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D R A

454

D R

3. Theo ob(erve lhe middle of lhepiaureyou \Vould

copy, aod louch upoo lhe paper Wilh lhe POiOI of

your coal : aflerwards, ob(en'e lhe more coo(picuous

aod uppermoa figures, if lhere are more lhao ooe,

which you are lO louch ligh!ly io lheir proper places:

lhus, ruooiog Ol'er lhe whole draughl, you will (ee,

as il were, lhe !keleloo of lhe piece

draw.

Haviog Olade OUl the(e fl<elchcs, view themdili·

gemly, if lhey ao(wer your pauero or oot ; for rhe

geaures of lhe life oughl ro Ihew lhem(e!ves emioeol'

lyio lhe firfl aod rudell draughts thmof: correll aod

meod wharever you perceive ami(s, addiog and dimi·

nilhine as il varies from the pattero; by which me·

thod it will be uroughl oearer aod oearer

the life.

Ob(erve the diaaoce of one limb, joinl, or

mu(cle, from aoolher, aod lhe (ame io all other

accideots of the figure, their lenglh, breadth, lUro

jngs,

&e.

fll adowoeXl to the lighl very faiotly ; aod

where ysu (ee uold aod free louches, be oot timor·

ous io expreffing the fame. lo drawiog a head by the

Jife, or otherwife, lake care tO place rhe fearures ex·

aélly righr upoo the crofs- lioes, whether il be a full

face, or three-quarter face. lo fore-fllOrtening yON

mua make the

cro[s.l~cs

fiy upwards, where they

look upwards; but where rhe a[pell is nownwards,

Ihey mufl be Olade dowowards, io a circular manoer.

Having drawo the our-lines true, wirh a coal, you are

to proceed ro lrace the (ame lines again with a peo,

Iodianink,

&e.

nrawing themWilh moreexaé!oe(s, and

by imitating all the hatches with their exaa diaaoces

one from another, lheir croffings, turoings and wind–

ings, with more boldoe(s and freedolll perfell yourde·

fign.

lo drawing afler a naked body, all the mufcles

are not tObe

plainly exprelfcd as io anatomical

fi–

gUI es:, bUl that fide whofe pans are mon apparem,

and of fignificalion io the performance of any aaion,

mua be made lOappear more or lers, accordiog tothe

force of lhat aaion.

7. lodrawing young perfoos, the mufcles mua oot

appear manifefily fo hard as in older and full.grown

perfons : thefaOle is lO be ob[erved as to fat and fielh y

perfons, and Cuch as are very delicale aod beautiful;

and io lomeo, Ccarce any muCcles at all are tObe ex–

prelfcd, or bUl I'cry liule, unleCs it be in fome "ery

terrible aaion, and theo too lhey are to be repre(ent–

ed very fain!ly; the like is al[o to be obCerved as tO

liule childreo.

The motion of lhe whole body mufl be confider.

ed in drawing of lhe murcies; as io the rifing and fal –

liog of the arms, lhe muCcles of the brean do appear

more or leCs; the hips do the Jike accordiog as they

are benl outward or ioward; and it is the fame chiefiy

io rhe Ihoulders, fides, and oeck, according

lhe fe–

veral aaions of the bony_

The proportioA of the figure ought to be mulri·

plied by degrees. in proportion of one to two, rhree,

four,

cre.

for herein the chief !kili coofins: rhe dia–

meter of the biggen place, belween rhe knee and rhe

foot, is double to the leafl; and the largen pan of lhe

thlgh, triple.

DRAY, a kind of can u(ed by brewers, for carrying

barreis of beer, or ale; alCo a fledge drawn withour

wheds.

DRA v, among fportCmen, denotes Cquirrel-nens,

b~ilt

in rhe rops of trees.

DRYATON, a market-town of Shroplhire, fourteen

miles nortll-ean of Shrewlbury.

DREDCE, or DREG, among farmers, denotes om and

barley mingled togerher.

DREDCERS, lhe term uCed in the admiralty-court for

the oiíler-filhers,

DREIN, in Ihe military art, a treoch made to

dr~w

lhe

waler out of a moat, which is afterwards filled wirh

hurdles and car!h, or Wilh fafcines or bundles of

rulhes and planks, to facilitate lhe paifage over!he mudo

See T UNCH .

DRENCH, among farriers, a phyGcal potion for horCes.

The ingredient,s for this purpofe are ro be bearcoarre·

Iy, and either mingled Wilh adecollion, or with wine.

Then lel all infuCe abour a quarter of an hour, and

give it to the horfe with a horn, afler he has been

lied up t\Vo hours tO Ihe rack. .

DRESDEN, lhe capital of Upper Saxony, in Cermany,

Gtuared on the river Elbe, fi xly-five miles nonh-wef!

of Prague, aod eighry ,five fouth of Berlin : E. loog.

13°

36',

N. lato ¡too

is one of rhe largefl and flrOngefl towns in Cero

rr.any, aod is the uCual reGdence of the eleaor of

Saxony.

DREUX, a to\Vn of Orleanois, in Pllnce, (mnteen

miles oorth of Chartres, ann lhiny-fivewefl of Paris.

DRIFT, a term ufed at fea. Thus, any rhing that Rom

upon lhe water, is faid

ruo a·drift.

DRIFT -SA IL, a fall ufed under warer, veered

o~t

righl

a-head by fhee¡s, as other (ails are.

ferves lOkeep

the Ihip's head right upon the fea in a Horm, aod ro

hinder her drivingtOO fa(\ in a current.

DRILL, in mechanics, a fmall innr umcnt for maklng

fueh holes as punches will not conveoiently Cerve foro

Dnlls are of. various fizes, aod are chitfly ufed by

[miths and turoers.

DRILL, or DkILL-BOX, a name given

Jn inarumenl

for fowing land in rhe newmethod ofhorfe-hoeiog huC·

bandry See ARICU LTURE.

DRI

'K,

a pan of our ordinary food in a liquid form,

ferving lOdilllte and moinen the dry meat.

The drinks in differeol counuies are different. The

common drink in Engldnd is either water, malt liquor,

wine, or mixtures of rhefe.

The firn drinks of mankind were certainiy W¡ter

aod milk, but rhe lo

of luxury and debauchery fnon

introduced rhe

3rt

of prcparing inlOxicatingand ioebm·

ting dlinks our of vegerables. The vine gave, rhe

lidl

thefe liquors; afrer rhis, whear, barley, nullet, oats,

rice, apples, pears, and pOOlegranms; and after rhofe

lhe juices drdined from Ihe pine, (ycamore, and mapple,

\Vere brough l

rhis u(e: in lauer limes, roots, ber–

ries, and rhe pith of lhe fug¿r-c¡ne, have beeo employ'

ed for

!h~

fame purpofes_

DRIVERS, alllong fponfmen, a machine f?r dnvlng

pheaCant-powlS, cooGnino of oood Hrong oZICr-waods,

fuch