1000000030

( 193

rnISSEL, an innrumenl much ufed iri

c~rpcntry, m~Icnry, jOlOtry, f.:ulpture,

onJ dillillguilhcd ac–

cording to the bre"dth of the blade into half IOch ehif–

fds,

quart~r,inch

chilfels,

.!;c.

They have allo dif,

ferent names

~tcoroing

lO the diffúent ules

whlch

Ihey are applitd; as, l. Tite fonuer, ufeo by carpen–

ters,

ot.

jull afler lhe IVork i, feribed : it is IIruek

wilh a mallet_

l .

The p,tring-eh,frd, whleh is ¡deJ

in paring olf lhe irregulal ities mode by the former:

mis is prtned with lhe workman's fhoulder. 3. The

fkew-IorRler deanfes aeute angles Wilh lhe point of itl

narrowedge 4. The mortiee chin'd, ufed in cutling

d~ep

fquare holes in wood, for mortiees: il is oarrow,

but thick and IIroog. lO eodure hard blows. S. Soek–

cl-chilfels, having lheir fhank made with a hollow

Coek.el

al 10p, 10 Teceivc a tlrong wooden fprig fiued

ialo il wllh a Ihoulder_ 6. Ripping chllfd, haviog a

blunl edge, Wilh no bafil, ufed in Icariag tWO pieees

ofwoqp'alunder. Aod, 7. Ihe gUIIge, See CoucE.

CHITAV, io lhe maleria medica, a kiod of ltgnum–

aJoes, of a reddífh colour_ See LiolfUl'I -ALOES ,

CHIVALRY, in lallt, is a Icoure of fervice, whercby

lbe Unanl is bnund 10 perform fome noble or militory

oRice to,his lord

~nd

is eitha regal, wheD held only

of Ihe king

or eommon, fuch as may be held of a

eommon perlon as well as the king : Ihe former is

properly called thjeaoly, and Ihe latler efeuage.

A llalUle of Charles

abolifhes all leoures by chi–

nlry, in capile,_

6,.

and ordams Ihal all lenures !hall

be conllrued 10

free aDd common foccage_

CHIVES, in botaDY, See AHTKERJE.

CHIUSI, acily of ltaly, in Ihe dUlchy of Tufcany, fi–

lualed OD Ihe confines of Ihe pope's leuilories, abUUl

thirty-6ge miles foum-eall of Sientla: E, loog.

13~,

and N. lat. 33°.

CHLAMYS, in anriquilY, a milirary habit woro by Ihe

ancienls OHr Ihe tuoica. 11 belooged tO Ihe palrici–

ao" aod lilas me fame in Ihe lime of lIIar Ihat Ihe

toga was in Ihe lime of peace_ This fOTl of gown was

caHed piéla, from the rich embroidery wilh figure! in

J>hrygian- wor~

and purpurea, becaufe lite groupd–

wotk was purple. - The chlamydes of Ihe emperors

were aH purple, adorned with a golden or embroider–

ed border.

CHLORIS, io oroilhology, Ibe Iri9ial Dame of a fpe–

cies of Loxia. See Loxu,.

CHLQROSIS, in medicine, a difeafe commonly called

Ihe

green-~cknefs,

incidenllO youog girls. See Ms–

DrCIHE.

CliOCOLATE, in commerce, a kind of palle, or cake,

prepared of cerlaio ingredienll, Ihe bafis or which i,

the cacao-nut.

The Indians, in Iheir

6rtl

making of chocplate, ufed

10 roall Ihe cacao in earthen pOlS; and having aner–

wards deared il of Ihe hunes, ¡od bruifed il betw<Co

IIVO fione" Ihey made it in10 cakes with lheir hands,

The Spaniards improved this method: wheoIhe cacao

il properly roalltd, and well cleaned, Ihey pound it in

a monar, 10 reduce il into a e02Tfe rIlafs which Ihey

afltrwards grind on • Ilone, tiHIt be of Ihe ulmon 6ne–

I1¿S:

Ihe palIe being fuflicienuy ground, is

pUL

quite

hOI into tin

,~bulds,

in which il coogeals in a ve"

l"tI.

"~Ie"

he furl11

Ihefe mould, ia Mbll rary ;

lhe cyltndncal oncs, holdlog tlVO or Ihree pound" are

Ihe moti prorer, bec.ufe Ihe biggcr the cakes are, Ihe

longer lhey will keep, ObfúVe, Ihal Ihefe cake,

ar~

very liable to lake any goo<l or bad fcenl, aod Ihere.

fl're they mufi be carefully wrapl up io paper, and

ktpt in a dry place, Complainls are made, Ihat lht

Spaniards mix wilh Ihe cacao OUIS 100 grcal a quan.

lIIy of claves and c,"namon, bcr.des olher drugs with–

OUI number, as mufk, ambtrgnfe,

6(.

The grocer.

of Paris ufe few or none of Ihefe ingredients

Ihey

only chufe the befl nuts, which aro called Caneca,

from the place from wheDce lhey are broughl, and

wilh lheft Ihey mix a very fmaHquarilily of cinnamon,

Ihe frefhefi vaoilla, and Ihe finefi fugar, but very fe! –

dum"ny d0ges. Among us in England, Ihechoeolat'

is maJe of Ihe fimple caéao, excepliog dial fomelimet

fugu, and fometimes vanilla is added.

Chocolate re,dy made, and cacao palle, are prohi–

biled to be imponed from any parl beyond Ihe fcasj

Ir madeaod fold in Creal Brilain,

pays inland-dUlY

I s, 6d. per ID, aloirdupoife: il

mut~

be indofed in,

papelS conlaining one pound each, and produced at

Ihe excife-ollice, 10 be flamped. Upon Ihree days no–

liee gigen 10 Ihe o/licer of excife, privale f. milies ma,

make chocolale for Iheir owo ufe, provided no lefs–

than half ao hUDdred weighl of nol! be ¡nade al ont

time.

'::HOENIX, a dry mealure, containiog a forty-eighlft

part of a medimou8, or fix bufhels. Heoee Ihe cele'

brmd proverb of Pylhagoras,

Super ehtrnicr ne fe.

drtrl ,

CHOIR, thal

par!

of the ehureh or c:nhedral where

cboirillers fing divine ferviee : il is feparaled from .Ih'e

chaoce!, whereIhecommunion is celebraled

aod alfo

from the nave of the chllreh, where Ihe peoplc'are

placed: Ihe pauoo is fa id 10 be obltged 10 repair lhe–

choir I/f the church,

CHOLEODCHVS, in anAtomy_ See Vol.

p. l6S _

CHOLER. See SILE ,

CHOLERA

tnDrbUI,

in medicine, See MEDtCINE,

CHONORILLA, in bonny, a geous of Ihe f)'Dgenefia'

polygamia requalis dafs. The calix

caficulaled -,

!he rectplade is naked

Ihe pappu,'is Gmple, and fur:

nifhed wilh a,Ilipes

and the ftofcules are numerous.

There is bUI one fpecies,

viz.

Ihe janC:Ea, a native of

Germany,

CHONOROPTERYGll, in ichthyology, a' term for–

merly applied 10 the order or fifhe!, now called am–

phibia nanle, by Lionreus. See AJ>lPH IBtA.

CHOPIN, or

CKO~INE,

a liquid meafure, ufed bOlh in–

Scorl.nd

and F,ance, and equal ro h¿lf Iheir pinl.,

Sec PI'NT, and MEASURI .

CHDRASSAN, a

provine~

of Perfia, 00 rhe north-eRIl"

adjoining 10 Ufhcc Tanary

Ihis was Ihe

aneien~

Haélria, and the nalive couorryof the late Koult K.o..

CHORO, in geometry, a right line dnwn from one parl

arch of

cirde 10 Ihe olheT. Henee,

CHORD

c/9n

aren

i, a righl lioe joioing the extretlles;

Of lhat arch, See TkIOON01.tEHY,

Clto.r.ll