries and nerves dinribuled in the neOly fibres.

In lhort, all parts of the body haye Iheir OIVn fune–

tions, or aélions peculiar

Ihemfe/ves. Life conlins

io the exereife of thefe ruoélioos, aod heallh iD the

free and ready exercife of Ihem.

ruNO, in commerce, figr.ifies Ihe nocks of Ihe great

trading and monied companies. See STOC

KS.

FUNDAMENT, in an¡lomy . See ANus

r UNO!

HAY,

Ihal filu'ted bel\VC('n NeIV England and

New Seodand, in which Ihm is faid 10 bean txecllent

fi/hery.

F'UNEN, the feeond iOand for magnilude bclooging lO

the king of Oenmark, litualed al Ihe enlranee of Ihe

Ilaltic

En,

and f'pdraled fr(lm .I

ntl.nd

by Ihe I!rall

called Ihe Ic/TLr HtlI, and fr"m Ihe ,(I,od

Zdand

by Ihe nrail ealltd Ihe gr(31 Dell. !ts ehitf lown 's

Odenf<e .

VOL.

Ir.

No. 53 .

Thefe riles di/Tered among Ih: aneieot' aeeordingto

Ihe diff'erent genius and religion of eacheoun"y. The

Egypliaos, alUong Ihe reH of

Ih~ir

funeral rilts, em–

balmed Iheir dcad.

Among the aneient Greeks it was "fual fomclimcs ,

before the interment, to pUl a piece of OIoney iOlo ,he

mouth of Ihe deceafed, which IVas Ihoughl 10 be Cha–

ron's fare for IVaftÍog Ihe deparled f01l1over Ihe iofer–

nal river. This ceremony was 001ufed jn Ihofe coun–

tries ",hich were fuppofed to he filumd in Ihe neigh–

bourholod of Ihe infernal regions, aod lO Icad Ihither

by a ready aod dircél ro.d. The corpfe was likewife

furniO,ed wilha cake, eompofcd

nour, honey,

&c.

whieh was defigned 10 appeafe Ihe fury of Cerberus,

the door keeper of hell, and lO procure the ghofl

fafe and qlliel enlrance.

Duriog Ihe time the eorpfe ennlinued in the houfe,

there flood

~efore

Ihe door a

ven~1

of water, the defign

of which IVas, Ihal Ihofe coneaoed about Ihe body

might puriry themfe/ves by waO,ing ; il beiog Ihe opi–

oion of Ihe Greeks, as \\'ell as of Ihe Jews, Ihat poI–

IUlion

w~s

eontraéled by touching a dead body.

T he eeremonies by which Ihey expre/Ted Iheir forrow

for Ihe dealh of their f,jends, were various; but it

feems to have been a eonflanl rule to reeede as murh

as pollible in habil aod behaviour from Iheir ordinary

eunoms. For this reafon l!tey abllained from baoquels

and eOleminmeots; Ihey divened Ihemfelves of all

ornaments; they tore, cut off, or lhaved their hair,

\Vhieh Ihey eafl inlo the funeral pile, to be con fumed

\Vith Ihe body of their deceafed frieod. Sometimes

they threw Ihemfelves on Ihe ground, aod rolled in Ihe

dufl, or eovered Iheir head wilh afhes; they beat Iheir

breans, and even tore their Aenl wilh Iheir nails, opon

the lofs of aperfonIhey mlteh lalllenled. Wheo pero

fons of rank, fuch as publie maginrates, or great ge–

nerals, died, Ihe whole cily BUt 00

face of mourn–

ing: all public meelings were iOlermitted; therehools,

baths, lhops, temples, and all places of concourfe IVere

lhul up.

lnlming or laying the dead in Ihe ground, feems to

have been Ihemon ancienl praéliee among the Greeks ;

though bUlning came aflerwards 10 be generally ufed

among Ihem.

was cunomary lO Ihrow inlo Ihe fu –

neral pile Ihofe garments Ihc deceafed ufually \Vore.

The pile

w~s

lightedbyone of Ihe dcad perfon's nearea

rclOlionsor friends, who made prayers and vows to the

winds to allin Ihe names,

th~t

Ihe body mighl quickly

he redueed

./hes; and during Ihe time Ihe pile \Vas

hurniog, Ihe dead perfon's friends flood

il, pouring

I,balions of wine, and ealling upon lhe dceeafcd.

Whcn NUllla reformed Ihe rdigion of Rome, I,e

ordered Ihal Ihe ponliff's lhoul"

itA"!!

Ihe care of Ihc

funer.1 ccremonils ; wh ich" in mon refptéls, \\'erelike

Ihofe of Ih, Grecks already defcribtd.

The fltne,,1 riles among Ihe Hcbrews, were foleOlo

and ",agoificcnl: when

~ny

perron was dcad, IlIS re!a·

lioos and fricnds rellt Iheir doalhs ; which cunom is bltt

f"intiy imilalcd by IheOIodl'ln Je\\'!, wlto 001)' CUI

o/T ,

Lit