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by prefcription, and is of tWO kinds, vi: . by common
blV, and by cuflom: lbe formcr is where the baroos or
freeboldm, b:ieg fuitors, are rhe judges; lhe olher
is lhat where lhe lard, or his, frewlr~, is lhe judge.
CO,URT of chiva/IJ', 'or the ma~/ha/'! COURT, lh:\t
whereof the judges are tbe lord high cooflable, ~nd \he
earl márlhal of England.
This court is thdounrain of. maniaJ'law; and the
earl-marfhal is not ooly one of the judges, but is to fee
execution done.
COURT ~r"n[ci,nc" a !:?urt in the cities of Lon~on,
\Vd lminfler, and fome other places, that determlOes
maners in all caCes where the debt or damage is un–
der fony Ihillings.
Coun of d'/'Xatel) a coun II!here delegates are ap·
pointed by the king'~ commiffion, u,n~er the great feal,
upoo an appeal to him from !he fentence of an arch–
biihop, &c. in eccleliaflical caur!$; or of !he COllrt
of admiralty, in any marine caure.
C'OURT ofh/ljJj,ng!, acoun of lecord held atGuildhall,
for' the city of 10ndon, before the lord ,mayor and
aldermen, Iher,ffs and recorder, where al! pleas, re~,
perfooal, aed mixt, are determined; wbere a1I' lands,
tenements; &c, with:n the city, or its bounds,
are pleadable in two,huflings; the oeecalled the hufl–
ings of plea of lands, and tbe other the huflings of
common pleas. The cour\ of huflings is the highefl
cou,t within the city, in whicb writs of exigen! may
be takeo'out, and outlawr.ies awarded, wherein judg–
ment is given by !he morder.
There are alfo other courts' caUed' wardmot~, Or
meetiog of the wards; and cour:s of holymote, or af–
lemblies of Ihe 'guilds and fraternilies.
COURT-LEET, a court ordained for the punifhment of
nfl'ences under high mafon againfl the crowo.
COURT-MARTIAL, a,coun appoioted for!he p!1nifhing
offences in officers, foldiers, and failors, !he powets
of which are regulated by the mutiny,bilJ..
COURT of nq/lejh, was a coun of equity, of the fame
oature wilh the chancery, but inferior to ,it.
COURTESY, or CURTES Yof Eng/and. a certain te–
nure whtrcby a mao marrying ao Iieirefs feized of laods
of fee Gmple, or fee tail geoeral, or feized as heir of
the tail fpecial. and geneth a child by her lhat cometh
alive imo me world, Ihough both it aod his wife die
forthwith; yet, if Ihe were in polfeffion, he Ihall keep
Ihe Iand during his life, aod is ,called lenan/ tu ¡,[,m
Angli-z, or tenant by the counefy of England; be–
caufe Ihis privilege is OOt allowed io' any –
cept Scotland, where it is called curia/ita! 8co/i-z.
COURTISAN, awomao who prOfiitUlesherfelffor hire
'efpecially 10 p~ople of fuperior rank. '
COU.RTRAY, a t~wo of the Auflrian Nelherlands, G'–
tuated 00 lhe nver I:.y!, about tweoty-three miles
(ourh-w~fl of Gilent, aod four:een eafl of Ypres: E'.
long. 3° 10' , and N. lal. 50° 48'.
COUSIN, a term of 'relation betweeo lhe children of
brothers aod Gflers, 'who in the firfl generalioo aTe
callcd couGo-germans, in the fecond generation fe–
cood couGos, &c. If fprung frolD the reJatioos of the
e R A
father's Gde, they are denomioated paternal cooGns;
if on the mOlher's, mHternal.
CO'uSU, in hmldry, Ggnilies a piece ofanother colo'ur
or melal placed 00 lhe ordinary, as if ir were felftd
on, as the' word impom. This is generally of colour
llpGn colour, or metal uponmetal, contrary to the ge–
neral rule of heralJry.
COVERT, in heraldry, denotes fomethiog like a piece
of hal>ging, or a pavil1ion falling over t~e top of a
chic!' or Qther ordinar)', fo as OOt !O hide, but ooly to
be acovering to it:
COW, in zoology. 8ee Bos.
Se4-Cow , in zoology. See TR tCHECUS.
COW-ITCH, in botan)'. See PHASE'OLUS.
COW'S-LIP, in botany. See PRIMULA.
COW'S-LIP' of J~rtl[a¡,m 8ee PULMONARI!.
COWARD, in hm ldry, a term given 10 i\ lion 'borne
in aD efcutcheon with his lail doubled or turned io
between'his legs.
COW,ES, a tOlVn and h'arbour on' the northern coan of
the iOe of Wight, Gtuated about eight miles foUth of
Plymauth : W. long. l° 25', and N, laL 50° 45'·
COWL, or COUL, a' 'habit woro by the Beroardines'
and ·Benediélines, of wmch thm are tlVO kinGs; on¿
white, very large. \Vorn in cere,nonies; the Olher
black, worn on oldinary occalions, in the flreets, 6t.
Friar'! COWL, in botany. 8ce ARISARUM.
COXWOLD, a market-town in the nonh riding of
Yorkfhire, about founeen mires north of the city of
York : W. long. 50', anc¡' N. lat. 54° 20'.
COZUMEL, an iOand near the -veflerncoafl of Jueatan,
where Cortez laoded aod refrelhed his lroops, before
entering Ilponthe conquefl of MeKico : W. long. 89°,
and N, lat. 13~.
CRAS, in zoology. 8ee CAN CE L .
CRAB's <:IL AWS, in the materia medica, are the 'ups of
the c1aws of the common crab broken off at lhe yerge
of the black pan, fo much 'of the extremity of ~e
c1aws ooly being allowed tO be' ured in medicine as ~s
tingcd with this colour. The blacknefs, ~owmr! IS
only fuperfrcial; theyare of a 'greyilh whlt:' wnhlO,
and when levigated fumilh a tolerable whne pow–
der.
Crab's c1aws are of' the number of the alkaline'ab–
forbeots, but they are,fuperiar ' tO lhe geoerality of
them io fome degree, as lhey are found on a che-
mical aoalyGs 10 contai~ a volatile urinous fal t. .
CRAB'S EYES, in pharmacy, are a flroDg concreUOD
in the head of the cray.filh. Th"ey are rounded 00
ooe fide, and deprelfed ánd fiouated on theother, con–
fiderably hea.'Y, moderately hard, and without fmell,
We have them from Holland, Mufcovy, Poland, Deo-
mark, Swedeo, and many other places, . '
Crab's eyes are much ufed both in the Ihop,nred,cmes
and extemporaneous prefcriptioos, beihg accoueted ~ot
oolyabrorbent and drying, but alfo difcullive aod dlu–
retic.
CRA B, an eogine of wood, with three c1aws, plac:d '00
lhe ground like a capflao, and ufed at lauochmg or
heaving Ihips ioto the dock.
CRABRO,