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F U N
bil ~f loeir garlllenl, in token of ai:1i,I'on. 1t IVa,
Ilfu,[ to b~nJ 11" dc•.! perfon', thumb into lhe hAnd,
anJ fAllen il il11h.t pollu re wlth a Iblng; bec.ufe the
lll\tn>b theo having lhe fi gure of lhe o.,mc of God,
thcy lhought lhe dc"" IVoold 001 dare 10 approach it.
Whco lhey c.,me to the huryiog pl;ce, lhey m,Je a
fpeech 10 the d«d io lhe fullowing lelll1S: " Rlcn'ed
" be Go<l, \Vho Iw forOled lhee, fed lhee, m,iolaio·
" ed thee, aod lakco a\V,y lhylife. O ! hekoows
" yoor oumbers, and Ih.tll oocday rellore y~ur life,&c "
Then thcy fpoke lhe elog;ull1, or funtr,1 oratioo, of
Ihe deeC4red; afler whieh lhey r,ud a prayer. colled
Ihe righleoufoe[s of jndgmeOl; lheo lurOlng lhe face
of lhe deeeafed lowards hcaven, lhey called OUl, "Go
" io peaee.
Tbe aoeieot Chriliians telllficd lheir abhorreoce of
Ihe Pagao cullom of burniog lhe dead; aod always de·
pofiled the body enlire in lhe gronnd: aod it IV,S ufijal
10 bcllow lhe honour of embdlmiog upoo lhe martyrs
alleall, if not upon olhers. They prepared lhebody
for burial, by wan\ing it Wilh waler, and dreffiog it
in a funeral m ire. The exportalion, or cmyiog fOll h
of lhe body, was perforn\ed by oear rclaríons, or pero
fons of [uch dignilY as the circumllanees of lhe decea·
fed required. Pfalmody, or finging of Pf,lms, was
the great ceremony ufed io all fuoeral proceffions a·
moog lhe aoeieol Chrilliaos.
In lhe RomiO\ church, \Vhen a perfen is dead, they
",afh lhe body, and pUl a crueifix in ilS hand. At ilS
feet lIaods a velfel full of holy water, and a fprinkler,
tllat tbey \Vho come io may [Frink!e hOlh lhemfelves
and lhe deceafed. lo the meaolime fome priell lIands
by tbe corpfe, an;! prays for the dcceafed lill il is laid
in lhe eartb . In lhe fuoeral proceffioo, the exoreill
walks6rll, carryiog lhe holy waler; oext the cro[s·
bearer, aflcrw~r¿, the rell of lhe c1ergy, aod lall of
alllhe ofliciali og prielL Tney all fiog lhe lIIif'rm,
2nd fome otner pfalms; aod al the eod of e¡ch pralm
a "guían. \Ve learo froOl Alet's rilual, that the
faee! of deeeafed I'ymeo mu(l be turoed lowards the
altar, \Vhen lhey are plaeed in lhe chureh; aod lhofe
of the clergy, lowards the people. Thecorpfe is pla.
ced io lhe church furrounded \Vith lighled lapers : after
theollice for lhe dead, maf, is raid; lhen the ollici·
tíog priell rpriokles lhe COI pfe lhrice ",ith holy water,
and as ofteo throws ioeenf~ 00 ir. The body beiog
laid io the grave, lhe friends aod rdalioos of the de·
ceared fprinkle lhe grave wilh holy water
The funeral cmmonies of the Greek ehureh. are
mueh lhe lame Wilh Ihofe of lhe Lalio. Ir oeeds only
be obrcrvcd, thal after lhe fuoerAl rerviee, lhey kifs
the erueifix, aod falule lhe moulh aod fo"head of lhe
aeeeafed : afler wh;ch eaeh uf lhe eompaoy em a bil
of bread,' aod drioks a glaf, of wine io lhe church,
win,ior, the [0~1 a good repofe, and the alllitled fanlÍly
.11 eooColation.
FO NERAL GAMiS, a par! of the ceremooy of the anei·
eot funerals.
It was eullomary Cor perron, of qualily, among the
aocieOl Greeks and Runldos, to inílllUle games wllh
till fons of exel'cJfu, 10 render lhe deatb of tlleir
F U L
fric~ds n\Ofe re~,arbble. This pra~iee ",al gener¡lIy
re~ClVed, aod IS Crequendy mClluooed by allCleol wri.
ters o l',lroclus's fune<J1 g.m~s, tAe up the groaldl
pan Of on~ of HOlOer s diau,; and Agam,mnon's
gholl is inlrouuced hy lhe poet 'elliog the. ghoP.
of Achdles, lhal he had beco a fpetlatcr al a gleat
number of fueh fulcmnili,s.
Tite edcbralion of theCe gamcs amoog the Greeks,
mollly confilleu of horfe· raees; lhe prizes were of dtf.
lacOl fOlls and value. aecording 'o tlt~ quality anJ
magnifieeoce of the perfoo lhal edtbrated lhelO. The
garl.nds, given lO vitlors 00 lhi, "n, were uCual.
Iy of parny, which was lhoughl to hdve fome particu.
lar relaMo to lhe dead.
Thofe games, amoog lhe Romaos, coofilled ehieflr
of proceflions; and fOlOelimes of mortal eombm of
gladialors around lhe fuowl pile. They, as welJ as
lhe Greeks, had alfo a eullom, lhough very aocient,of
euttinglhe throalS of a oumber of eaplives before lhe
pile, as vic11ms 10 appeale .lhe maoes of the decea.
fed. Czrar reldtes, thal lhe G,uls had lhis cuflom,
The funeral games were abolrfhed by the emperor
Claudius.
FUNERAL ORATlON, a difcourfe pronouoeedio praifeof
a perfoo deeeafed, al tll' ~mmony of his funeral.
FUNG IRLES, io Scots law, are [uch thiogs as are e.
lIimmd by oUOlber, weighl, or mearure; as, eoio,
butter, ale, &c:
FUNGITlE, in n¡rural billory, a kind offoffile coral,
of a cooic fi;:ure, though fomclirnes Ratted aod IIriatrd
10ngitudioaJly.
FUNGUS, in furgery, denotes aoy.fpongy excre[cence.
See SURGERY.
FUNGUS, io bOlaoy, See B01.ANV, p. 636.
FURCA, in aOliquily, a p;ece of timber refembliog a
fork, ufed by lhe Romans as ao io!\ruowlJ of punilh·
mento
The puoifhmeol of lhe furca was of lhree kinds:
the firll only ignomioiou\, wheo a maner, for Cm.1I
offeoees, forced his fervaol 10 carry a furea 00 his
fhouldm abnut lhe CilY. The f~cood was penal,
wheo the party IVas led about lhe eircus, or olher
place, Wilh the furea aboul his ncek, and whipped all
lhe way The lhird wascapi,al, wheo lhe malef.tlor,
having hi, head {alleoed la lhe furca, was whipped tO
dealh.
FURCHE/, io heraldry, a erar, forked al lhe cnd,.
l'UIUES, io Pagao antiquity, eerrain goddelfes whofe
ofEce il was to puniOI lhe guihy aCler dt'ath. TheCe
were lhree io number; Aleélo, ~legrera, aod TiE,
phooe, who \Vere defcribed wilh fnake! inOnd of hair,
aod eyes likc lighleoing, c;¡¡rying iron·ch,ins and whipt
io one hand, and in the olh" fi~ming wrches; lhe
latler 10 difcover, aod lhe former 10 punifh Ihe guilty;
aod they were Cuppofed 10 he conllantly hov~ring over
fuch pcrCoos as hall becoguilty oC aoy eoormous "ime,
Mylholo~ilh f"ppofe, lhal Tiliphone pundhed ,he
crimes which fpraog frool harred or aoger; ~Ie~re",
thoCe from eo"y; aod .~lcélo, thor, frulll an iolJri.ble
purf"il aflcr ri, hes ao,1plcafure. They \Vere worOup·
p,d al Cafina in Arcadia, and al Ca,mi¿ iDPdoro~ne·
íll.l.