1000000030

401 / 1042

D n A -15 3 D lt A.
The oaths of the merehants imponing and expon·
jng are required tO obtain the drawh~ck DI' furei~n
goods, alli, ming the uuth of the oflicer's eenifiCJtc of
the entry, anu the due payment of the uuties: anu
theCe nuy be made by the agenr Or hu{l¡~nd of any
corporarion or company, or by the known Cervant of
any merehaot uCually employeu in making his enuies
and pa)'ing his cufioms. In regard to foreign goods
eorereu outward, if leCs quanti,y or value b~ (raudu.
len!ly Ihipped OUt than is exprelfed io tbe exponer's
certificate, the goods therein mention~d, or their va·
lue, u e forfeited, and no drawback to be allowed for
the fame. Foreign goods exported by cenificate, io
order to obtain the drawback, not Ihipped or exporto
ed, or re·landed in Creat Britain, unleCs io caCe of
difireCs, to Cave themfrom perilhing, are tO 10Ce the
benefit of the drawback, and are forfeited, or their
value, \Vith the velfcls, horCes, carriages, cre. em·
ployed in the re.landing thereof ; and the perfons em·
ployed io the re.landing them, or by whoCe privity
they are re·landed, or ioto whoCe haods they lhaU
knowingly come, are to forfeit double the amouot of
the drawbaek. O/licers of the cuf!oms conniviog at,
or aflifiing in any fraud relating tOcertifiem.goods,
befides other penalties, are to forfeit their oRice, and
to Cuffer fix momhs impriConment, without bail or
mainprize; as are alCo mafiers, or perCons belonging
to tbe Ihips employed therein. Bonds giren for the
exponation of cm ificate.goods to Ireland, mufi not
be delivered up, oor drawback allo\Ved for any goodS'
tiU a certifieate under the hands and Ceah of the col·
letlor or compuoUer, &e. of the cuUoms be produ·
ced, tefiifyiog the landing.
The computalion of \Vhat is tObe drawo back upon
the exportation of foreign good!, may be feen uoder
their reCpetlive heads.
DUW' BP.' OCE, a bridge made after the manner of a
fioor, to draw up, or let down, as occafion Cerves, be·
fore the gate of a town or cafile.
DRAWINC, in general, denotes the atlion of pulling
out, Or haling along: thus, we read of ~wing,
wire·drawing, &e.
D ~A'I" NC, the 3rt of repreCeoringtheappearances of ob·
jeas by imitation, or copying without the anifiaoce of
mathematical rules.
The g~neral precepts for drawing are as CoUow :
/. Begin with plain geometrical figures, as lines, ano
gles, triangles, polygons, arches, cireles, ovals, cones,
cylinden, and the like, b~ing the foundation of all o·
ther proponions. The cirele is of uCe in the Ceveral
orbicular forms, as the {uo, moon, globes, &e. the o·
val, in giving a jufi proportion to the face.and mouth;
aod the Cquare confines a pitlure you are to copy, &e.
tI,e uiangle i, of uCe in drawing a fide or half Cace;
angles and arches, in perCpctlive ; and the polygon, in
ground'plots, fonifications, cre. the cone, in Cpires,
lIeeples, tops of towers, &e. the cylinder, in columlls,
pillm, pilaflcrs, &e. See P EKSHC'f'VE.
2. Having brought your hand 10 be fit and reAuy
in general proponions, accufiom yourfclf tO give cve·
ry úLjetl its due O,ade, according 10 its cOllcavity or
VO L. 11. No. 45. 3
rOlll'c:<ity, and to devate or depreCs Ihe raalc, ~; the
ol'j..lt appe:\l s ci:l", nearcr or Imher olf the I,C"t.
3· Tile Iecond lil a ice 01' d,;,wing, confitls in,'orm.
inr. C",i,s, as "l'l'lcs, pears, cherries, &e. "ith lhcir
le.lve~ ; the imita,ion uf nOWCIS, as rofe;, tul,ps, c~r'
natiollS, &e. !terbs, trce!, &c. of dilfcrent kinds.
4· The lhird, in the imit~tion of beafls, fowls, filh.
es, &e.
S· The fonnh pratlice of urawing confifis in the
imitation of the body of lOan, IVith ~II ilSlineaments,
as head, noCe, eyes, ears, check" arms, and lhauolVs,
all exatlly proportioned both to the IVhole and to
one another.
6. The fifth is in the drapery, in the imitation of
eloathing, and anificially Ceuing off the outlVard cover.
ings, habit, and ornaments of the body, cither of e/oth,
flulf, filk, or linen, in their nalural and proper folds .
7. In drawing of all the forms before·m:otioned, it
is requifite tObe lirfi perfctl in the laying down the
exatl proponions ; fccoodly, io the geoeral or outward
lines, before you proceed tO Ihadowing, or trimming
the IVork IVithin.
8. In mixed and unccmin forms, \Vherethe cirele
{quare, &e. will be of no uCe, but only in Ihe jde~
t~ereof in your Ol\'n fancy, as horfes, oxen, and the
hke, you mufi do it by judgment, and Co gain the
true proportions by afliduous pratlice : thus havingthe
fhape of the thing in y.our mind, firn draw it rudely
wnh a coal ; then, w,th more exatlneCs, with alead
or pencil ; then peruCe it well, and mend it in thoCe
pans you have erred in, according to the idea youcaro
ry in your mind. When it is mended by your OIVD
judgmeot, compare it with fome good pauero of the
{ame kind, and amend it by that.
9· Having good copies to draw after, learn to re.
duce them to other proponions, either larger or Cmal.
ler ; and this by frequeot pratlice.
10. Let a perfetlion in drawing be auained by di.
ligent exerciCe, and the infirutlion of a good mafier,
?efore there be any aue~pts as t? colouring and paint.
IOg; for the former bemg auallled, the refl IVill be
eafily underflood, and gained by frequent pratlice.
Particular oh/uvationl 'OIi:h regord to DRAW' NC, are
0110110'01/ . l . If you draIV after a print or piQure
pl~ce il in Cuch a light, that the glofs of the colour~
may not interrupt your light, aod that the light and
y.our eye .may e9ually and obli9.llCly f;¡1I UpOD the
p,ece, wllI,ch OlOuld be placcd at I~ch ~ difianc<, that,
upon opcmng your eye, you may v,ew It at once : the
I. rger the pitlure is, rhe greater d,lIlnce off it nlOuld
be placcd: it Ihonld alCo be right before you and a
Jiule reclining. '
2. Draw your out·lines at fi rfl vcry faiot, and witi.
a coal; anJ let the,~ be drawn agreeable to the pat.
tero, before yon beg,nto Otadowa"yI'"n uf it. Wh~n
you have draIVo one featu re, it Ihould, in COOle lIIea.
Cure~ bea di'T~ioo for you to dralV the other, by ob.
rcmog lhc d,lbnce frOIll ,hat tú the nc~t fe.\lnrc · lila.
kiog a l lIIark at the plac~ I\'ith your coal,' thcn
drJw it, and Co to the neXI, till yon hav< drawlI Ih~
whole figure.
t 4 X Th~n